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Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter (East Half)-Updated
THEEASTHALFOFTHECHURCHILL,NELSON&SLAUGHTERADDITIONRESIDENTIALAREA,STILLWATER,WASHINGTONCOUNTY,MINNESOTAWinter/Spring,2003NationalRegisterIdentificationandEvaluationStudySubmittedto:TheCityofStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommitteePreparedbyDonaldEmpsonEmpsonArchivesP.O.Box791Stillwater,MN55082July,2003 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionACKNOWLEDGEMENTOFHISTORICPRESERVATIONFUNDSUPPORTANDNONDISCRIMINATIONPOLICYThisprojecthasbeenfinancedinpartwithFederalfundsfromtheNationalParkService,DepartmentofInterior,throughtheMinnesotaHistoricalSocietyunderprovisionsoftheNationalHistoricPreservationActasamended.HoweverthecontentsandopinionsdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesoftheDepartmentoftheInterior,nordoesthementionoftraderecommendationbytheDepartmentoftheInterior.orcommercialproductsconstituteendorsementornamesUnderTitleVIoftheCivilRightsActof1964andSection504oftheRehabilitationActof1973,theU.S.DepartmentofInteriorprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,color,nationalorigin,orhandicapinitsfederallyassistedprogram.Ifyoubelieveyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstinanyprogramactivity,orfacilityasdescribedabove,orifyoudesirefurtherinformation,pleasewriteto:OfficeofEqualOpportunity,U.S.DepartmentoftheInterior,Washington,D.C.,20240.2 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition\StreetMapoftheSurveyArea«WNVdcamasatlQCI;-AVMavoHg000030M3H0•s$3-t5^-ILHVIN|Si15XisE»—IWiVM'n-•18feiW!»5S85-:;US|o33H0m!pJ©aaqijJLS3Mnrirz2Nw5*s>.TUHIHO—t-.1;ma/DNaflHHdHSTsi-spfIWHI£/,-QATSIVMlSnONl;Hiri*E3A0J^NOSGNOs)/Ar—i3 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionTableofContents.Page5.Page6.Page8.Page10.Page30Page70Page75.Page80Page86.Page87.Page89AbstractIntroductionResearchDesignTheThirdStreetHillSurveyDetailsAppendixA(BuildingDates)AppendixB(BuildingDates)AppendixC(1894CityDirectory).ContextsBibliographyRecommendations TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionAbstract/^Vnehundredandthirty-fivepropertieswithinanareaoffortyacresweresurveyedforinclusionontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.ThesepropertiesarelocatedinStillwater,WashingtonCounty,MinnesotainanareadesignatedastheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionHPPA.Asaresultofmysurvey,IdidnotfindanypropertieswithintheareathatmightqualifyfornominationtotheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.ThecompletepapersgeneratedbythissurveywillbedepositedwiththeCityofStillwaterandtheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.5 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionIntroductionetweenNovember1,2002,andJuly1,2003,EmpsonArchivesconductedaNationalRegistersurveyoftheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson,&Slaughter’sAdditionHPPAresidentialareaofStillwater,WashingtonCounty,Minnesota.TheprojectareawasintheNEx/4oftheNEi4ofSection33,T30N,R20W.BIncludedwithinthesurveyareaistheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditiontoStillwater.TheobjectiveofthestudywastoconductanintensivehistoricalsurveyoftheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionresidentialneighborhoodboundedby,oronalinewith,FourthStreetSouthontheWest;East/WestWillardStreetontheEast;SixthAvenueSouthontheSouth;andEast/WestHancockStreetontheNorth.Thereare135structureswithinthissurveyareacovering40acres.TheworkwasconductedbetweenNovember1st,2002andJuly1st,2003byDonaldEmpson,theprincipalinvestigator;andhiswife,KathleenVadnais.DonaldEmpson,theprincipalinvestigator,meetstheSecretaryoftheInterior’sProfessionalQualificationsStandards.Thepropertytypesinthissurveyincludeddwellings,associatedgaragesandcarriagehouses,outbuildings,objectsandstructures,andbusinesses.Thesepropertieswerelocated,photographedandtheirphysicaldescriptionsdocumented.TheprojectteamcompiledbuildingfilesoneachinventoriedsitefortheCityofStillwater’sHeritagePreservationCommission.AprojectreportwaspreparedfortheCityofStillwaterandfortheMinnesotaStateHistoricPreservationOffice.TheformatofthefinalreportisdeterminedbyregulationsoftheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.PropertieswithintheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionresidentialareawereevaluatedforpreliminaryNationalRegistersignificanceintermsofoneappropriatestatewidehistoriccontext:“St.CroixValleyTriangleLumbering(1843-1914).”TheprojectteamconsultedtheStillwaterhistoriccontextstudy(Vogel1993)inevaluatinglocalsignificanceanddeterminedtheappropriatecontextwas:“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater,1850’s-1940’s.”Thiseffortispartoftheon-goingprogramoftheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety’sStateHistoricPreservationOffice(SHPO)whichbeganafterpassageoftheHistoricPreservationActof1966,asamended.TheSHPO6 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionadministerstheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesprograminMinnesota.Intheearlyyearsofthisprogram,theSHPOconcentratedonbasicinventoriesofthe87countiesinMinnesotaonacounty-by-countybasis.StillwaterestablishedaHeritagePreservationCommissionin1973and,inconjunctionwithafederalgrantfromtheMinnesotaSHPO,contractedforisfirstNationalRegistersurveyofthedowntowncommercialareain1988.Thisstudyle$LtotheplacingofStillwater’sdowntowncommercialareaontheNationalRegisterin1991.In1992-3,theStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommission(HPC)receivedaCertifiedLocalGovernment(CLG)grantandsponsoredastudyofhistoriccontextsinthecity,conductedbyRobertC.VogelandAssociates.Thefinalreport,“StillwaterHistoricContexts:AComprehensivePlanningApproach,”wascompletedinJuly1993.TheStillwaterHPChasdividedthecity’sneighborhoodsintoHistoricPreservationPlanningAreas(HPPAs)andintendstoproceedwithsystematicsurveysofallStillwaterneighborhoodsoverthenextdecade.ThecurrentreportsummarizestheresultsofthesixthHPPAtobesystemicallysurveyed.TheeightprevioussurveyswereoftheNorthHill(OriginalTown)theSouthHill(OriginalTown),theGreeleyResidentialArea,theDutchtownResidentialArea,theHolcombe’sAdditionsResidentialArea,theHersey,Staples&Co,AdditionResidentialArea,theSouthHalfofCarli&Schulenburg’sAdditionResidentialArea,andtheWestOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionResidentialArea.7 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionResearchDesignTheprojectareawastheNEV4oftheNElAofSection33inTownship30N,Range20W.IncludedwithinthesurveyareaistheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditiontoStillwater.Wehavedoneathoroughstudyofthearea,despitetheconsiderabletimeandmoneyconstraints.Wehaveusedtheyearlytaxassessor'srecordscollectedintheStateArchivesandavailableonmicrofilm,1861-1900,attheStillwaterPublicLibrary-agiftofRivertownRestoration.Theserecordsweregeneratedmuchthesamewaytheyaretoday.Everyyearthetaxassessorviewedallthepropertiesinthecityandmadeanestimateofthemarketvalueofthelandandtheimprovements.Byfollowingapropertythroughtheyears,itisusuallypossibletodeterminewhenthevaluejumpedfromthatofalotonlytothatofalotwithabuildingonit.Thisrecordalsocontainsthenameofthepropertyownerthroughtheyears.Whilethiskindofresearchistediousintheextreme,itgaveusaccurateinformationthatcanbefoundinnootherway.(Twoprevioussurveyshaveusedthedateofthebuildingfoundontheassessmentcardatthetaxassessor'soffice.Beforetheturnofthecentury,thesedatesarenotoriouslyinaccurate,anadmissionreadilymadebythetaxassessor'sofficeitself.)RivertownRestorationrecentlypaidtohavetheStillwaterbuildingpermitapplications,1886-1940,microfilmed.They,alongwithanindexcompiledbyKayThueson,areavailableattheStillwaterPublicLibrary.Theapplicationsgivethedateofbuilding,thesizeofthestructure,nameoftheowner,sometimesthenameofthebuilderandarchitect,andotherincidentalinformation.Therearealsoapplicationsforrepairsandremodeling.Thisinformationwasinvaluableandessentialforthisstudy.ThereareusefulrecordsavailableintheWaterDepartment,theFireDepartment,andthePublicWorksDepartmentandintheMinutesoftheStillwaterCityCouncilthathaveneverbeenusedbefore.TheSanbornInsuranceMapsdidnotillustratetheresidentialarea,buttheywereusefulinfollowingthehistoryofthesomeofthebusinesses.Thereareanumberofunpublishedmanuscriptsandsomepublishedreminiscenceswhichcontainedusefulinformation,butsincetheyareofteninaccurate,weonlyquotedthemwhenwecouldverifytheirinformationfromanothersource.Ingeneral,weusedonlyoriginalsourcesforourresearch.8 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionForvisualaids,therearetwoBird’sEyeViewMapsofStillwaterdrawnin1869,andagainin1879.Withtheiraccuraterepresentationsofeachhouseandbuilding,thesewereextremelyuseful,andwereproducedsectionsofbothmapsinthetextofthisreport.Wetalkedtotheresidentsoftheareaincaseswherewehadsomeuncertainties;whenconvenientweobtainedcopiesofPropertyAbstracts.WealsousedthelandrecordsattheofficeoftheRecorderofDeeds.WealsousedtheStillwaterCityDirectories;consultedthelocalnewspapersonmicrofilmattheStillwaterPublicLibrary,andpursuedotherresearchmaterialsthatwereuseful.WeincorporatedtheinformationgleanedfromourresearchinthecontextofRobertVogel'sStillwaterHistoricContextsandotherresearchdonepreviouslyinStillwater.WereviewedthesurveyworkonthepropertiespreparedbytheStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommission.Weidentified,dated,andcatalogedthe135propertiesinthePreservationPlanningAreainthemannerrequiredbytheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.WediscussedthearchitecturalstylesinthePreservationPlanningAreaandcomparedthemtootherStillwaterneighborhoods.Wephotographedallproperties.Wehavepreparedareportthatdescribesthedevelopmentofthearea,recommendationsforfuturesurveywork,andevaluatedthepossibilityofpropertiesthatmightbeeligibleforlocalhistoricdesignationand/oreligiblefortheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.Wearenotmakinganynominationsourselves.WTehavediscussedanypossibleplanningmethodsforpreservationofhistoricstructures,landscapes,andneighborhoods.WehaveattendedthreemeetingswiththeStillwaterH.P.C.TheworkwasconductedbetweenNovember11st,2002andJuly1st,2003byDonaldEmpson,theprincipalinvestigatorandhiswife,KathleenVadnais.9 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionTHETHIRDSTREETHILLsmallnewsitemappearedintheStillwaterRepublicannewspaperonNovember2,1869:AClosingtheGap"TheThirdstreetgradeisrapidlyapproachingcompletion.Thegapbetweenthetwosidesofthefillissteadilybeingclosed,andaweekortwoofthekindofweatherwehavebeenhavingduringthepastfewdayswillenabletheworkmentocompletethejob.Gov.