HomeMy WebLinkAboutFlood Insurance Study 1983r
FLOO
INSUI
STUD
CITY OF
STI LLWATER,
MINNESOTA
WASHINGTON COUNTY
AUGUST 1, 1983
Federal Emergency Management Agency
COMMUNITY NUMBER - 275249
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Purpose of Study 1
1.2 Authority and Acknowledgements 1
1.3 Coordination 1
2.0 AREA STUDIED 2
2.1 Scope of Study 2
2.2 Community Description 2
2.3 Principal Flood Problems 4
2.4 Flood Protection Measures 4
3.0 ENGINEERING METHODS 4
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses 5
3.2 Hydraulic Analyses 6
4.0 FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS 7
4.1
Flood Boundaries 7
4.2
Floodways 7
5.0 INSURANCE APPLICATION 7
5.1
Reach Determinations 8
5.2
Flood Hazard Factors 8
r
5.3
Flood Insurance Zones 8
5.4
Flood Insurance Rate Map Description 9
i
6.0
7.0
8.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
OTHER STUDIES
LOCATION OF DATA
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Figure 1 - Vicinity Map
Table 1 - Summary of Discharges
Table 2 - Summary of Elevations
Table 3 - Flood Insurance Zone Data
Flood Profiles
St. Croix River
Browns Creek
Flood Insurance Rate Map
FIGURES
TABLES
EXHIBITS
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Page
9
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11
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Panel 01P
Panels 02P - 04P
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
CITY OF STILLWATER,
WASHINGTON COUNTY, MINNESOTA
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Study
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood
hazards in the City of Stillwater, Washington County, Minnesota, and aids in
the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the
Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood risk
data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish
actuarial flood insurance rates and assist the community in their efforts to
promote sound flood plain management. Minimum flood plain management
requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program are
set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations at 44 CFR, 60.3.
In some states or communities, flood plain management criteria or
regulations may exist that are more restrictive or comprehensive than the
minimum Federal requirements. In such cases, the more restrictive criteria
take precedence and the State (or other jurisdictional agency) will be able to
explain them.
1.2 Authority and Acknowledgements
The sources of authority for this Flood Insurance Study are the National
Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.
The hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for this study were performed by the
U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service for the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA), under Inter -Agency Agreement IAA-H-3-73, Project Order No. 3.
This study was completed in January 1973.
1.3 Coordination
Data generated for the County of Washington, Minnesota Flood Insurance
Study (Reference 1) resulted in revised hydrologic data for the Mississippi
River gage at Prescott, Wisconsin, as well as flood elevation changes for
both Browns Creek and the St. Croix River.
2.0 AREA STUDIED
2.1 Scope of Study
This Flood Insurance Study covers the incorporated area of the City of
Stillwater, Washington County, Minnesota. The area of study is shown on
the Vicinity Map (Figure 1).
The areas studied by detailed methods were selected with priority given to
all known flood hazard areas and areas of projected development or
proposed construction for the next 5 years, through January 1978.
Approximate methods of analysis were used to study those areas having a
low development potential or minimal flood hazards as identified at the
initiation of the study. The scope and methods of study were proposed to
and agreed upon by FEMA and the City of Stillwater.
The following streams were studied in detail: a.) Browns Creek, for its
entire length within the city limits: b.) the St. Croix River, for its entire
length within the city limits; and c.) the Mississippi River, at the confluence
with the St. Croix River, Lake McKusick and Long Lake.
Approximate methods were used to study Lily Lake.
2.2 Community Description
The City of Stillwater is located in east -central Washington County in
southeastern Minnesota. Stillwater is bordered on the south by the City of
Oak Park Heights, Minnesota, and elsewhere by unincorporated areas of
Washington County. The 1980 population of Stillwater was approximately
12,290, a 20.6 percent increase over the 1970 population of 10,191
(Reference 2).
The St. Croix River flows along the eastern corporate limits of the city,
entering from the north at river mile 25 and exiting at river mile 22. Its
drainage area at Stillwater is approximately 6,000 square miles.
The St. Croix River from Stillwater downstream is maintained as a
navigation channel suitable for commercial large traffic, making the area a
desirable location for industrial development. Even though Stillwater is
located 22 miles upstream of its confluence with the Mississippi River, the
city is still affected by backwater from the St. Croix River.
Browns Creek drains the area west of Stillwater and empties into the St.
Croix River near the northern corporate limits. During periods of high flow,
Lake McKusick and an adjoining marshy area act as a storage reservoir for
Browns Creek, significantly reducing discharges of events less severe than
the 100-year event. The drainage area of Browns Creek at its mouth is
approximately 16.5 square miles.