[Mayor]Holcombepromises,however,iftheweatherdoesnotpermitfinishingthework,thathewillcauseatemporarybridgetobemade,spanningthegap,fortheconvenienceofthescholarsthiswinter,whoresideinthenorthernportionofthecity.”TheSouthThirdStreethillbetweenChestnutandWillardStreetswasamassivepublicworksprojectthatincludedthefillingofamajorravineandgradingdownthroughthebluff.Formostofthe1850’sand1860’s,thecityfathersplannedandschemedtofindthewherewithaltobreachthebluff.In1867,constructionbeganonthenewWashingtonCountyCourthouseatthetopofthehill,andplanswerelaidforanewCentralhighschool—thelargestinStillwater—kittycornerfromthenewCourthouse.Openingastreetbetweenthehilltopanddowntownbecameimperative.Previousto1870,theSouthHill,orNelson’sField1asitwasthenknown,wasaccessibleonlybytheMainStreetstepsrisingtoSouthBroadway,orbyawindingpathsnakingdownaravine(namedNelson’sHollow)2whichspilledeastintoNelsonStreetandNelson’sAlley.3Unfortunatelyby1870,themenmostinvolvedinthisdevelopmentofwhatweknowtodayastheSouthHillwerealreadyintheirgraves.SocratesNelsonwasborninConway,(FranklinCounty)Massachusetts,January11,1814.Asayoungman,heattendedDeerfieldAcademybeforebecomingamerchantinConway.Attheageof25,he1MichaelKinsellaobituaryintheStillwaterGazette,December25,1878.HisstoreatWillardandFifthStreetswasin"whatisknownasNelson'sField.”2TheStillwaterRepublican,July21,18683EmmaGlasser,“HowStillwaterCametoBe,”inMinnesotaHistory24:195-206(September,1943)10 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionwanderedwesttoIllinoisprospectingandbuyingfurs.By1840,hewasintherapidlygrowingcityofSt.Louis,Missouri,wherehemetupwithhisfuturebusinesspartner,LeviChurchill.Fouryearslater,NelsonmarriedBerthaBartlett,awidowfromConwaywhohadcometoIllinoisafterthedeathofherhusband.Uponhismarriagein1844,NelsontookhiswifeandsomemercantilegoodsuponasteamboatnorthoptheMississippiRivertothenorthwesternfrontier:aSt.CroixRiverlandingwithanewlyerectedsawmill.There,ataplacecalledStillwater,hebuilthimselfahouseandstorenearwhattodaywouldbeapproximatelytheintersectionofNelsonStreetandSouthMainStreet.4SocratesNelson’sSt.Louispartner,LeviChurchill,wasalsoaYankee,bornonSeptember16,1813,inWoodstock,WindsorCounty,Vermont.HemarriedElizabethMarionProctoronOctober2,1844,inProctorsville,Vermont.TheymusthavemovedtoSt.Louisshortlyafterthewedding.6IntheoutpostsettlementofStillwater,SocratesNelson(Nelson’sWarehouse)collectedfurs,andsoldmerchandise.ThefurswereshippeddownrivertoSt.LouiswhereLeviChurchillsoldthefurs,andusedthemoneytobuymerchandisetoshipbackuprivertoNelson.SocratesalsoactedasatransferagentontheStillwaterlevee,receivingpackagesandothergoodsheadedfurtherupriverandinlandandarrangedtoforwardthemtotheirultimatedestination.HoweveritbecameobvioustotheresidentsofthefrontierTerritorythatthefuturelaynotinfursandtrading,butinlandandtownsites.Asoneofthefirstresidentsofthelocation,SocratesandBetseyNelson,andtheirSt.Louispartners,LeviandElizabethChurchill,splitthewaterfrontlandofStillwaterwithtwootherpioneersettlers.JosephR.Browntookthenorthernpartofthewaterfront,betweenwhatwouldbetodaythesiteoftheoldTerritorialPrisonandBrown’sCreek.JohnMcKusickboughtouthissawmillpartners,andclaimedtheareabetweentheoldprisonsiteandwhatistodayNelson’sAlley.NelsonandChurchill’sclaimextendedone-halfmilesouthofNelson’sAlley.Allthreeclaimsextendedthree-quartersofamilewestfromtheriver.Asonelocalhistorianputit:4FiftyYearsintheNorthwestbyW.H.C.Folsom,PioneerPressCompany,1888,Page59-59;HistoryofWashingtonCounty,NorthStarPublishingCompany,Minneapolis,1881.Page590.ThereseemstobesomequestionabouttheopinionthathewasatNelson’sLandingontheMississippiRiver.6ThisinformationcomesfromtwoInternetgenealogysites:LDSFamilySearchandwww.ancestry.com11 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition“In1845,averbalagreementwasmadewithregardtolandclaims,bywhich[JosephR.]Brown’sclaimwasrecognizedasextendingalongthelakeshorenorthofBattleHollow,wheretheMinnesotastateprisonnowstands.SouthofBattleHollow,alongthelakeshoretoNelson,extendingthree-fourthsofamilewest,wastheclaimofthemillcompany,originallyheldbyFisher.[ThisclaimwaspurchasedbyJohnMcKusick.]SouthofNelson’salley,one-halfmiledownthelake,three-fourthsofamilewest,wasS.Nelson’sclaim.”6Thisoriginalclaim,supplementedbysubsequentpurchases,madeSocratesandBetseyNelson,andLeviandElizabethChurchill,ownersofmuchofwhatistodayknownastheSouthHill.OneofthefirstpurchasesChurchillandNelsonmadeatthenewlandofficewhenitopenedinSt.CroixFalls,Wisconsinin1849wastheNElAofSection33,one-hundredandsixtyacresbetweenwhatistodayW.OrleansandW.WillardStreets;betweenS.HolcombeStreetandSixthAvenueS.7Churchillwasapparentlythepartnermoreactiveinlandspeculation;in1845,hewasoneofseveralproprietorsofthetownofFillmoreinAndrewCounty,Missouri.8ButlandwasnottheexclusivefocusofChurchillandNelson.SocratesNelsonwasinvolvedinanumberofcommercialventuresinthefledgingcityofStillwater.Hewasthefirstmerchant:tradinginfurs,hardware,householdgoods,andlumber.HewasadeveloperofBaytownTownship,andalongwithothers,builtasteamsawmillontheriverfrontofwhatistodayBayport.Hewasactiveinpubliclife,servingasterritorialauditorfrom1853to1857,andasastatesenator.Ofhispersonalnature,onehistorianrememberedhimas“Hewasofafreeandgenerousdispositioninallhisrelationsoflife.”9FiftyYearsintheNorthwestbyW.H.C.Folsom.PioneerPressCompany,1888.Pages40-41.7Landcertificates#30,31;2Deeds612,613.TheMissouriHistoricalReview.VolumeX,April1916,Number3.Page1979FiftyYearsintheNorthwestbyW.H.C.Folsom,PioneerPressCompany,1888.Pages58-859.12 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionNEViofSection33T30N,R20WS.HolcombeStreet*XIo£wn$$oQ*Is*5!Z>Ct-S.FourthStreetCfl5W&aSurveyArek40AcresSixthAvenueS.East54ofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAddition13 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionTHEFEVERnthewesternfrontieroftheUnitedStates,the1850’swereboomyears,andoptimismwasatanall-timepeak.TheeasternpartofMinnesota,anditscities,includingStillwater,weregrowingrapidly,andtheonethingeverynewcomerneededwasland:landtofarm,landtoliveon,landforcommercialenterprise.'ThebusinessmenofStillwaterwerewellawareofthisdemand,andmanyofthemboughttractsoflandtodevelopintobuildinglots.oStillwaterbeganwithasawmillin1844.Fiveyearslater,whenMinnesotabecameaTerritory,thepopulationwasestimatedat609.10Ayearlaterthepopulationhadjumpedto1,052.Mostoftheresidentslivedinwhatisthedowntownareatoday.Butboomtimeslayahead.ThousandsofimmigrantswerepouringintotheTerritory,andthepriceoflandwasrisingrapidly.Throughtheearly1850’s,thepriceoflanddoubled,anddoubledagain.ThefeveroflandspeculationstrucktheTerritory.Withthecontinuinginfluxofnewcomers,allofwhomneededaplacetolive,howcouldthepriceoflandnotcontinuetorise—orsothespeculatorreasoned.By1854,thespeculationinlandpriceswasjustbeginninginearnest,peakingintheyear1857,whenitisestimatedthatinMinnesota,atleast700townswereplattedintomorethan300,000buildinglots-enoughfor1,500,000people.11Stillwaterdidnotescapethespeculationfever.TheSt.CroixUnionnewspaperwasdelightedtopointoutthat:“Abouttwoyearsago,Hersey,Staples&Co.gave$600foralot[which]lastweeksoldfor$3000toMr.Dodge...WeaddthatwhenHerseyStaples&Co.madetheaforesaidpurchase,manythoughttheyhadgivenaveryhighprice...huttimewillprovethatthelotwillincreaseasrapidlyinvalue,inthenexttwoyears,asithasdoneinthetwojustpassed.Mr.Dodgehasalreadybeenoffered$500advanceonwhathegave.OurfaithinStillwaterisunbounded.”1210TheodoreC.Blegen.MinnesotaAHistoryoftheState.U.ofMinnesotaPress.1963.Page159.“WilliamWattsFolwell.AHistoryofMinnesota.St.Paul,TheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety,1956.Vol.l,page362.12St.CroixUnion,August6,1856.14 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionOnanotheroccasion,theeditorstruckbackatanywhomightdoubtthefuture.“LessthantwoyearsagotheysneeredatStillwater’sbeinganythingoutsidetheBasin,orOriginalLimits[ofdowntown].Wewellrecollectthatwewerelaughedat,bysome,forpitchingourtentoutinHolcombe’sAddition—itbeingthenawildunbrokenwilderness.Bupwhatarenowthefacts?Thereareover100housesouttherenow—someofthemfirstclass—andabout600inhabitants.Lotswhich,whenwelocatedthere[twoyearsago]couldbehadfor$25cannotnowbepurchasedforlessthanahundreddollars—andtheyareconstantlyrising.Lots...havebeenenhancedinvaluefour-foldwithinthepasttwoyears,andthewaywereadthesignsofthetimes,theylackmuchofhavingreachedtheirmaximum.13MOREADDITIONS\nticipatingquickprofitsintheland.StillwaterentrepreneursdidjLJLwhatothersthroughoutthesettledportionsofMinnesotaTerritoryweredoing:theyplattedmoreAdditions.Thetrickwas,theyreasoned,tobuythelandbytheacreandsellitbythe-foot."STILLWATERFOREVERAnotherAdditiontoStillwaterAdditionstoStillwaterarealltheragenow.Withinafewdayspast,JacobMaertyhassoldtoJoshuaB.CarterandGov.Ramsey,140acresoflandlyingwestofStillwaterandadjoiningHolcombe'sAddition,for$7000.Itissoontobesurveyedintotownlots.Werejoicetoseethismovement.TherearenowthreeheavySt.PaulcapitalistsandspeculatorsdeeplyinterestedinStillwater;viz:R.F.Slaughter,Col.HM'Kenty,andGov.Ramsey.WearegladtoknowthatSt.Paulspeculatorsarevitallyinterestedhere,becauseitarguesthattheynowseewhatwesawnearlythreeyearsago;thatis,thatStillwaterisdestinedinevitablytobeagreatplace.TheynowseethatStillwaterisnota'one-horsetown,chuckeddownamongthehillsinthesand.'TheynowseethatStillwaterhas13St.CroixUnion,December5,1856.15 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionunrivaledadvantages-thatshehasmuchcapital-thataRail-RoadistocomehereprobablybeforeonerunstoSt.Paul,andthatStillwaterisrapidlyadvancinginallthatcontributestomaterialprosperityandgreatness.’14HURRAHFORSTILLWATER"InJanuaryof1857,justasthelandspeculationwasreachingitsheight,ChurchillandNelsonbegantoact.OnJanuary12,theydeededanundividedone-halfoftheNEVtofSection33(40acres)toRobertF.SlaughterofSt.Paulfor$5,000.15Slaughter,whowasinvolvedinseveralotherAdditionsinStillwater,wasaconsummaterealestatesalesman;hisspecialtywassellinglocallotstoout-of-statespeculators.16ThefollowingMay,Slaughtersoldone-halfofhisportiontoHilaryB.HancockofthetownofMinneapolis.HancockwasthetwinbrotherofGeneralWinfieldScottHancock;bothbrothersweregraduatesofWestPoint.HilarymovedtoMinneapolisin1856;hewasanattorneyfortheMinneapolisMillCompanyfrom1858-1872,followedbyaprivatelawpractice.17Hancockpaid$2,500forhis20acres.18OnJune15,1857,thefourmenandtheirwives:LeviandElizabethChurchill,SocratesandBetseyNelson,RobertandNancySlaughter,andHilaryB.HancockplattedChurchill,Nelson,&Slaughter’sAdditiontoStillwater.Buttheirtimingwasverybad.AslateasFebruary,1857,thefuturelookedbright:19“RealEstateandBusinessinStillwaterThepriceoflandinourcityandvicinityhasadvancedwithastonishingrapidityduringthelasttwoyears,andfrompresentappearancesweshallseestillgreaterimprovementsin14St.CroixUnion,December12,1856.isHDeeds7516ThereismoreonSlaughterinthisauthor’sbook:AHistoryoftheGreeleyResidentialArea.SlaughtermayhavelivedinStillwaterforawhile;therewereacoupleofliensfiledagainsthimforhouseshebuilt.17BiographyIndex,MinnesotaHistoricSociety18HDeeds42219APlats12916 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchillNelson&Slaughter’sAdditionthefuture.DuringtheweekpastMr.H.R.MurdockpurchasedtenacresoflandadjoiningCoopersAddition,fromMr.Slaughter,for$100peracre.Twoyearsagothissamelandwassoldforfivedollarsperacre.ThreethousandsevenhundreddollarshavebeenrecentlyofferedbyMr.Gorgas,thebanker,foralotonMainstreet,cornerofChestnut—25-feetfrontand80-feetdeep—andrefused.Theowners—theMessrs.Murdock,Druggists—intendtobuildasplendidstonebuildingonitinthespring.Thisisattherateofabout$150afront-foot,andbeitrememberedthatthewholelot,ofwhichthisisonlyapart,alittleoverayearago,soldfor$10afront-foot.This,tosaytheleast,isaveryfairadvance.Thereareyetmanysplendidinvestmentsandfortunestobemadeinthiscity—whichis,asyet,initsinfancy—andevery,daypresentsnewevidencesofitsfuturegreatness...Oneverysidepreparationsarebeingmadefortheerectionofcapaciouswarehouses;substantial—andinsomeinstances—fineprivatedwellings,andeverythingpromisesaseasonofunprecedentedprosperity.”20Thefourpartnersmusthavehadvisionsofsugarplumsdancingintheirheads.Withcloseto500lotsforsaleinthisAdditionalone,theirfuturewasassured.THECRASH/~\nthe24thofAugust,1857,theOhioLifeInsuranceandTrustV-/CompanyofNewYorkfailed;itscreditorswereforcedtodefault,andacalamitouschainofeventsspreadacrosstheUnitedStates.Withintwomonths,almosteverybodyinMinnesotawasindebt;theMinnesotaTerritorywasliterallyemptiedofcash.Citylotsbecamevirtuallyworthless.Thosewhowereformerlywealthyfoundthemselvesbankrupt.Stillwaterboosterswereindespair,andthecitywasnevertofullyrecoveritsboundlessoptimismafterthisDepressionof1857.WritingofSt.Paul,ThomasNewsondescribedwhatwasalsotrueofStillwater:20St.CroixUnion,February13,1857.17 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition“Andthencametheterriblyhardtimes.Withnomoney,novalues,noproperty,nobusiness,littleornoemigration,nobanks,orbankswithemptyvaults,nocourage,nohope,notesdue,mortgagesforeclosed,menheavilyindebt,landdepreciatedfromfiftytoseventy-fivepercent,notrade,indeedwithnothingtotrade,nofoundationtobuildon,noonecanimaginethefrightfulconditionofaffairsinSt.Paulinthelatterpartoftheyear1857buthewhopassedthroughitall..."21TheStillwaterDemocrat,onJanuary1,1859,editorialized:"AHappyNewYeartoourFriendsandPatrons.Eighteenhundredandfiftyeight,withitspanicsandmonetaryconvulsions,itsdepressionoftradeanddepreciationinvalueofallandeverykindofpurchaseableandponderablegoodsandestates,has,thankgoodness,departedforever...”ThepopulationofStillwaterhaddeclined,andallplansforthefuturewereputonhold.Acoupleofthelocalbanks,notbeingabletoobtaincash,printedtheirownbanknotes,andWashingtonCountywasforcedtoissueitsownscrippayableagainsttaxdollarsthatweredifficult,ifnotimpossible,tocollect.In1857,beforethecrash,Churchill&NelsonmanagedtosellonlyacoupleoflotsinBlock10.Butastheeconomycollapsed,andtherealestatemarketwithered,Nelson,asthepartnerresidentinStillwater,realizedthatthesaleofhislotswouldultimatelydependuponbetteraccesstothetopoftheSouthHill.Topromotehisproperty,Nelsondidwhatmanyotherlanddevelopersandspeculatorsdidinthenineteenth(andtwentieth)centuries:theydonatedsomeoftheirlotsforapublicdevelopment,inthiscase,theydonatedawholeblockforthebuildingofanewWashingtonCountyCourthouseonPineandSouthThirdStreets.Thiswasnotanactofaltruisticgenerosityonthepartofthepartners;theyknewthebuildingofaCourthousewouldmaketheirownlotssurroundingthecourthousemuchmorevaluable.NotonlywouldthesaleoftheirlotsbenefitfrombusinessesandworkerswishingtoliveneartheCourthouse;thedeveloperswouldalsobenefitbecausethecitywouldfinallybeforcedtoprovideeasyandquickaccessuptheblufftotheCourthouse.21T.M.Newson.PenPicturesofSt.Paul.MinnesotaandBiographicalSketchesofOldSettlers.BytheAuthor,St.Paul,1886.Page698.18 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionAsChurchillandNelsonanticipated,thebuildingofthenewCourthouseservedastheimpetusforotherdevelopment.Anew,large,andverygrandpublicschool,CentralSchool,wasconstructedkitty-cornerfromtheCourthouse,andacrossSouthThirdStreet,FatherMichaelMurphypaidtheastronomicalsumof$4,000.in1871forthreeofthebestlotsinthecityonwhichhebuiltthenewSt.Michael’sChurch.WiththebuildingoftheCourthouseandotherinstitutionsnearby,andtheopeningoftheThirdStreethill,thelotsinChurchill,NelsonandSlaughter’sAdditionbegantosell,houseswerebuilt,andtheneighborhoodbegantotakeshape.Butthetwomenmostresponsibleforthesechangeswerebothdead.LeviChurchillhaddiedattheyoungageof44inSt.Louis,Missouri,onChristmasEve,1857.Hisverybriefobituary—thepenaltyfordyingonaholiday,nodoubt—read:DIED—Ofconsumption,onThursdayevening,the24thinst.,LeviChurchill,aged44years.ThefuneralwilltakeplacefromthetheChurchoftheMessiah,cornerofOliveandNinthstreets,onSundayat2o'clock,P.M.Vermontpaperspleasecopy.”22Hehadlefthisentireestatetohiswife,ElizabethM.Churchill.Elizabeth,inturn,assignedresponsibilityfortheaffairsoftheStillwaterpartnershiptoherbrother,JohnProctor,anattorneyandawell-knownStillwaterresident.23SocratesNelsonhaddiedonMay6,1867attheageof53.Hisheirswerehiswife,Betsey,andhisonesurvivingdaughter,EmmaA.Nelson.Socratesleftanestateofconsiderablevalue.Hishouseholdgoodswereappraisedat$448.includingaveryexpensive$50.double-barreledshotgun.(Bycontrast,hisfourfeatherbedswereonlyvaluedat$30.00,andawalnutdiningtablewasvaluedat$3.).HisMainStreetstoreinventorywasvaluedat$9770.Hisaccountspayablewerevaluedat$13,416.givinghimtotalassetsinpersonalpropertyof$23,303.Inadditiontothis,hisrealestate,consistingoflotsinStillwaterandBaytown,wereappraisedat$63,990.Thetotalvalueofhisestatewascloseto$100,000.agreatdealofmoneywhentheaveragewagewas$2.aday,andyoucouldbuyamodesthousefor$500.24HisbusinessaffairsweretobecontinuedbyBetseyandalocalbusinessmanandsurveyor,HarveyWilson.Theothertwopartners:RobertSlaughterandHilaryB.Hancock,discouragednodoubtbythepanicof1857,soldtheirclaimtoChurchill&22MissouriRepublican,December27,1857.23Will#51,WashingtonCountyProbateCourt.OnJune21,1858,ElizabethChurchillgavethefirstofmanyPowersofAttorneytoactforher.DBonds3424Will#155,WashingtonCountyProbateCourt19 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionNelsoninAugustof1857for$5,000.00.25IbelieveSlaughtermovedtoSt.Peter,Minnesota;HancockdiedinMinneapolisin1908attheageof84.Hisobituarysaid:“HilaryHancockwasoneofthefinestcharacterswhoeverlivedinMinneapolis.Hiswasafinelegalmindandfewmenweremoreconscientiousandthoroughthanheineverythingheundertook.”26AMARRIAGE/^\nSeptember26,1871,thebusinessofChurchillandNelsontookanotherturn.Emma,theheirandonlysurvivingdaughterofSocratesNelson,marrieda28-year-olddapperandpromisingStillwaterattorney,FayetteMarsh.Oneofthefirstordersofbusinesswastobuildasplendidnewhouseforthefamily.Thehouseat516S.Broadway,whichcostaround$15,000wasaresplendentconglomerationofbrackets,bays,porches,allinamoreorlessfashionableFrenchSecondEmpireStyle.InNovemberof1880,EmmaNelsonMarshdiedleavingthreechildren.Inherwill,wefindthatthe$100,000estateleftherbyherfathersome13yearsearlierhasbeenreducedbyone-third.Emma’spersonalassetsincludedbankstock,promissorynotesandcashworth$9,131.Thevalueofherrealestatewasreckonedat$57,275,whichincludedthevalueoftheSouthBroadwayhouseat$13,000.Fromherpersonalestate,herhusband,Fayette,wastoreceive$3,043.23;eachofthethreechildren,EllaN.Marsh,NelsonOrrisMarsh,andFaithMarsh,weretoreceive$2,029.23.Fayettewastheadministratorofthewill,anditwashistasktocontinuemanagingtherealestateinterestsoftheestate.However,therewasapparentlysomedifferenceofopinionovertheadministrationoftherealestatebetweenFayetteandhismother-in-law,BetseyNelson,Socrates’widow.InafivepagememorandumbetweenthetwoheirsofSocrates,whichreads,inpart,“...certaindifferenceshavearisenbetween[Fayette]andBetseyD.Nelsonrespectingtherightsandinterestin...theresidueoftheestateofSocratesNelson,deceasedwhich...consistsprincipallyincertainrealestatesituatedinthecityofStillwater..."FayetteagreedtopayBetseyamonthlyallowancefromtheproceedsoftherealestate.Asanindicationoftheamountsconcerned,thereisanoteinthewillthattherentsreceivedfromthepropertieswas$4,270betweenNovember23,1880andNovember1,1882.2726IDeeds302.26TherearenorecordeddocumentstoexplainwhathappenedtoSlaughterandHancock’stitletotheproperty.MinneapolisJournal,February26,1908,pages1&9.27WillofEmmaNelsonMarsh,#535inWashingtonCountyProbateCourt.20 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionButBetseyNelsonwasapparentlynottheonlyoneFayetteMarshhaddifficultywith.Thebeleagueredson-in-law,whohadanunfortunateandultimatelyfataladdictiontoalcohol,wasapparentlyaccusedoflivingoff,oratleastusinghiswifeandmother-in-lawsmoneyforhisownextravagantpurposes.Inaletterofjustificationtohischildren,accompanyinganaccountbook,hewrote:"TheaccountwhichissetforthjustaboveisasyouperceivetheaccountfromthetimewefinishedbuildingtheHouse[516S.Broadway]uptothetimeofyourMother'sDeath.Thehistoryofthatperiodisthis.Inordertoexplaintheaccountfrom1873-4whenwefinallyclosedupHousebuildinguntil1876Mrs.NelsoncontinuedthebusinessoftheChurchill&NelsonEstate.Yourmother's[EmmaNelson]propertywasourhalfofthatestate.AndyouwillfindthatIhavechargedtomyselfallthatwhichIreceivedfromhimduringthatperiod,evenwhenitwasdelivereddirectlytoyourGrandMother.ThislasteduntiltheFallof1876atwhichtimeHarveyWilson[atrusteeunderSocratesNelson’swill]died.ThenforaboutoneyearorperhapsalittlemoreMr.JohnProctor,thebrotherofMrs.Churchill,whowastheowneroftheotherhalfoftheestateranthebusiness;andIhavechargedmyselfwithallofthecashwhichIobtainedfromhim.TherewasnoothersourcefromwhichIreceivedanybelongingtoyourMotherduringthatperiod,soIchargeditalltomyself.Duringthatperiodalso-thefallof1876-yourGrandMother[BetseyNelson]residedwithmeandIpaidtheentireexpensesofmyfamilyandofyourGrandMotherexceptforasfarasshepurchasedclothingorexpendedmoneywhichwasdrawnfromMr.Wilsonwhichmoneyyouwillfindchargedtomeintheaccountssetforth.Butthemoneyturnedovertoherforherespecialusewasalsocreditedbacktoherinthesameaccountsothatmadeitstandinthisway:FromthetimewequitbuildingtheHouseupto1876IsupportedyourGrandMotherexceptastoherspendingmoneyandsomemoneywhichsheusedforthepurchaseofclothingthatshereceivedfromMr.Wilsonthroughmeasindicatedintheaccount.ThiscontinuedtobethecaseduringtheadministrationoftheestatebyMr.Proctorwhichlasteduntilsometimein1877.Exceptthathesomiserablymanagedtheaffairsoftheestatethatbutlittlemoneywasreceivedwhichmightbedisbursed.YouwillobservebythisaccountcontainedintheoldWilsonBook,whichwillbepresentedforyou,thathemusthavelostmostoftherentsandindeedmadeaverylameattemptatrunningthebusinessoftheEstate.ItwastheactualdesireofbothpartiesthattheEstateshouldthenbedivided:ItwasdonesoinaverysatisfactorywayIbelievetobothofthem.^28Previousto1877,thedeedsinChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionweresignedbyallparties:JohnProctor(forElizabethChurchill),BetseyNelson,EmmaandFayetteMarsh.Whentheestatewasdivided,certainlotsweredeededtoChurchill,andcertainlotsweredeededtoNelson’sheirs.2821 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAddition”Nowatthedivisionoftheestateacertainlotofnoteswereturnedovertomeastheagentofyourmother;apartofthemneverwerecollected;allofthosethatwerecollectedyouwillfindinthelistchargedtomyaccountonpage14ofthisBook.Threeofthenoteswerenotcollectedandyouwillfindthemchargedtomyaccount.AtthetimeofthedivisionoftheestatetherewasnopropertyexceptcertainbankstockintheLumbermansNationalBankandintheFirstNationalBankofStillwater,thesecertainpromissorynotesandtherealestate.TherealestateofwhichIspeakwasconveyedtoherbyDeed.YouwillfindthesedeedsrecordedintheofficeoftheRegisterofDeedsattheCourtHouse.[3Deeds116]Therewerethreeofthesedeeds.Thedeedsthatweresorecordeddescribedalloftherealestatethatwasconveyedtoyourmotheratthattime.Iencloseinthisbookandattachtoitmapsshowingwherethatrealestatewassituated.Thecoloredpiecesonthemapsindicatetheestateswhichwereconveyedtoyourmotheratthattime.Itcontainedacompletedescriptionofallthatwasconveyedtoher;nothinghasbeenomitted.InordertoshowyouthatIaccountforeverypieceofRealEstatesoldIhavejotteddownuponthesemapsoneachlotthenumberoftheitemandthepageswhereyouwillfindthatIhavebeenchargedwithit.ThisissothatyoumaybeperfectlyconvincedthatIhaveaccountedforeveryfootofrealestatewhichwasdeededtoyourmotherorofwhichshewasthelawfulowner.WhenIdothatandaccountforthepromissorynotesreceivedandforthecashreceivedfromMr.ProctorandMr.WilsonIhaveabsolutelyaccountedforeverydollarsworthofpropertyofhersthatIevertouchedorhandled."TherewasalsocertainotherrealestatewhichwasnominallyorapparentlyconveyedtoyourMother.Thedeedofthathasneverbeenrecorded.Thereasonforthatwasthis:BeforethedivisionofthepartnershippropertytherewasquiteanumberoflotsconveyedbywayofBondforDeed[similartoourContractforDeed]andnotesgiventherefore.Inmanyinstancesthetaxeswerenotpaiduponit,thereforethedeedofthatcouldnotberecorded.ThesenotesgivenforthemarethesamenoteswhichIhavechargedmyselftwicebecausetheywerealreadysoldandabondgivenforadeedso.thattherealestatereallywasnotours.Thebondonlygivingusalienortitletothepropertyuntilthenoteswerepaid.Whenthenoteswerepaidthepropertybecametheirs.ThereforeIoughtonlytochargemyselfwiththenotes.”[ManyofthelotsinthisadditionwerenotconveyedwithaWarrantyDeedtothenewownersuntilseveralyearsaftertheownershadbuiltahomeonthelot.WhatFayettereferstoaboveisanintermediate(unrecorded)instrumenthecalledaBondforDeed,muchlikeourContractforDeed.ItwasusedtoconveythepropertyuntilalaterWarrantyDeedwasissuedbyChurchillorNelson]22 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAddition“IfyouarenotsatisfieduponthispointshowthisparagraphtoanyrealestateLawyeroranycompetentLawyerandhewilltellyouthatIamstatingjustwhatthelegalrightsofthecaseareandthatIshouldsochargemyselfjustasIhavedoneandinnootherway.AndyouwilldiscussbytheexaminationofthisaccountandthebooksofHarveyWilsonandthemapswhichareattachedtothisBookandthedeedswhichareuponrecordattheCourtHouserecordedintheyear1877,aboutthemonthofMay,thatIhaveaccountedforeverynoteandeverydollarinmoneythatIeverreceivedofyourmother'sandeverypieceofrealestatethatIeversoldofhersuptoandincludingtheyear1880,theaccountclosingonthe23rddayofNovember1880,thedayyourmotherdied."LetmestatethepropositionbroadlytoyouthatfromthetimethatImarriedyourmotherin1871tothe23rddayofNovember,1880,1furnishedtheentiresupportofmyfamilywithouttheuseofaDollarofyourmother'smoney.ThatsuchmoneyofhersasIdidreceivewasexpendedasyouseebytheaccountforherbenefitandintheprotectionofherpropertyandinthebuildingofvaluableBuildingsuponherestate."WhenIcametotakechargeoftheEstateandthedivisionwasmadetherewasonlyonebuildinguponthepropertysaveandexceptourHomestead.TherewasnopropertythatwouldpayanincomeasyouperceiveexceptthisbuildingknownastheoldWillardBuildingwhichwasstandingatthetimethatIwritethisexplanation.ThatwasrentedforfivehundredDollarsperyear.Thetaxesontheproperty,itbeingalloutlyinglots,wasaboveTwelveHundredDollarsperyear.Youcanseethatinsteadofbeingahelptousitwasapositivenuisanceandburden.YetnotwithstandingthistruthallofthoseyearsInecessarilyhadtobearthehumiliationandreproachofthecurrentbeliefinsociety,reiterateduponeverypossibleopportunitybythefriendsofMrs.NelsonthatIwasbeingsupportedoutofthepropertybelongingtoyourmother.Yourmotherunderstooditcorrectlyandusedeverypossibleendeavorshecouldtocorrectsuchamisapprehensionandinallrespectsinreferencetoitbehavedtowardmelikeanoblewomanwhichshewas.Inhertherewasnofaulteitherinreferencetothatoranythingelse.Thiswillcloseuptheaccountto1880atthetimeofherdeath.ThenexttwoyearstheaccountwasfiledwiththeProbateCourt.Itconsistedinthecollectionofvariousnoteswhichwehadatthattimeandinthesaleofsomecertainrealestate.IwillindicateuponthemapwhattheRealEstatewas.TheaccountwillonlybetheaccountjustasIfileditintheProbateCourtatthattimeandnothingmore.FromthattimeforwardIwillcontinuetheaccountsoastoshowthatIhaveaccountedforeverypieceofproperty,moneyoranyotherthinghadorownedbyyourmother.23 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition“AsIhaveabovestatedIfoundthepropertywasoutlyingandproducingnoincomeinmyjudgementandInowbelieveitwasthebestbusinessjudgementinordertosecureanincomeformywifeandchildrenincaseofmydeathandIthoughtthatthisoutlyingpropertyoughttobesoldandconvertedintomoneyandbuildingsbuiltuponthatportionoftheestatelyinguponMainStreetinthecityofStillwaterwhereitwouldbringagoodrent.AsyouseebytheaccountsIhaveaccomplishedforthatpurposethebuildingsarebuilt:andifyounoticethelargerrentswithwhichmyaccounthasbeenchargedsincethatdateyouwillperceivethatitwasagoodbusinessjudgement.