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FIGURE 1
2.3 Principal Flood Problems
Most of the lower St. Croix River is rimmed by steep bluffs near the shore.
This bluff line recedes through the main business district of Stillwater,
making much of the area subject to flooding. The lower St. Croix River is in
the backwater reach extending upstream from Prescott, Wisconsin through
Stillwater. Flood stages in this reach will be dependent on the combined
flows of the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers.
The drainage area of the Mississippi River below the mouth of the St. Croix
River at Prescott, Wisconsin is approximately 44,800 square miles. Several
severe floods have occurred in recent years, the most notable occurring in
April 1965 when a peak flow of 228,000 cubic feet per second was recorded
at Prescott. At its peak, the St. Croix River contributed 19 percent of the
flow in the Mississippi River immediately downstream from Prescott. The
stage associated with this flood, which is the highest recorded at Stillwater,
was 693.43 feet above mean sea level, which is approximately 1.5 feet
higher than the 100-year flood. The backwater effect can be further
illustrated by the fact that the largest flood flow of record (1902-72) on the
upper St. Croix River resulted in only the fifth highest flood (in terms of
elevation) at Stillwater owing to the relatively low flood flow in the
Mississippi River.
There are no records available for Browns Creek, but pictures submitted by
local residents show severe flooding occurred in May 1942 and in June 1943.
2.4 Flood Protection Measures
There are presently no flood control structures to prevent or reduce the
magnitude or frequency of flooding in the City of Stillwater. Nonstructural
measures are being utilized to aid in the prevention of future flood damage.
These are in the form of land use regulations which will control building
within areas that have a high risk of flooding.
3.0 ENGINEERING METHODS
For the flooding sources studied in detail in the community, standard hydrologic
and hydraulic study methods were used to determine the flood hazard data required
for this study. Flood events of a magnitude which are expected to be equaled or
exceeded once on the average during any 10-, 50-, 100-, or 500-year period
(recurrence interval) have been selected as having special significance for flood
plain management and for flood insurance rates. These events, commonly termed
the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods, have a 10, 2, 1, and 0.2 percent chance,
respectively, of being equaled or exceeded during any year. Although the
recurrence interval represents the long term averse period between floods of a
specific magnitude, rare floods could occur at short intervals or even within the
same year. The risk of experiencing a rare flood increases when periods greater
than 1 year are considered. For example, the risk of having a flood which equals or
exceeds the 100 year flood (1 percent chance of annual exceedence) in any 50-year
period is approximately 40 percent (4 in 10), and, for any 90--year period, the risk
increases to approximately 60 percent (6 in 10). The analyses reported herein
reflect flooding potentials based on conditions existing in the community at the
time of completion of this study. Maps and flood elevations will be amended
periodically to reflect future changes.
4
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses
Hydrologic analyses were carried out to establish the peak discharge -
frequency relationships for floods of the selected recurrence intervals
for each flooding source studied in detail affecting the community.
Because of the prevailing flat slope of the lower St. Croix River, known
locally as Lake St. Croix, it is; necessary to consider the flood
characteristics of the Mississippi River at the mouth of the St. Croix River
since the combined flows at this point will influence the flood -frequency
profiles throughout the reach extending through Stillwater. Therefore, a
flow -frequency analysis based on the record for the Mississippi River at
Prescott was used to derive the elevation of the various frequency floods at
the mouth of the St. Croix River. The discharge values for the St. Croix
River were based on an analysis of the available records (1902-05, 1910-70)
obtained at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging station at St. Croix
Falls, Wisconsin.
Flood -frequency analysis for both gaging station records were made in
accordance with the recommendations contained in Bulletin 17 (Reference
3) of the Water Resources Council. In both cases, a log -normal distribution
provided the best fit to the data. The data presented here reflects the
updated results generated during the Washington County Flood Insurance
Study (Reference 1).
The flood -frequency characteristics of Browns Creek were developed by the
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) from a
rainfall -runoff model. The SCS also provided the flood routing analysis.
Peak discharges for the 10-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods of each flooding
source studied in detail in the community are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 - SUMMARY OF DISCHARGES
FLOODING SOURCE DRAINAGE AREA _ PEAK DISCHARGE (CFS)
AND LOCATION SQ MILE 10-YEAR�50-YEAR 100-YEAR 500-YEAR
MISSISSIPPI RIVER*
At confluence with
St. Croix River 44,800 113,000 172,000 200,000 267,000
ST. CROIX RIVER
USGS gage at St.