“ThispropertywillbeturnedovertoyouinyourdueproportionswhenyouarriveatLawfulage,anduponmyDeathbythetermsofmywill.YouwillinheriteveryDollarsworthofit,everydollarsworthofpropertyofwhichyourmotherdiedpossessedtogetherwithmuchotherpropertyandlifeinsurancewhichIshallbeabletoconferuponyou.Idothiswithonlythedesireofaccountingtoyouforallofyourmother'sestate.Ishallneitherpermitmywife[hehadremarried]oranyoneelsetoinheritadollarsworthofthepropertythatbelongedtoyourmother.AfterthecloseoftheaccountwhichIshalladdandwhichisfiledintheProbateCourtIwillgoonwiththereceiptsanddisbursementsfromthatdateuntilthepresent,andfromtimetotimewhileIliveIshallkeepupthisaccount.AndIsayhere,thatincaseIshalllive,afterIcompleteonemorebuildinguponthatpropertyIshallfeelthatIhavemadesacrificesenoughinthelaborIhavebestoweduponitandshallfeelatlibertytousetheincomeinexcessforwhatIhavedonewiththemoney.”29Apartfromthedifficultieswithhisin-laws,FayetteMarshdidnotappeartobeapopularfigureinStillwater.Theoccasionalnewspapermentionwasgenerallynotfavorable:TakentotheCityHospitalLasteveningaboutsixo’clockChiefGlennontookFayettemarshouttothecityhospital.Mr.Marshhasbeendrinkingveryheavilyduringthepastfewweeksandisinadeplorable29Thisdocument,alongwithotherinformationonChurchillandNelson,isfromthegrandsonofNelsonOrrisMarsh(whowasasonofEmma&FayetteMarsh),RichardHuseth,11007SpicewoodParkway,Austin,TX78750.RichardwasextremelyhelpfulingatheringinformationonChurchillandNelson.24 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditioncondition.HewillbetreatedatthehospitalandifhedoesnotimprovehehaybesenttotheRochesterasylum.P.S.Marshdidn’tremainatthehospital,butcamedowntownthismorning.HesaysheisgoingtoPineCity.30ThisisthewaythatMarshtalkedtoaPioneerPressreporteraboutthemannerinwhichsenatorCastlebecameadelegatetotherecentdemocraticcountyconventionheldhere:“Yousee,thesenatorisalawyer.Theysaythathewentuptooneofthecountrydelegatesandsaid:“Wedon’twantyourvote,butwewantyoutogiveusyourproxy.Now,ifyou’llgiveittome,I’llpayyou$50.I’llgiveyou$40forthatoldcowyouwanttosellme,andthatisn’tworth$20,andwhenthatlawsuitaboutthatcordofwoodthatyoustolecomesup,I’lldefendyoufornothing.Ifthatisn’tenough,whatdoyouwant?”Mr.Marshwouldn’tfurnishdocumentaryevidenceofwhathesaid,thoughMr.Castle,whowaspresent,didnotdenyit.31REMINISCENCESInhisreminiscenceofStillwaterinthe1880’and‘90s,AlbertCaplaziwrotein1944:“AtthattimeElliotsonthenorthwestcornerandDay’sonthenortheastcornerof4thandHancockstreetswerethelasthouseson4thstreet.Revoir’s[916SouthThirdStreet]whereSchindler'sshoerepairshopisnowwasthelastplaceon3rd.Theroadrantherediagonallytotheracetrack[AthleticField]andondownthroughthewoodstoOakPark.Thehouseontheeastsideof2ndSt.aboutthemiddleoftheblockbetweenChurchillandHancockSt.wasinthewoods.ItwasbuiltbyMr.Mahaney,aplastererandwasplasteredontheoutside.AbeRohbacklivedtherelater.“Lumberandlaborwascheapinthe'70’s&‘80’sitissaid.ConradDrechslerwhooperatedtheCasinoSaloononthenortheastcornerofChestnutandUnionbuiltafinelargeresidenceonthenorthwestcornerofWillardand5thinthelateseventiesfor30StillwaterDailyGazette,September22,1897.31StillwaterDailyGazette,August11,1888.25 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition$2,200.HermanSteinhorst.wasthebuilder.[Steinhorstalsobuilt805S.6thSt.]A.M.DoddlivedonthesouthwestcornerofWillardand5thatthattimeCharlesLustiglivedtherelater.[313W.Willard]."Manyfamilieskeptacowortwointheseventiesandearlyeighties.Therewaslotsoffreepasture,fromHancockSt.southtoOakParkandHighway212andwesttoLilyLakewasnearlyallwoods.There'wasnoherdlaw,cowscouldrunatlarge.Theywouldbeturnedoutinthemorningandcomehomeintheeveningtobemilked.AboutthattimeinthelateseventiesCityClerkE.A.HopkinsbuiltthefourthhousesouthofWillardStreetonthewestsideof4thandwhilehelivedtherehiscowgavebirthtofourcalvesallaliveallwhitewithredearsandnose.inexperiencedcowman,gavethecalvestoomuchrope.Theygottangledupintheropesandhungthemselves.Theywereprettycalves,butMr.Hopkinswasan“FromHancockSi.southtoFairviewCemeteryandfrom4thstreetwesttoHolcombeSt.wasfortyacresofwoods,whichwascleared,brokenandsowedtograininthelateseventies....ItwascalledMarsh’sField.Mrs.MarshwasBetseyNelson[actuallyitwasEmmaNelson/,thedaughterofSocratesNelsonwhoownedmuchofthelandinthatvicinity....AtthattimeintheeveningyoucouldheartheWhipporwillandothernightbirdswhicharenotheardanymore.“TheSouthHillfromWillardtoHancockwascalledNelsonsfieldafterSocratesNelsonwhoownedthelandin1872AlbertCaplazibuiltahouseonthesouthwestcornerofFourthandWillard[704/706S.4thSt.]andatonetimehadadairyofabout15cows,untiltheherdlawwentintoeffectabout1885whenthecowswerenotallowedtorunatlarge,manyintheneighborhoodcameandgottheirmilkfreshatmilkingtime,morningandevening.“OtherearlyresidentsofSouth4thSt.wereDeStaffeni[710S.4thSt./,whereJoeGiossilivesnow.CityclerkE.A.Hopkins,Mealy[802S.4thSt.],Crimmins,Barry[810S.4thSt.],Goodman[816S.4thSt.],LeMoine[826S.4thSt.],Elliot[1022S.4thSt.],Sinclair[719S.4thSt],Barrow[Barron,801S.4thSt.],Kilty[807S.4thSt.],WardWhite,Crowley[921S.4thSt.],McGee,Sutherland[1009S.4thSt.],Day,Carroll[924S.4thSt.]andothers.26 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionOn3rdwereO’Shaunessy,[703S.3rdSt.]McCarthy,[911S.2ndSt.]Foran,[821S.3rdSt.]Capron,[822S.3rdSt.]Roney,Richardson,Tozer,[704S.3rdSt.]Joy,[904S.3rdSt.]Burlingham,[905S.3rdSt.]Stewart[906S.3rdSt.]andother.JohnRoneylivedonthenortheastcornerofWillardand2nd.GolRicelywasstabledthereandonedayitissaidhegotloose,thewomenfolkshadapiecoolingonthewindowsill,Goll(horse)Ricelycamealongandatethepie.DailylivedonthesouthwestcornerofWillardand2nd...?“Oct10,1875,afineOctoberSundayaboutnoontherewasmadeawingshotthatdon’thappenveryoften,alargeflockofgeesewereflyingNorth,theywerehigh,sohightheyappearedaboutthesizeofatwomonthsoldchick.AMr.RoettgerlivedinthethirdhousefromthesouthwestcornerofChurchilland5th[912S.5thSt.].Heshotatthosegeesetwicefromhisdoorstep,whentheygothalfwaybetweenChurchillandWillardover5thagooseturnedandheadedsouth,sheheldthereamomentandthenshebegantotumbleoverandovershewentandstruckafenceandbrokethetoponebysixinchfenceboardedgewisebackofwhereHooley’smeatmarketisnow,cornerof4th&Churchill.Itwassurprisingthesizeofthatgoose,theylookedsosmallintheair.Shewasdarkcoloredandweighedabouttenpounds.Itwasquiteasighttoseethatgoosecometumblingdownfromsuchaheight.TheIrishChurch[St.Michaels/hadjustletoutsoitattractedalargecrown.Mr.RoettgerlatermovedtoafarminWisconsinbetweenHoultonandSomerset.“AterriblethinghappenedbetweentheIrishChurchandHooley’sbutchershoponSundayaboutnoonlateinNovemberinthelateeighties.Mr.Raticanlivingonthenortheastcornerof6th&Hancock[1021S.6thSt.]boughtateamofhorsesforthewoods.Theywerelarge,youngandfrisky.Theywerebeingledtowater.GeorgeRaticanabout12yearold,wasleadingoneofthehorses.Hehadlearnedfromsomeonewhoworkedattheboomtomakeahitchwhichtheyusedtotielogstogether.Hemadeahitcharoundhiswrist.Therewasawaterfountaininthetriangleat4th,WillardandLocustbutthewaterwasshutoffforthewinter,sotheyhadtogodownon3rdattheheadofChestnutonthewaybackjustastheygotinfrontofSt.Michael’sChurchthebellstruck12o’clock—churchout,thehorseboltedandstartedtoruntheboycouldn’tholdhimandhecouldn’tletgoashewashitchedtotheendofthehalterrope.Thehorse27 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionturnedonLocustdown4thrunningawaywiththeboydanglingattheendofthehalterropewhenthehorseturnedonChurchilltheboy'sbrainswerespatteredonthesidewalkandthesideofHooley’sMeatMarketontheS.W.cornerof4thandChurchill.”In1885,anotherprincipalintheChurchillandNelsonbusinessdied.BetseyNelson,thewifeofSocrates,diedonOctober8th.Sheleftherestatetotaling$5921.64tobedividedamongherthreegrandchildren.32THEFINALCHAPTERT>y1900,mostoftherealestateleftbyLeviChurchillandSocratesX3Nelsonhadbeensold.InSeptemberof1901,FayetteMarshdiedattheageof57.HisobituarytestifiestothetragicfigureFayettehadbecome.33"Thesadfacthasforyearsbeenimpresseduponthemindsofourcitizensthattheoncebrilliantlawyer,FayetteMarsh,boundbyaseeminglyuncontrollablepassiontohabitsofdissipationwasmovinginthepacethatkills.Alltheeffortsofhisbetternatureandthekindlyinfluenceofrelativesandfriendswereofnoavail.Attimesitseemedasifthegreatcurseofhislifewastobelifted,andhebecamehimself.Butnotforlong.Thedemonofdrinkclutchedhimagaininitsdeadlygrasp,andhewentsteadilydownward.Hisspeedydecline,thelossoftherespectandconfidenceamongfriendswhohadhopedinvainforhisdeliverancefromthecruelbondswhichledhimcaptiveonthedownwardroad,thesearetoowellknowntomostofourreaders.“LastTuesdayafternoon,whileinaweakanddazedcondition,hestumbledandfelldownaflightofstairsintheMowerblockandwasfoundinsensibleafewmomentslater.Hewastakentothecityhospitalandafteranexaminationbythephysicianshiscasewaspronouncedaveryseriousone.Helingered,however,inasemiconsciouscondition,untillasteveningat8:30,whendeathclosedthecareerofonewhoinlifewasrespectedandbelovedbyall,andwhosememorywillbekindlycherishedbyhundredswhowillonlyrememberhismanynobleandunselfishactsofkindness,forgettingelseinthecharitywhichcoversalltheshortcomingsandimperfectionsofthisbrief,transitoryexistencehere."92WillofBetseyD.Nelson,#854WashingtonCountyProbateOffice33StillwaterGazette,September14,1901.28 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionFayetteMarsh’swill34leftone-thirdofhisestatetoeachofhisthreechildrenwithEmmaNelsonMarsh.Heleftone-halfhislawlibrarytohissecondchild,FayetteMarsh,Jr.,age13,byhissecondwife,KateGreeley.ThepersonalassetsofFayettetotaled$218;hisrealestate,heavilymortgagedwithbacktaxes,wasvaluedat$333.SocratesNelson’slegacy,worth$100,000in1867,hadbeenreducedbyhisson-in-lawtolessthan$1,000twogenerationslater,despiteaten-foldincreaseinthepriceofStillwaterrealestate.OnMay11,1908,ElizabethChurchill,aged83,diedinherhomeat5108S.BroadwayinSt.Louis,MissouriShehadnochildren.HerWashingtonCountyestateconsistedofBlock29onMainStreetintheoriginalplatofStillwater,whichwasvaluedat$5,500;somelotsinChurchill’sSecondAdditionvaluedat$950,and$773incash.HerhouseinSt.Louiswaslefttohersisters;abrother,BarronProctor,age74;andtwonephews:LeviProctor,age52,andWilliamWhite,age60,werehersoleheirs.3634WillofFayetteMarsh,#2297WashingtonCountyProbateOffice.38WillofElizabethM.Churchill,#3039WashingtonCountyProbateOffice29 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSurveyDetailsChurchillStreetEdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealersoldLots1&2,Block16toAliceMcMahoninOctoberof1871.Withinacoupleofyears,accordingtothetaxassessor’sannualreports,amediumsizedhouse—whichremainsat317E.ChurchillStreet—hadbeenbuiltonLot1.ItappearshoweverthatAlicedidnotactuallyliveinthehouse;shedoesnotappearinanyoftheStillwaterCityDirectoriesforthisperiod.36307E.ChurchillStreetwasbuiltin1964.•304E.ChurchillStreetwasbuiltin1946.Thehouseat303E.ChurchillStreetwasbuiltin1883.Weknowthatdateforcertainbecausetheownersoftheproperty,John&MatildaMahon,didnotpaytheircontractor,JamesKellythelast$74theyowedhimfor“constructingafoundationwallofmasonry”inthespringof1883.Thetotalbillforthefoundationwas$194,buttheMahonshadalreadypaidhim$120onaccount.37Thereisnotonedeedorotherpropertyrecord,before1908,onLots1&2,Block15,thelocationofthehouseat215E.ChurchillStreet.Icanonlyguesstherewassomekindofunrecordeddeedorcontractthatconveyedownershiptotheproperty.Fromthetaxassessor’srecords,itappearsthehousewasbuiltabout1883,butIcannotsaybywhom.TheMcDonoughfamilylivedthereintheearly1890’s,butitdoesnotappeartheybuiltthehouse.InJuneof1874,ElizabethChurchillsoldLot15,Block2,toMaryMcGoldrickontheequivalentofaContractforDeed.ApparentlyMcGoldrickdefaultedontheContract,forElizabethChurchillsoldthesamelottoMaryAnnandJamesNicholinMarchof1885.Theysoonafterbuiltahousethattookthenumber218E.ChurchillStreet.JamesA.NicholwasalaborerfortheMusser-SauntryLand,Logging,andManufacturingCo.3836TDeeds612;SAM7,Roll4.3712Deeds420;ALiens321;1887StillwaterCityDirectory.38EBonds138;7Deeds327;1887,1891StillwaterCityDirectories.30 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition114W.ChurchillStreet,aone-storybrickbuilding,wasoriginallyconstructedasa“picturetheatrd’inthesummerof1915.TheownersweretheO’NealBrother,James&Eugene,whowerelumbermen.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,the$3,500structurewastobeone-story,50feetwide,and75feetdeep.Thebuildingmaterialwasconcrete,andtheroofing“ruberoid.”InanarticleintheFebruary16,1916issueoftheStillwaterMessenger,therewasanannouncementofthebuilding'snewownership:“TheHilltopmovingpicturehousewillbere-openedimmediatelyundernewmanagement.ThenewmanagersnameisSamuelCarlson...Mr.Carlsonstatesthatthemaindrawbacktothetheatre,thelackofheat,hasbeenremediedbytheinstallationofanumberofmoreradiatorsandthatthetheatrewillnowbefoundwarmandcomfortable."In1924,theTheatrewasclosedandthebuildingreopenedasanautomobilerepairgarage.This,andmuchmorehistoryofthebuildingcanbefoundinanarticlebylocalhistorian,BrentPeterson,inTheSt.CroixValleyPressofOctober4,2001.PrevioustotheTheatre,therewrasahouseonthissitebuiltaround1873,theresidenceofTimothyDonohue,whosoldcandyandcigarsatthislocation.39117WestChurchillStreetwasbuiltasanadditionto901SouthFourthStreetbyCharlesandCarrieGlaserwhohadastoreandresidencein901SouthFourthStreet.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,the$1,000additionat117WestChurchillwasforthepurpose:“byaddingpoolroomtoeastside30‘x38’2stonesinheight.”Overtheyears,thisbuildinghashadanumberofuses,butthemostcommonisasabarbershop.40SouthFirstStreetLots28,29,&30,Block1werepartofan$1800packagesoldbyElizabethChurchilltoHenryWoodruffonaContractforDeed.Woodruff,aStillwaterresidentandone-timeownerofthenewspaper,theStillwaterMessenger,assignedtheContracttohisbrother,WillisWoodruff,who,inturn,soldLot30toPeterStenstrominJulyof1885.Stenstromsoldboots,shoes,tobaccoandcigarsfromhisbusinessandresidenceat211&213N.SecondStreet.Itwasnotuntil1921thattheresidenceat703S.FirstStreetwasconstructed.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,thecostofthishousewas$3,500;itwasone-and-one-halfstory,22feetby32feet.ThenameofthepermitwasMathewF.Butler.4139SAM7,Roll4;1877&1881-82StillwaterCityDirectories;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1606.40CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1515;alsoseeentryat901SouthFourthSt.41DBonds497;7Deeds374;StillwaterCityDirectory,1887;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1853.31 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSewardP.andElizabethRichardsonpurchasedthispropertyinAprilof1881;theyimmediatelytookouta$1000mortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociation.Buttheloanwasnotusedtobuildahouseonthisproperty,butperhapselsewhere.By1889,themortgagehadbeensatisfied,butwithinacoupleofyears,itappearstheRichardsonshadfinancialtroubles,fortheysoldtheselotsandtheirhomeat712S.ThirdSt.toRobertMcGarry,abookkeeperfortheHersey,Bean&BrownLumberCo.InJuneof1895,McGarrysoldthetwoandone-halflotstoJamesandMinnieHansonwhobuiltafinehousewhichtookthenumber,704S.FirstStreet.AbuildingpermittakenoutinOctoberof1895recordsthebuildingofabarnandwagonshed,20feetby30feet,one-and-a-halfstorieshighatacostof$300.MadtNelsonfromtheNorthHillwasthebuilder.42Lots28,29,&30,Block1werepartofan$1800packagesoldbyElizabethChurchilltoHenryWoodruffonaContractforDeed.Woodruff,aStillwaterresidentandone-timeownerofthenewspaper,theStillwaterMessenger,assignedtheContracttohisbrother,WillisWoodruff,who,inturn,soldLot28toMargaretMahoneyinNovemberof1884.Thetaxassessor’srecordof1885assignsavalueof$625tothelotindicatingahousehadbeenbuiltat709S.FirstStreet.The1887CityDirectorylists“MissMaggieMahoney,milliner,225E.Chestnut,res.709S.1st.”43TheStillwaterGazetteinitsissueofNovember14,1871,madealistofimprovementstodemonstratehowthecityhadgrownthepastyear.Notedunder“Nelson’sField”(astheSouthHillwasthencalled)wasa24-footby32-foothouseconstructedbyS.Doyle.InSeptemberof1872,Stephen&MaryAnnDoyle;hewasa“riverman”(workingwiththelogsintheriver)tookouta$208mortgageonLots26&27,Block1.ThemortgagewaswithHersey,Bean&Brown,asawmillandlumbercompanylocatedonSouthMainStreetbelowthebluff,andthismortgagealmostcertainlyfinancedtheconstructionofthehouseat711S.FirstStreet.Themortgagewassatisfiedayearlater,butinOctober,1874,JamesKelly,astonemasonwholivedonthecornerofFourth&ChurchillStreets,filedalienagainstDoylefor$60.75“todothestoneworkat$1.25perperchandtodothebrickworkandcementthecisternforwhatwouldbeareasonableprice...”This,however,wastheleastoftheDoyle’stroubles,fortherewasnodeedrecordedtotheDoyles.FayetteMarshreclaimedtheproperty—despitetheDoyle’sefforts—andresoldthehouseandlotstoWilliamStein,ajewelerwholivedonPineStreet.StephenDoylehademigratedfromNewBrunswick;hiswife,MaryAnnwasborninPennsylvania.By1880,theDoylehouseholdconsistedofStephen428Deeds120;PMtgs345;8Mtgs133;35-291;40Deeds521;1896-97StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#867.43SAM78,Roll5;DBonds497;12Deeds404;StillwaterCityDirectory,1887.32 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionandMaryAnn,ason,Edmund,7;Elizabeth,5;Austin,1;andtheirmother-in-law,ElizabethAustinfromIreland.TheDoyles,apparentlyfondoftheneighborhood,movedsouthintheearly1880’sto1017SouthFirst.44InMayof1879,ErnestBorschtorBorchard,afruitdealerandconfectioner,purchasedLots4&5,Block2.WithinsixmonthshetookoutamortgagewiththeSeymour,Sabin&Co.whomostlikelyfurnishedthelumbertobuildthehomeat712S.FirstStreet.By1881,thetaxassessorhadassignedavalueof$1050tothetwolotsandbuilding.45InAprilof1872,sevenyearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ElizabethChurchillsoldLots24&25toHenryPrince,aStillwatermerchantandlandspeculator.Henry,inturn,soldthemtoGeorgePrince,whosoldthemtoEmilyPrince,andinAugustof1880,EmilyPrincesoldthelotstoJohnL.Miller,acarpenterandhousemover.Soonafterpurchasingtheproperty,John&ElizabethMillertookoutamortgagefromtheSt.CroixValleySavingsBank.By1885,thetaxassessorhadvaluedthelotsat$1500,indicatingasubstantialhouse—whichtookthenumber,717SouthFirstStreet—ontheproperty.Ononeofthecoldesteveningsoftheyear,January20,1911,therewasalargefireinthehouserequiringone-and-one-halfhourstoextinguish.Damagewasestimatedat$2,514.92,46ThispropertywentthroughsixownersbeforeCharlesW.andIdaJ.CrowellpurchaseditinAugustof1881.By1883,thetaxassessorsrecordsrecordedavalueof$1650forthetwolotsandhomeat720S.FirstStreet,indicatingquiteasubstantialhome.Charleswasamiller.InAprilof1886,theCrowellssoldthepropertyandhousefor$3000toMikeJohnsonofHoulton,Wisconsinwho,itappears,rentedthehouseforanumberofyears.47InAprilof1872,sevenyearsaftertheendoftheCivilWar,ElizabethChurchillsoldLots22&23toHenryPrince,aStillwatermerchant,insuranceagent,andrealestatedealer.In1883,heandhiswife,Emily,tookoutamortgagewiththeSt.CroixValleySavingsBank,andbuildasubstantialhouse,whichtakesthenumber801SouthFirstStreetInthespringof1898,FrankLinner(thatispronouncedLin-near)&Co.,aStillwatercontractor,tookoutabuildingpermit:“ToraisetheroofonLpart9ftandbuildaporchinfrontofbuildingforthesumof$275.:>4&441Mtgs342;ALiens110;StillwaterCityDirectories1877-1887;SAM7.Roll3&subsequent;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,Family#299.455Deeds175;OMtgs141;1881-82,1887StillwaterCityDirectory.46XDeeds212;5Deeds534;ZDeeds585;TMtgs465;SAM78,Roll15;1887-1894StillwaterCityDirectories;StillwaterFireDepartmentRecords.478Deeds380;15Deeds597;1884StillwaterCityDirectory;SAM78,Roll13.48SAM78,Roll13;TMtgs270;1894StillwaterCityDirectory';CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#954.33 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionThehomeat802S.FirstStreetfirsthadthehousenumber,726S.FirstStreet.FrederickE.Loomis,aphotographer,boughtLots8&9,Block2,inJulyof1878.HetookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationthatsamemonth,anditappearswithinayeartoso,hehadbuiltahouse.In1882,hesoldthepropertyandhousetoCharlesW.andAddieN.Gorham.49ThomasFrancis,aconfectioner(candymaker)purchasedLots20&21,Block1,inAprilof1881.Thatfallhebeganhavinghishouseat805SouthFirstStreetconstructed.Unfortunately,hedidnotpayHersey,Bean&Brown,alumberyardandsawmillonSouthMainStreetbelowthebluff,forthematerialsheused.InJanuaryof1882,theyfiledalienagainstFranciswhichincludedadetailedlistingofbuildingmaterialsusedin“constructionofacertaindwelling’betweenJulyandSeptember1881intheamountof$270.98.50GeorgeLowandhiswife,Ossina,purchasedanumberoflotsinthisareainthe1870’s.In1877,theypurchasedLots10-12,Block2,andayearlater,tookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationfor$500.Withintwoyears,theyhadconstructedthehousehavingthenumber,808S.FirstStreettoday.Georgewasacarpenter,andforatime,hadabusinessmanufacturingwoodandironfences.GeorgewrasalsothegeneralmanageroftheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompany,aneighborhoodcompanythatbuiltseveralofthehousesinthisarea.OssinaLowwasaflorist,andabuildingpermittakenoutinSeptemberof1886isfora$700greenhouse,26feetwide,and96feetlong,onestoryinheight.GeorgeLowwraslistedasthebuilder.61Howeveritappearsthepresenthouseatthisaddresswasbuiltaftertheturnofthecentury.817SouthFirstStreetwasbuiltin1947.Wilhelm&BerthaGastpurchasedLots3&4,Block15inJulyof1883.Withinayeartheybuilttheirmodestsizedhousethatwastotakethenumber,912SouthFirstStreet.Inthe1884StillwaterCityDirectory,WilhelmislistedasatailorworkingforF.C.Cutler,andresiding(beforehousenumbers)onthewestsideofFirst,the2ndhousesouthofChurchill.In1902,thethenowner,HenryHagen,addeda$70twostory20footby12footbarntotheproperty.5249IDeeds594;NMtgs271;10Deeds360;SAM78,Roll13;1884StillwaterCityDirectorysoSAM78,Roll13;8Deeds139;ALiens292;51SAM78,Roll11;NMtgs181;IDeeds613;1877&1881-82StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#132;1887StillwaterCityDirectory.627Deeds194;SAM78,Roll13;StillwaterBuildingpermit#1094.34 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionEdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealersoldLot24,Block16,toChristianCookinJuneof1889;ChristianboughtLot25inJulyof1893.Inthespringof1888,Cookappliedforapermittobuildahouseat915SouthFirstStreet,ontheselots.The$400housewastobe16feetwideand40feetdeep,one-and-a-halfstories.Thecellarwas8feetby8feet,and6feetdeep.53Inwritingthehistoryofahouse,thereisnothingquitesowonderfulasalien,inwhichthosebuildingthehousearenotpaid,andtheyfileaclaimagainstthepropertythatshowsupinthepropertyrecords.Inthiscase,weknowthat917SouthFirstStreetwasbuiltinthesummerof1886becauseJamesKelly,astonemasonwholivedonFourthStreet,filedahenagainsttheowneroftheproperty,BenjaminWhite,for‘‘...excavationofacellar,anddoingthemasonworkforthesametogetherwiththefoundationunderpartofthedwellingtobeerectedonthesameofthesizeof20x25feet...1'Asamatterofhistoricalinterest,theexcavationofthecellarcost$15(at$2aday,thatisover7dayswork),andthestoneandlaborcametoS156.60.Besidesthehen,thereisalsoabuildingpermitforthishousetakenoutinAprilof1886.Thebuildingwasexpectedtocost$600;itwasone-and-a-halfstories,20feetby26feetwithacellar20by14feetand8-1/2feetdeep.ThebuilderwasMichaelCarroll,acarpenter,whohvedintheneighborhoodat924SouthFourthStreet.BenjaminWhitepurchasedLot23fromEdmundButtsinMayof1886,andtookoutamortgagewiththeSt.CroixSavings&LoaninAugust,1886—hopefullytopayoffMr.Kelly,thestonemason!64918SouthFirstStreetappearstobeahousebuiltbyCharlesRiesabout1892.CharlespurchasedLots5,6,&7inNovemberof1891fromJuliusHeller.HesoonaftertookamortgagefromtheStillwaterSavingsBank.55EdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealersoldthislottoPatrickGlynninSeptemberof1885.Glynnbuilthishousesoonafter,forheislistedatthisaddress,919SouthFirstStreet,inthe1887StillwaterCityDirectory.56Thehouseat920SouthFirstStreet,was,accordingtoitspresentowner,movedtothislocationfromthesiteofLakeviewHospital.578324Deeds567;35Deeds579;1894StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#262.54ALien503;19Deeds108;XMtgs24;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#268531Deeds613;XMtgs483.837Deeds387.87MelissaPfannenstein35 