Croix Falls 5,930 39,300 53,800 61,000 77,000
BROWNS CREEK
At Stillwater
corporate limit 16.4 630 1,318 1,848 3,000
At Burlington Northern
Railroad downstream
crossing 15.0 589 1,303 1,831 2,891
At Burlington Northern
Railroad upstream
crossing 13.6 935 1,550 1,894 2,770
5
*As revised by the County of Washington Flood Insurance Study data.
Flood levels for Long Lake were determined by routing hydrographs of
runoff for various rainfall and snowmelt flood events and routing the
hydrographs through the lake with the existing outlet structures. Flood
levels for Lake McKusick were obtained from the Browns Creek profile.
Approximate elevations for Lily Lake were determined by historical data.
The summary of elevations for lakes is summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2 - SUMMARY OF ELEVATIONS
FLOODING SOURCE ELEVATION (FEET)
AND LOCATION 10-YEAR 50-YEAR 100-YEAR 500-YEAR
LONG LAKE
At shoreline 892.2 892.6 892.8 893.3
LAKE MCKUSICK
At shoreline 856.3 856.9 857.0 857.7
3.2 Hydraulic Analyses
Analyses of the hydraulic characteristics of the streams in the community
were carried out to provide estimates of the elevations of the floods of the
selected recurrence intervals along each flooding source studied in detail.
Historic profiles, based on data supplied by the USGS and U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers (COE), indicate the St. Croix River in the vicinity of Stillwater
is significantly affected by backwater from flood stages on the Mississippi
River. These historic profiles, along with current profiles established during
the Flood Insurance Study for the County of Washington, were used to define
the backwater conditions along the St. Croix River and to shape the flood -
frequency profiles between established profile points. Slopes are extremely
flat through the Stillwater reach which greatly minimizes errors in shaping
the profiles.
Flood -frequency profiles developed for the St. Croix River have been
coordinated with the COE in order to eliminate Inter -Agency conflicts.
Water -surface profiles for Browns Creek were computed using a step -
backwater computer model with stream geometry defined by field sw ✓ey.
The flood -frequency elevations for the area adjoining Lake McKusick were
obtained from the Browns Creek profile.
Locations of selected cross sections used in the hydraulic analyses are shown
on the Flood Profiles. For stream segments for which a floodway was
computed (Section 4.2), selected cross section locations are also shown on
the Flood Boundary and Floodway Map.
Flood profiles were drawn showing the computed water -surface elevations
for floods of the selected recurrence intervals.
The hydraulic analyses for this study are based only on the effects of
unobstructed flow. The flood elevations as shown on the profiles are,
therefore, considered valid only if hydraulic structures, in general, remain
unobstructed and if channel and overbank conditions remain essentially the
same as ascertained during this study.
All elevations are referenced from National Geodetic Vertical Datum of
1929 (NGVD).
4.0 FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
The National Flood Insurance Program encourages state and local governments to
adopt sound flood plain management programs. Therefore, each Flood Insurance
Study includes a flood boundary map designed to assist communities in developing
sound flood plain management measures.
4.1 Flood Boundaries
In order to provide a national standard without regional discrimination, the
100-year flood has been adopted by FEMA as the base flood for purposes of
flood plain management measures. The 500-year flood is employed to
indicate additional areas of flood risk in the community. The area inundated
by the 100-year flood along Browns Creek and the St. Croix River in
Stillwater is limited by steep slopes and very little additional area is flooded
by the 500-year flood. Therefore, few B zones are shown on the Flood
Insurance Rate Map.
The boundaries of the 100- and 500-year floods are shown on the Flood
Insurance Rate Map. Small areas within the flood boundaries may lie above
the flood elevations and, therefore, not be subject to flooding; owing to lack
of detailed topographical information or to limitations of the map scale,
such areas are not shown. In cases where the 100-year and the 500-year
flood boundaries are close together, only the 100-year boundary has been
shown.
4.2 Floodways
The floodway is the channel of a stream plus any adjacent flood plain areas,
that must be kept free of encroachment so that the 100-year flood can be
carried without substantial increases in flood heights.
No floodways were computed for the City of Stillwater.
5.0 INSURANCE APPLICATION
In order to establish actuarial insurance rates, FEMA has developed a process to
transform the data from the engineering study into flood insurance criteria. This
process includes the determination of reaches, Flood Hazard Factors (FHF), and
flood insurance zone designations for each flooding source affecting the City of
Stillwater.