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionThehouseat923SouthFirstStreetwasafamilyaffair.JohnF.Blankenham—whoislistedasaBakerintheStillwaterCityDirectory—purchasedLot20,Block16fromElizabethChurchillinJulyof1882.FrederekaMagdalenaBlankenhornpurchasedLot21fromElizabethChurchillinthesamemonth.Theybuiltahomesoonafterwardsweknow,becausetheyarelistedatthisaddressinthe1884StillwaterCityDirectory.68JohnJ.Maloy,abookkeeper,boughtLots8&9,Block15inthefallof1884;soonafterhebuilthishomeat1002SouthFirstStreet.Inthefallof1888,Malloytookoutabuildingpermittoadda$200kitchenadditionontherearoftheoriginalhouse.Thenewadditionwastobeone-story,18feetby20feet.Thepermitalsonotesthattheoriginalhousewastwo-story,24feetby30feetwithahiproof.59Thehistoryof1006SouthFirstStreetisuncertain.Thehousepresentlyatthisaddressappearstohavebeenbuiltcirca1900.FredirkaandWilliamMeyerboughtLot19,Block16fromElizabethChurchillinMarchof1882.Hewasaharnessmaker.Theybuilttheirhouseat1007SouthFirstStreetthefollowingyear,accordingtotheannualtaxassessor’srecords.60AugustWojahnboughtLot17,Block16inAugustof1886,andwithinayear,madeanadditiontothesmallexistinghouseat1013SouthFirstStreetthatappearstohavebeenbuiltbythepreviousresidents,JohnJacob&MagdaleneDaschler.Accordingtothebuildingadditionpermit,theoriginalhousewasone-story,14feetwideby24feetdeep.Wojahnaddeda$400one-and-a-half-storyaddition,16feetby16feet,tothefrontoftheoriginalhouse.AugustwasacarpenterwithBieging&Schmidt,afirmofhousebuildingcontractors.Inthespringof1903,theowner,AugustWojahnhadthehouseraisedfourfeet.61Thehistoryof1017SouthFirstStreetisalittlemurky.AlbertTozerboughtLots15&16fromElizabethChurchillinJuneof1881,anditappears,mayhavebuiltasmallhouseorpartialhouseby1883.InJulyof1885,hesoldthepropertytoMattClarkandHoraceW.Davis,wealthymenwhomusthaveboughtitforinvestment.AmortgagewastakenoutwiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationthat,unpaid,wasforeclosedin1891.ButtheactualresidentofthehouseinthoseyearswasStephenandMaryAnnDoyle587Deeds140,141.6915Deeds98;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#351.607Deeds78;SAM78,Roll136119Deeds103;1890-91StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#186,1108.36 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionwhohad,inthe1870’s,losttheirhomeat711SouthFirstStreet.PerhapsClark&DaviswereholdingthetitlefortheDoyles.An1897buildingpermithowever,suggeststhatanewtwo-storyhouse,costing$600,wasbuiltonthesetwolots.62Inthefallof1897,NelsonSchoolopenedat1018SouthFirstStreet.TheStillwaterDailyGazetteofSeptember25,1897hasafullaccountofthenewschoolthatisinterestingnotonlyititsdescriptionofthephysicalbuilding,butinhowitwasviewedatthetime.COMPLETEINEVERYWAYNewNelsonSchool,aModelStructureofItsKindItWillbeThrownOpentothePupilsMondayNext.OnnextMondaymorningthenewNelsonschoolbuilding,comerFirstandHancockstreetswillbethrownopentothepupils;andtheparentsofthosewhoattendtheremayrestassuredthattheirchildrenarereceivingtheireducationunderhygienicconditionsasnearlyperfectascanbeattainedbytheapplicationofmodernscientificknowledge.TheNelsonschoolcanhardlybecalledoneofthearchitecturalbeautiesofthecity,althoughitsappearanceisattractiveandconformswellwiththepurposeforwhichitisintended;butineverydetailofconstructionitisstrictlymodernandembodiesthelatestandmostapprovedideasinpracticeinthelargercities.Thestructureisofplainoutwardappearanceashasbeensaidandtothecursoryobserverpresentsunattractivefeatures,oneofwhichisthefactthattherearenowindowsineitherfrontorback,andthebrickwallsarerelievedonlybypanels.Thishoweverisaconcessiontothescientificideauponwhichthebuildingisdesigned,andismadenecessaryinthatthereneedbenothingbutthesidelightinanyoftheschoolrooms.Anotherstrikingfeaturewhichisalsosaidtodetractfromtheappearanceofthebuildingisalargesquarestockofchimneybuthereagainbeautyhasbeenmerelyforcedtogivewaytoscienceforthisstockisanimportantpartoftheheatingandventilatingsystem.Beyondthesepointsthereisbutlittletobesaidoftheexteriorappearanceofthestructure.Itistwofullstoriesin628Deeds271;15Deeds353;1884&1887StillwaterCityDirectories;SAM78,Roll13;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#936.37 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionheightwithanatticand-abasementwhichisonlyhalfundergroundandisthereforeaswelllightedfromtheoutsideaseitherofthefloorsaboveandpartlyservesthepurposeofanotherfloor.Thefoundation,asfarasitisexposed,isofstoneandthefrontandreardoorsarearchedwiththesamematerial.Theupperportionofthebuildingisofbrickwithcorniceandtrimmingsofwoodandthedoorsandcasementsareofhardwood.Atthefrontandbackofthebuilding,overthedoors,arelargebaywindows,butotherwisetheoutlineisnearlysquare.Thebasementisflooredthroughoutwithcementandinthispartarethefurnaceandenginerooms.Thebuildingisventilatedbywhatisknownasthemechanicalmethodorinotherwords,circulationofairisobtainedbymechanicalmeansanditisnotnecessarytodependentirelyupongravity.TheventilatingmachineisoperatedinconnectionwiththeheatingplantandinfactformsapartofthesamecompletesystemwhichisknownastheSmeadsystemandwasputinbytheAmericanWarmingandVentilatingCo.ofChicago.Theheatingplantcomprisesfourlargefurnaces.Thebasisoftheventilatingsystemisalargerotaryfanwhichisoperatedbya4-horsepowergasengine.Thisfanisnearly6feetindiameter.Thefreshairisdrawnbythefandirectlyfromoutofdoorsandafterbeingpassedovertheboilersthatitmaybeheatedtothepropertemperatureiscirculatedthroughthebuildingbymeansofairshaftsandregisters.Thisfreshairisadmittedtotheroomsatthetopandthefoulairforcedoutthroughregistersnearthefloorstotheventstackabovereferredto.Thisheatingandventilatingsystemwastestedseveraldaysagoandfoundtoworkperfectly.Besidestheengineandboilerroomsthebasementcontainsthewaterclosetswhicharefullyequippedandbuildafterthemostapprovedmanner.Inthefrontportionofthebasementandentirelyseparatedfromtherestofitaretworooms,flooredwithhardmapleandfinishedexactlyliketheclassroomsabove.Itisintendedtousetheseroomsforthepresent,asplayrooms;buttheymayincaseofnecessitybeusedasclassrooms,fortheyaremuchbetterthansomeoftheclassroominotherbuildings.-ThusalthoughtheNelsonwasbuiltasaneight-roombuilding,ithasacapacityof10rooms.Ofthetwofloorsabovethebasementthereareeightrooms,fouroneachfloor.Theseroomsare,asregardssizeandallgeneralcharacteristics,exactlyalike.Theyare34x24feetandsoarrangedwithreferencetothewindowsthatthelightisalladmittedfromtheleftsideasthepupilswillsit.Thefloors38 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionthroughthebuildingareofMapleandthetrimmingsandcasementsofGeorgiapine.Theceilingsareailsohighandthewindowssoplentifulastofurnishanabundanceoflightandair.Alloftheroomshaveslateblack-boardsonthreewalls,theotherineachcasebeingtakenupentirelybythewindows.Eachroomhasbesideitaspaciouswardrobe,thefulllengthoftheroom,wardrobeshavedoorsateitherend,oneopeningintotherearportionoftheclassroomsandtheotheropeningintothehalls.Onthesecondfloorthefrontbaywindowfurnishesaspaciousandlightroomwhichwillbeusedastheprincipal’soffice.Thebaywindowattherearwillbeusedasalibrary.Oneeachfloor,locatedinthehallisastationarywashbowlwithrunningwaterandthebuildinghasbeenplumbedthroughoutforgas.TheseThebuildingwaserected,uponthesiteoftheoldNelson.school,whichwasnamedinhonorofSocratesNelson,longsincedeceased,butonceaprominentcitizenofStillwater.TheoldNelsonschool,whichwassimplyaone-storyframestructureoftworooms,wastorndownlastMayaftertwelveyearsofservicetomakeroomforitsmoreelaboratesuccessorandnamesake.ThearchitectswereOrffandJoralemonofMinneapoliswhoseplanwasamodificationoftheColonialstyleofarchitecture.GroundwasfirstbrokenforthenewbuildingaboutJunelastandthestructureasnowcompletedhascostinroundnumbers$15,500.ThebuildingcontractwaslettoO.H.Olson,theoriginalcontractpricebeing$12,664.Owinghowevertoadditionstothefirstplansandspecifications,thisfigurewasincreasedabout$200.Thetotalcostoftheheatingandventilatingplantwas$2,020,whichisremarkablylowasoneofthebidsforidenticallythesameapparatuswas$3,700.Thecostofplumbingforthegasandwaterpipeswasabout$200andthegradingandotherminorexpensesamountedtoabout$350.Onestillfurtheritemofexpensewhichcannotyetbedefinitelyestimatedisthecostofextendingthesewertotheschool.63NelsonSchoolwasabandonedasanelementaryschoolinthelate1950’s.ItwaslaterconvertedintoadministrativeofficesbytheconsolidatedschoolDistrict834.TheDistrictuseditforthatpurposeuntil1976whenthenewcentralservicesbuildingwasconstructed.InAprilof1977,theCityofStillwatertookpossession(again)oftheschoolfor$1.00.63TheCityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#931alsohassomeinterestingdetails.39 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionOverthecourseofthenextyear,severalproposalsforthepropertywereinitiated;mostofthemcalledforreusingtheschoolinsomeway.TheCityCouncil,however,byathreetotwomajority,choseaproposalthatcalledforthedemolitionoftheschool,andreplacingitwithtwonewhouses.RiverTownRestoration,alocalpreservationgroup,obtainedseveralinjunctionsagainstthedemolitionclaimingthebuildingwasanhistoricresource.Tomljanovichrenderedthedecisionthatall“reasonableandprudent”stepsmustbetakentopreservetheoldbuilding.Inearly1979,thecaseendedupincourt,andJudgeEstherPresentincourtthatdaywasStillwaterMayor,David(Choc)Junkerwhoremonstratedwiththejudgesaying:"Ithinktheremustbeamisunderstanding.Youaren'tlisteningtothestorythewayitreallyis."Later,MayorJunkerwasquotedinthepressassaying"Itisn’tfair.Wearesupposedtospendmoneypreservinganoldschoolbuildingwhenwecan'tevenaffordindoortoiletsforourLilylakearena.”StillwaterCityAttorney,DavidMagnuson,defendingtheCityCouncil’sdecision,saidthatiftheNelsonSchoolqualifiesasa“historicresource,”itmaysetafar-reachingprecedent.“Stillwater,”heexplained,“isoneoftheoldestcitiesinMinnesota.Ithasallkindsofbuildingsbuiltbefore1890.Itcouldbearguedthatallofthemarehistoricresources.”"Ifthatistrue,itwillbedifficulttoremoveorremodelanyofthebuildings,”hewarned.“Ifeel,"Magnusontoldthejudge,"thatthisjudicialinterferenceisunwarrantedandunreasonable.Isubmitthat‘historicalresources’arenotman-madethingslikebuildings,butratherthingslikefossils,bonesandabandonedgraveyardsTheattorneysaidheknewofnosignificanteventsattheNelsonSchool.“Ithasbeenusedfortheeducationofchildren,”he“Butthat’ssomethingwedoeveryday.Nofamouspeopleeverattendedtheschool.SoIcertainlyseenobasisforitbeingahistoricalresource.added.Inthespringof1980,thepropertywaspurchasedbyagroupoflocalbusinessmenknownastheNelsonSchoolPartners.ThethreemeninvolvedwereJeffreyZoller,RobertHagstrom,andJohnLarson.Althoughtheyoriginallyintendedthebuildingtobeconvertedtocondominiums,itwasinsteadrenovatedintoeightmoderntwoandthreebedroomapartments.Whereverpossible,elementsfromtheoriginalbuildingwerereusedandreconditioned,condominiums.66Since1980,theapartmentshavebeenconvertedintoQuotedintheSt.PaulDispatch,January30,1979.Page2(E).65TheSt.CroixCollectionattheStillwaterPublicLibraryhasanextensivefileontheNelsonSchool.6440 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionInmanyrespects,theNelsonSchoolbuildingwasthebeginningofhistoricpreservationinStillwater.Today,Stillwaterhasanordinancethatprohibitsthedemolitionofanoldbuildingifthereisaviablealternative.SouthSecondStreetLawsonDaileyboughtLot1,Block3fromBetsyNelsononaBondforDeed—similartoourContractforDeed—inSeptemberof1874.Threeyearslater,thetaxassessorplacesavalueof$1100onthelot,indicatingagoodsizedhome,whichtookthenumber704SouthSecondStreet,hadbeenbuilt.Daileyworkedforatimeasaplanerinoneofthemills;laterhetookupfencebuilding.TheDaileyfamilylivedinthehousepasttheturnofthecentury.Accordingtotwobuildingpermits,LawsonDailytookupthesaleofstovesfromhisbuildingat704SouthSecondStreet.Thefirstpermit,onMarch30,1901,wasapparentlyfora$150addition,18feetby30feet,one-and-a-halfstorieshighthatwouldprovide“Moreroom&shopforstoves.”ThesecondpermitinAugustof1901wasfora$450buildingtwostoriesinheight,20feetby52feet,withaveneerofiron,andunfinishedceilings.Thepurposewasfora“stovestoreandshop.”BothbuildingswerebuiltbyLawsonandhisson,Russell,wholivednextdoorat708SouthSecondStreet.Athirdpermittakenoutin1903addsona$300storeroomandnotesthatthe“Buildingissheathedupwithnicelumberpaperedandsidedwithsteel.Roofisfireproofrooffeltpaper.”The1906-07StillwaterCityDirectoryalsolistsDailyassellingranges.66LawsonDaileywhobuilthishousenextdoorat704SouthSecondSt.soldpartofLots2&3toGeorgeD.Hallfor$1650inJuneof1880.Thathighapriceindicatesahomeat708SouthSecondStreetontheproperty,butaslateas1879,thetaxassessor’srecordsindicatenovaluebeyondthatofthelot.ThelogicalconclusionisthatLawsonDaileyeitherbuiltahouseonthelotin1880,orGeorgeHallheldanunrecordedcontractthatallowedhimthebuildthehouse.Thelattermightmakemoresensebecausethefollowingyear,HallsoldtoJohnKarstfor$378plustheassumptionofa$1400mortgage.6766SAM7,Roll6;EBonds250;1877&1887StillwaterCityDirectories;CityofStillwaterBuildingpermits#1026&1032,1132.67SAM7,Roll8;5Deeds529;8Deeds66;41 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSeymour,Sabin&CompanypurchasedLot28,Block2,in1872.Seymour,Sabinwasprimarilyamanufacturingcompanyusingtheprisonlaboronacontractbasis,68buttheyalsobuilthousesonspeculation.Thismediumsizedhouse,whichtodayhasthenumber,709S.SecondStreet,wasoneofthose.Withinthreeyears,thehousehadbeensoldtoJohnF.Conklin,formanyyears,theStreetCommissioner(somewhatequivalenttotheheadofPublicWorks)fortheCityofStillwater.69W.H.HarrispurchasedLots4&5,Block3,fromBetseyNelsononaBondforDeedinSeptember1873.Withinayear,Harrishadbeguntheconstructionofahouseontheselots;butalas,hedidnotseemtohavethenecessarycashorcredit.Seymour,Sabin&Co,alocalmanufacturingandlumbercompany,andMcKusick,Anderson,anotherlumbercompany,eachfiledalienagainstHarrisin1874for$236.10and$216.38forlumberandmaterialsused“toconstructadwelling.”HarrisapparentlycouldnotkeepuphispaymentstoNelsonforshetookbackthepropertyandsoldittoFredPennington.Fromthetaxassessor’srecords,itappearsthetwolumbercompaniesreclaimedtheirmaterialsfortheredoesnotappeartobeahouseonthepropertyby1877.Twoyearslater,undertheownershipofPennington,thevalueofthelotsandimprovementsjumpedfrom$600to$1900.Inthefallof1888,PenningtontookoutabuildingpermittoallowrtheNortheyBrothers,localcontractors,toaddtwowingstotheoriginalhouseasacostof$1,000.Thatsamepermitnotesthattheoriginalhousewrastwo-stories,22feetby32feet.PenningtonwasalumbermanwithSauntry,Tozer,&Pennington.Thishousehadthenumber,712SouthSecondStreet.ThestoryisthatDr.Demeter&AliceKalinoffboughtthishouse,andfoundthatitwouldcostalmostasmuchtoinstallelectricityandplumbingasitwouldtobuildanewhouse.Thereforetheydemolishedtheoriginalhouse,andin1913,theyhadFrankLinner(pronouncedLin-near)&Co.buildanewhouseontheoriginalfoundation..Accordingtothebuildingpermit,thehousewastocost$5,000,be30feetby31feet,twostorywithahiproof.70InMayof1868,threeyearsaftertheendoftheAmericanCivilWar,EdmundG.Butts,aStillwraterattorneyandrealestatedealer,soldAugustusandCarolineGodfrey,Lot26,Block2.ThefollowingmonththeGodfreysbeganthebuildingofahousewhichtodayhasthenumber,713S.SecondSt.Unfortunatelytheywerenotabletopaythecontractor,ThomasSinclair,forhiswork,andhefiledalienagainstthepropertyinDecemberof1869.It68FormoreinformationonSeymour,Sabin&Co,seemy"AHistoryoftheSouthHalfoftheCarli&SchulenburgAdditionResidentialArea."October2001.69SAM7,Roll5;5Deeds194,195;1877&1881-82StillwaterCityDirectory.70EBonds50;ALiens112,114;SAM7,Roll8;SAM7,Roll6;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#’s373,1548.42 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionread,inpart:"AugustusC.GodfreyandCarolineGodfreyina/c[account]withThomasSinclairJune1868forlumberforbuildinghouseonlotNo.26...June28,1869,excavating&furnishingmaterialsandbuildingcellarandcisternonsamepremises...threedayshaulingmaterialsat'^$5...furnishingcementandplasteringcistern.''ThetotalmoneyowedSinclair:$254.45.Thetaxassessorplacedavalueof$300onthestructure.ThisisoneoftheoldesthousesinChurchill,Nelson,Slaughter’sAddition.In1894,accordingtoabuildingpermitapplication,anaddition—oranewhouse—wasbuiltonLots26&27.Accordingtothepermit,thestructurewastobe26feetby28feetdeep,one-and-a-halfstoriesinheight,andcost$900.TheowneratthistimewasWilliamHeffernamandthecontractorwastheStillwaterManufacturingCompany.71EdmundG.Butts,aStillwaterlawyerandrealestatedealer,soldLot25toWilliamW.GilbertinFebruary,1871;GilbertsoldthesameLottoHubertHall,whointurnsoldittoWilliamPatnerinMayof1872.Thetaxassessor’srecordsforthefollowingyearlistasmall$200structureontheproperty.Patner(orPatrew)continuedtoownthelotforwelloveradecade,but,becauseheisneverlistedintheStillwaterCityDirectory,itdoesnotappearhelivedhere.Inthefallof1888,aFrankChartrandappliedforabuildingpermittobuildadwellingonthislot.Thehousewastotwo-storiesinheight,24feetby28feet,withacostof$900.Chartrandlistshimselfasboththeownerandbuilderofthishomewhichtookthenumber,717S.SecondStreet.72720SouthSecondStreetoccupiesLots6,7,&8,Block3.InhisannualvaluationofpropertiesinStillwater,thetaxassessormadeanotefor1872thatthevalueofLot7includeda$350house,andthename“Watson”wasaddedinpencil.Thefollowingyear,thenote“Watson’shouse”wasaddedagaininpencil.However,theactualWarrantyDeedtransferringthepropertyfromElizabethChurchilltoGeorgeWatsonwasinMarchof1873,followedbyWatson’smortgagein1874.Twoyearslater,inthefallof1876,WatsonsoldthepropertytoEdwardO’Brien,aliquordealeronNorthMainStreet.Inthesummerof1889,theStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanymadea$250“AdditiontoMainHouse&Porchreshinglingroofandslightchangesinside."13EdmundG.Butts,aStillwaterattorneyandrealestatedealer,soldLot23toJamesH.Griffen,asawbladesharpener,inSeptemberof1873.He/71IntheStillwaterMessengerofJanuary6,1871.ThomasSinclairislistedasoneofStillwatershousebuilders;SAM7,Roll2;SDeeds419,ALiens66;CityofStillwaterBuildingpermit#79472SAM78,Roll9;TDeeds454;XDeeds15;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#345.73SAM7,Roll3;SAM78,Roll9;ZDeeds53;KMtgs75;1Deeds223;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#426.43 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionmusthaveimmediatelybegunconstructionofahouseat723S.SecondStreet,becausethetaxassessor’srecordnotesa$200houseonthelotfollowedbythepencilednotation:“Griffith'sHouse.”Thefollowingyear,inJune1874,GriffenboughtLot24,completingtheproperty.74JohnGlaspie,alocalrealestatedealerwholivedat719S.ThirdSt.,andhiswife,Kate,purchasedLots9,10,&11fromtheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanyfor$900inMay,1889.Inturn,theysoldpartofLots9&10toJamesandEllenDwyerinJulyof1890.EithertheGlaspiesortheDwyersbuiltthehouseat806SouthSecondStreetbetween1889and1891.76GeorgeLowandhiswife,Ossina,wholivedat808SouthFirstStreet,wereprominentpeopleinthisearlyneighborhood.Shewasafloristwithagreenhouseontheirlots,andownedextensivepropertyinherownname.GeorgeLowwasacarpenterandlaterthegeneralmanageroftheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanywhichbuiltseveralhousesinthisarea.The1887StillwaterCityDirectoryhasabriefdescriptionofthecompany:StillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanyThiscompanywasorganizedMarch20,1887,withajointstockof$3,000andwiththefollowingofficers.F.E.Joy,president;H.V.Quackenbush,secretaryandtreasurer,GeorgeLow,generalmanager.Theirbusinessconsistsintheconstructionofanyclassofbuildingsrequired,infurnishingmaterialandingeneralcontractwork.TheyhavebuiltthenewAscensionEpiscopalchurchandotherstructures.Theyemploytwentymenandfurnishanythingrequiredfromthefoundationstonetotheparlorornamentofabuilding.GeorgeandOssinaLowboughtLots20and21,Block2(behindtheirownresidence)andintheperiodbetweenthefallof1888andthespringof1889,theymovedtheoldStillwatertraindepotfromdowntownStillwater(thenewUnionDepothadjustbeencompleted)totheselots,tookouttwomortgagesof$800and$1,000,withtheStillwaterBuildingAssociation,hadtheoldone-storydepot(22feetby52feet)which,theyclaimedonabuildingpermit,hadbeen50%damagedbydecayandmoving,transformedbytheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanyintoadwellingat807SouthSecondStreet,whichtheythensoldtotheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanyinMarchof1889.ThetransformedhouseendedupinthepossessionoftheLewisW.Clarkefamily.Hewasthecityengineer74ZDeeds407,465;SAM78,Roll9;1887StillwaterCityDirectory.7531Deeds148;1894StillwaterCityDirectory.44 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionformanyyears,andalsoworkedintheconstructionofhousesintheneighborhood.76InMay1889,JohnGlaspie,alocalrealestatedealerwholivedat719S.ThirdSt.andhiswife,Kate,boughtLots9,10,&11fromtheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanyfor$900.TheGlaspiesmusthavehadthehomebuiltat808SouthSecondStreet,forwhentheysoldone-halfthepropertytoFrankandAugustaGraceinJanuaryof1891,thepriceforthepropertyhadincreasedto$1525;moreoverthesalewassubjecttoaleasewithHoraceW.Daviswhowaspaying$15amonthrent.77WilliamMcPhersonboughtLots12and13,Block3,inOctoberof1874.Thetaxassessor’srecordforthatsameyearlistsavalueofS1400forthelot>andimprovements—indicatingamediumsizehouse,whichtookthenumber,814SouthSecondStreet.McPhersonworkedforE.L.Hospes&Co,ahardwaredealerindowntownStillwater.InAprilof1888,GeorgeWalters,apolicemanandownerofthehousetookoutabuildingpermittorepairtheoriginalhouse.Accordingtothepermit,theoriginalhousewasone-story,22feetwideby38feetdeep.Theproposedrepairswerenecessarybecauseof“decay,’andwouldcost$90.Theyincludedanewroofand“repairingofoutsideofBuilding.”Inthewinterof1909,anew$150frontporchwasaddedtothehouse.78MaryandPatrickMcGoldrickownedLots16,17,18,19,anditappeal’stheybuiltahomewhichtookthenumber815S.SecondStreet,intheearly1870’s.Inthe1877StillwaterCityDirectory,PatrickMcGoldrickislistedaslivingonthecornerofSecondandChurchillStreets.Whathappenedtothisfirsthouseisuncertain,butJohnandKateGlaspiepurchasedLots18&19,Block2,in1891.Johnwas,atthistime,engagedinrealestatedealingworkingoutofhishouseat719SouthThirdStreet.Lessthantwoyearslater,Johndiedunexpectedlyatage49.Perhapswiththeinsurancemoney,KateGlaspiehadthis$1,200,two-storyhouse,28feetby40feet,builtbytheStillwaterManufacturingCompanyin1896.In1910,thehome’sthirdowner,DanielDoyle,addedona$400frontporch,andin1919,asleepingporchwasadded.ThisisafancyversionofaturnofthecenturyhouseintheMidwest—thekindofoldhouseseeninWaltDisneymovies.Thefrontporchhascapitalsontheporchcolumns,dentils,fishscaleshingles,brackets,stonepillarssupportingtheporch,recessedpanelsintheporch,andtouchesofgingerbread.Theleadedglasssidelightsonthefrontdoorandthesixsided76CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#385(B);28Deeds219;XMtgs90,91.7731Deeds456;27Deeds575;1894StillwaterCityDirectory.78SAM7,Roll4;YDeeds266;1877&1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#s273,1371..45 