5.1 Reach Determinations
Reaches are defined as lengths of watercourses having relatively the same
flood hazard, based on the average weighted difference in water -surface
elevations between the 10- and 100-year floods. This difference does not
have a variation greater than that indicated in the following table for more
than 20 percent of the reach.
Average Difference Between
10- and 1007gear Floods Variation
Less than 2 feet
0.5
foot
2 to 7 f eet
1.0
f oot
7.1 to 12 feet
2.0
feet
More than 12 f eet
3.0
f eet
The locations of the reaches determined for the City of Stillwater are shown
on the Flood Profiles and are summarized in Table 3, Flood Insurance Zone
Data.
5.2 Flood Hazard Factors
The FHF is used to establish relationships between depth and frequency of
flooding in any reach. This relationship is then used with depth - damage
relationships for various classes of structures to establish actuarial
insurance rate tables.
The FHF for a reach is the average weighted difference between the 10- and
100-year flood water -surface elevations rounded to the nearest 0.5 foot,
multiplied by 10 and shown as a 3-digit code. For example, if the difference
between water -surface elevations of the 10- and 100-year floods is 0.7 foot,
the FHF is 005; if the difference is 1.4 feet, the FHF is 015; if the
difference is 5.0 feet, the FHF is 050. When the difference between the 10-
and 100-year flood water -surface elevations is greater than 10.0 feet, it is
rounded to the nearest whole foot.
5.3 Flood Insurance Zones
After the determination of reaches and their respective FHFs, the
entire incorporated area of the City of Stillwater was divided into zones,
each having a specific flood potential or hazard. Each zone was assigned
one of the following flood insurance zone designations:
Zone A: Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by
the 100-year flood, determined by approx-
imate methods; no base flood elevations
are shown or FHFs determined.
Zones Al, A2, A5,A10, A15: Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by
the 100-year flood, determined by de-
tailed methods; base flood elevations are
shown, and zones subdivided according to
FHF.
8
6.0
Zone B: Areas between the Special Flood Hazard
Area and the limits of the 500-year flood,
including areas of the 500-year flood plain
that are protected from the 100-year
flood by dike, levee, or other water
control structure; or areas subject to
certain types of 100-year shallow flooding
where depths are less than 1.0 foot; and
areas subject to 100-year flooding from
sources with drainage areas less than 1
square mile. Zone B is not subdivided.
Zone C:
Areas of minimal flooding.
Table 3, Flood Insurance Zone Data, summarizes the flood elevation
differences, FHFs, flood insurance zones, and base flood elevations for each
flooding source studied in detail in the community.
5.4 Flood Insurance Rate Map Description
The Flood Insurance Rate Map for the City of Stillwater is, for insurance
purposes, the principal result of the Flood Insurance Study. This map
contains the official delineation of flood insurance zones and base flood
elevation lines. Base flood elevation lines show the locations of the
expected whole -foot water -surface elevations of the base (100-year) flood.
This map is developed in accordance with the latest flood insurance map
preparation guidelines published by FEMA.
OTHER STUDIES
The results of this study agree with the Flood Insurance Studies for the City of Oak
Park Heights (Reference 4) and the County of Washington, Minnesota (Reference
1). The Type 10 Flood Insurance Study (Reference 5) for the City of Stillwater,
Wisconsin, is in disagreement with this study, as it does not contain the latest
hydrologic and hydraulic data.
A Flood Insurance Rate Map has been published for the community (Reference 6).
The differences between the Flood Insurance Rate Map and this study are justified
due to the more detailed nature of this Flood Insurance Study.
This report either supersedes or is compatible with all previous studies published on
streams studied in this report and should be considered authoritative for the
purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program.
7.0 LOCATION OF DATA
Information concerning the pertinent data used in preparation of this study can be
obtained by contacting the Natural and Technological Hazards Division, Federal
Emergency Management Agency, 300 South Wacker Drive, (24th Floor), Chicago,
Illinois 60606.
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8.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study, County of
Washington, Unincorporated Areas, Minnesota, November 1981.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1980 Census of
Population and Housing,Number of Inhabitants, Minnesota, Washington,
D.C., February 1982.
3. U.S. Water Resources Council, Bulletin No. 17, Guidelines for Determinin
Flood Flow Frequency, March 1976.
4. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Study, City of
Oak Park Heights, Minnesota, October 1981.
5. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance
Administration, DRe 10 Flood Insurance Study, City of Stillwater,
Minnesota, January 1973.
6. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration,
Flood Insurance Rate Map, City of Stillwater, Minnesota, November 1980.
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