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditiondoorknobs;thespaciousfronthallwaywithfireplace;thenewellpost,stairrailspindles,andtheradiatorswithearsarealltypicalofthisperiod.Thebackstairs,secondfloorsleepingporches,andwalk-upatticallindicateatypicalQueenAnnestylehouseofthe1890’s.Theownerhasdecoratedthehouseinperiodcolorsandwallpapers,andfurnishedthehousewithfurnitureappropriatetoitsage.ThishousewasusedasamoviesetforthemovieTheCuremadein1994.Itiseasytoseewhythemoviemakers,whospecializeinillusion,wereanxioustousethishousetorecreateasenseofthepastintheirmovie.79SamuelC.NortonpurchasedLots16&17inAugustof1880,andamonthlater,hetookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationwhichitappearsheusedtobuildthehouseat819S.SecondStreet.NosoonerwasitbuiltthenhesoldittoThomasShattuck,aStillwaterpoliceman,wholivedthereforanumberofyears.WhenShattuckboughtthepropertyandhouse,itwasvaluedbythetaxassessorat$1100.80Thehomeat822SouthSecondStreetappearstobethesecondhousebuiltonLots14&15.The1873TaxAssessor'srecordindicatesahousevaluedat$250onLot15,alongwithanotetheassessorpenciledin“Weldon’shouse.”Thefollowingyear,thetwolotsarevaluedat$1000withthename,“JamesAnderson”,penciledin.Neitherofthesenamesarerecordedinthedeedbooks,indicatingperhaps,thatbothwerebuyerswithunrecordedcontracts.In1876,Christine&CharlesHolcombepurchasedthepropertyandthehouse.In1880,CharlesHolcombewaselectedSheriff,andthefamilymovedintothesheriffsresidenceoftheCourthouse.Butin1892,theSt.CroixLumberCompanyofSouthStillwater[Bayport]filedalienagainstCharlesHolcombeintheamountof$1155.58regardingthefacttheyhad“deliveredtooneCharlesP.Holcombe...betweenOct3andDec15,1891...lumber,sash,doors,andotherbuildingmaterials...whichsaidmaterialswereusedbysaidHolcombeinandabouttheerectionandconstructionofadwellinghouse..."ACityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#611takenoutonOctober15,1891confirmsthebuildingofthishouse.ThePermitliststhesizeas32feetby32feet,one-and-one-halfstorieshigh,costing$1,500.ThebuilderwasSvenBerglund.81Thehouseat903SouthSecondStreethasaverysimplehistory.JohnSullivanpurchasedLot28,Block15fromElizabethChurchillinJulyof1872.Thetaxassessor’srecordof1873listsa$250housewiththeowneras79StillwaterCityDirectories1892-1894;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermits#’s901,1382,1751;48Deeds309;58Deeds572.80SAM78,Roll11,Roll13;5Deeds606;PMtgs219;1887StillwaterCityDirectory..81SAM78,Roll9;SAM7,Roll4;1Deeds273;ALiens709.46 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionJohnSullivan.Sullivanislistedagaininthe1887StillwaterCityDirectoryasalaborer,residingat903S.SecondSt.82Inthespringof1872,WatsonHall,apainter,boughtLot1,Block14,fromMortimerWebster,alocalrealestatespeculatoranddeveloper.Duringthesummerhehadbuilthis$400housethatlatertookthenumber,904SouthSecondStreet.Howeverhedidnotpayhiscarpenters,R.G.BlanchardandDanRobinson,andtheyfiledalienagainstHallandhisproperty.Thetotalofthelienwas$31.74,reckonedasalittleover10daysofskilledlaborat$3.00aday.InOctober,1894,HermanDrewsappliedforabuildingpermittohaveWilliamBeigingbuildhimahouseonthesouthsideofChurchillbetweenSecondandThird—onBlock14,Lot1.Thehousewastobetwo-story,26feetwideby46feetdeep,andcosting$1,700.(Thishouseappearedtohavehadthenumber117E.ChurchillStreet.)OnaDecemberafternoonin1904.therewasalargefireinthehouse;theestimateofdamagewas$2,241.32.TheowneratthetimewasJ.F.Thoreen.Abuildingpermitconfirmedthecostofrepairingthedamageat$600.In1909,Thoreenspent$250andhadindoorplumbinginstalled:atoilet,sinkandbathtub.Threeyear'slater,hespent$1,000remodelingthehouse.83JohnSullivanpurchasedLot27,Block15inthespringof1882for$200.Fouryearslater,hesoldittohisbrother(?),TimothySullivanforthesame$200.Timothybuiltthehousethatremainstodayat905SouthSecondStreet.84JohnBlake,listedasalaborer,appearstohavebuiltthehouseat910SouthSecondStreet,around1875beforeheactuallyobtainedaWarrantyDeedfromEdmundButts,anattorneyandrealestatespeculatoractiveintheneighborhood.Thetaxassessorputthevalueofthestructureatabout$200,asmallvalueevenforthosedays.By1877,BlakeislistedintheStillwaterCityDirectoryaslivingon“2nds.Churchill.”In1882,thepropertypassedtoFredScott,theproprietoroftheNorthStarPharmacy.Inthespringof1910,abuildingpermitwastakenoutfor$2,100worthofwork,amongtheitemswastoraisetheellandbuildporches.Onawintermorning,shortlyaftertheChristmasof1917,therewasafireinthehome;thelosswasestimatedat$808.II.8562SAM78,Roll9;XDeeds30.83WDeeds160;ALiens82;SAM78,Roll9;1877StillwaterCityDirectory;FireDepartmentrecords;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#’s828,1199,1362,1501.847Deeds496;19Deeds229.1Deeds400;8Deeds613;SAM7,Roll5;1877,1884StillwaterCityDirectories;FireDepartmentrecords;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1525./ee47 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionPatrick&BetseyMcCarthypurchasedfivelots:22-26fromEmmaMarshinJulyof1877,takingbackamortgagefromher.Heimmediatelybuiltagoodsizedhousewhichweknowtodayas911SouthSecondStreet.Patrickislistedasa“laborer.”Sevenyearslater,hesoldoffLots22,23,24toRobertSiebert.86Thehouseat914SouthSecondStreethasaninterestingearlyhistory.TheS-l/2ofLot4andallofLot5,Block14,wassoldbyA.M.Dodd,anattorneyandrealestatespeculatorintheneighborhood,toLindsleyC.EverittinNovemberof1874.Inthespringof1876,D.L.Burlingham,ahousepainter,filedalienagainstA.L.Boothonthispropertyfor“...furnishingmaterialandpainting...100yardswithtwocoatsat.17cts...”Thetotalofthelienwas$17.00.ButwhowasBooth;hisnamenevershowsupintherecords.Thelienitselfmakesthesituationclear:Boothwasinpossessionofthesmallhouse“underaContracttopurchasethesame,andsaidhouseissituateuponlandownedbyL.C.Everett.”Alas,itseemsthatBoothwasneverabletofulfillhisContractforhisnamedoesnotappearinanysubsequentlandrecords.87InNovemberof1884,Robert&CatherineSiebertpurchasedLots22,23,24for$700fromtheirneighbortobe,PatrickMcCarthy.AccordingtoabuildingpermittakenoutinAprilof1886,RobertSiebert,acarpenter,builtthemaratherlavishhomecosting$1800at915SouthSecondStreet.Thehousewastwostoriesinheight,22feetby32feet,witha15-footby20-footadditionandaseven-and-one-halffootdeepcellarthatwas15by17feet.ThehousewasprobablyfinancedwiththeaidofamortgagetheytookoutfromtheSt.CroixSavings&Loan.88NelsonFosterpurchasedLots6&7onaBondforDeed[ContractforDeed]inJanuaryof1880.Twoyearslater,hetookoutamortgageandbuiltthehousethathasthenumbertoday,920SouthSecondStreet.Inthefallof1886,Fostertookoutabuildingpermittomakeanadditiontothehouse.ThebuildersweretheNortheyBrothers,busylocalcontractors.Theadditionwaslistedas18feetby24feetdeep,one-and-a-half-stories;thecostwas$800.The“architect”waslistedasMrs.D.F.BrownofFortMadison,Iowa?89MortimerWebstersoldLots20&21toMichaelS.MocklerinMayof1875,takingbackamortgagefromWebster.Thetaxassessor’srecordfor86MMtgs208;15Deeds133,141;1877StillwaterCityDirectory;SAM7,Roll6.87SAM7,Roll5;ZDeeds171;ALiens143.15Deeds141;XMtgs8;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit88#989FBonds258;QMtgs36;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#143.48 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionthatyearhasanotationpenciledin:“$600addedforhouse.”Thishousewouldlater,whennumberswereassigned,become1001SouthSecondStreet.WhenMocklerdiedin1881,hisheirssoldthepropertybacktoWebsterfor$2,000.90Thehouseat1004SouthSecondStreetoccupiesLots8&9,Block14.MortimerWebster,arealestatedealeranddeveloper,purchasedthetwolotsfor$900inMayof1875.Thatisahighpricefortwolotsinthisarea,andmayindicateahouseononeofthelots.Ayearandahalflater,inDecember1876,Webstersoldoneofthelots,Lot9,toJohnSimmonsfor$1500,surelyindicatingahouseonthelot.SimmonssoldthelotbacktoWebster,whointurnsoldLot9toAlminaKellogginJuneof1878for$1550.Thefollowingyear,AlminapurchasedLot8fromElizabethChurchill.Whenwasthishousebuilt?Thetaxassessor’srecordsindicatethevalueofLot9jumpedfrom$100to$1100between1875and1877.91Thepresenthouseat1007SouthSecondStreetisapparentlythesecondhouseatthisaddress.Thereisarecordofafirein1912atthisaddress;afirethatstartedat4:00inthemorning,andcaused$1,800indamage.Thepresenthousewas,accordingtothebuildingpermit,builtin1922byalocalcarpenter,HenryMohr,accordingtoplansprovidedbytheBluffCityLumberCompany.The$4,500one-and-a-halfstoryhousewas26feetby32feetwithcedarshinglesontheroofandstuccoontheoutsidewalls.TheowneratthetimewasJimSettlemeyer.92Thepresenthouseat1008SouthSecondStreetis,surprisingly,thethirdhousetohavethisaddress.Thefirsthousewasbuiltabout1876byamannamedMeritSmith,andaccordingtoabuildingpermittakenoutinAprilof1887,theoriginalhousewasone-story,22feetby22feet,withahiproof,andkitchenadditionontherear.Thesecondhousewrasbuiltin1890bylocalcontractors,Bieging&Schmidtfor$700.Ittoowasasmallhouse:one-story,32feetby30feet.TheownerwasmostlikelyMeritSmithwhosenameappearsonthebuildingpermitas“architect.”Thethird—andpresent—housewasbuiltin1918byacarpenternamedJohnPetersfortheowner,M.C.Mosier.Likeitspredecessors,itwasasmallhouse:one-story,26feetby40feet,withapeakedroofandmaplestairs.93901Deeds28;KMtgs288;8Deeds476;SAM7,Roll4.911Deeds27,279,584;5Deeds524;SAM7,Roll5;SAM7,Roll6.92CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1912;StillwaterFireDept,records.93CityofStillwaterBuildingPermits#’s198,494,1684;12Deeds556;Yearlytaxassessorsrecordsforthe1870’s.49 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionItisnotclearfromtheexistingrecordsexactlywhobuiltthehomeat1012SouthSecondStreet.Fromthetaxassessor’srecords,itwouldappearthatthishouseontheS-l/2ofLot11andLot12wasbuiltabout1882.WealsofindaWarrantyDeeddatedAugust,1882inwhichWinfield&AltheaMoorebuytheS-l/2ofLot11andtheN-3/4ofLot12fromSamuelPackardfor$1,575,avaluesurelyindicatingahouseontheproperty.ItdoesnotappeareitherPackard,who,wasabridgetender,northeMooreseverlivedinthehouse-AbuildingadditionpermittakenoutinSeptemberof1886bythethenownerofthehouse,MathewButler,amailcarrier,notesthattheoriginaltwo-storyhousecostabout$600.Butlerwasspending$200toadd“porchinfront—slightchangesintheinteriorofhouse&generalrepairs.”ThebuilderislistedasL.W.Clarke,whoappearstohavedabbledinconstructionwhennotoccupiedwithhisjobascityengineer.Inthespringof1913,whenAndrewHansonwastheowner,a$1,000worthofremodelingwasdone,includinganewkitchen.94MortimerWebster,alocaldeveloperandrealestatespeculatorsoldFrederick&TheklaKernLot17andtheS-l/2ofLot18,Block15inAugustof1879for$1,400—apricethatwouldindicatetherewasahouseonthelot.TheKerns,inturn,soldthepropertytoJosephPechafor$1,300inSeptemberof1880.The1881TaxAssessor’srecordnotesahouseonthelot.Todaythathousehasthenumber,1013SouthSecondStreet.95EdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealer,soldLots15&16toThomasOrganonaBondforDeedinJuneof1873,receivingaWarrantyDeedaboutninemonthslater.Thereisnoindicationhebuiltuponhislots,butin1882hesoldthepropertytoMargaretOrganwhowithintheyearbuiltthehousethatremainsat1017SouthSecondStreet.Inthesummerof1886,a$225one-and-a-halfstorystable,20feetby24feetwasbuiltontheproperty.96For$560SamuelPackardsoldtheS-3/4ofLot13andallofLot14,Block14,toFrederickWilmanonaWarrantyDeedinSeptemberof1883.Thefollowingmonth,Wilman,ajeweler,receivedamortgagefromtheStillwaterBuildingAssociation.Hehadthehouseat1018SouthSecondStreetbuilt,andlivedthere(happily?)foryears.979410Deeds445,505;SAM78,Roll13;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#124.955Deeds307;8Deeds247;SAM78,Roll11.96EBonds21;ZDeeds71;10Deeds91;StillwaterBldgPermit#87.9712Deeds270;SMtgs52150 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSixthAvenueSouthLots1to4,Block1,werepartofan$1800packagesoldbyElizabethChurchilltoHenryWoodruffonaContractforDeed.Woodruff,aStillwaterresidentandone-timeownerofthenewspaper,theStillwaterMessenger,assignedtheContracttohisbrother,WillisWoodruff,who,inturn,soldthelotstoEdmundG.Butts,anattorneyandlandspeculator.InMayof1887,ButtssoldthefourlotstoAndrew&WilhelminaQuinn.Inthespringof1888,theQuinnshadtheStillwaterConstructionandFurnishingCompanybuildthemahouseonLots1&2thatwasone-and-one-halfstorieshigh,32feetwideby42feetdeep,costing$1,760—ahousetakingthenumber,704SixthAvenueS..Thefollowingyear,neighborhoodcarpenter,ThomasSutherlandaddeda$100barntotheproperty.ButapparentlysomethinghappenedtoAndrew,aplumber,forby1892,Wilhelminaislivingbyherselfatanotheraddress,andthefollowingyearshemovedtoChicago.94Asecondhouseat712SixthAvenueS.wasbuiltonLots3&4in1975."In1882,ElizabethChurchillsoldLots5,6,7ToCharlesB.Jack,aStillwaterattorney.Withinthenextyear,hehadbuilta$700housethattookthenumber,718SixthAve.S.onhisLot5.Twoyearslater,inAprilof1884,hesoldLots5&6toMaryJewell,ahousekeeperwholivedandworkedatthemostfamoushotelindowntownStillwater,TheSawyerHouse.100808SixthAve.S.wasbuiltin1960.Lots11&12,Block1,werefirstsoldtoGeorgeChaseofRhodeIslandbyHilaryHancockaspartofa$500packageinSeptemberof1857.By1880,theywereinthehandsofEdmundG.Butts,aStillwaterattorneyandlandspeculator,InJulyof1882,hesoldLot11toAddisonDrake,abarber,andhiswife,Sarah.Theyhadahousebuiltthattookthenumber,812SixthAve.S.onthelotwithinthenextyearorso.ButtssoldLot12toGeorgeH.Diamond,inMay1880;DiamondsoldtoFrederickGail,inNovember1887;andGailsoldtheNl/2ofLot12toSarahDrakeinDec1887,thuscompletingtheparcelthatremainstoday.10198DBonds497;ZDeeds339;19Deeds521,522.StillwaterCityDirectories1887-1894;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermits#278(B)ƿ.99TaxAssessor’sOffice1007Deeds122;12Deeds528;SAM78,Roll13;1887-1894StillwaterCityDirectories.SAM78.Roll13;IDeeds485;8Deeds320;24Deeds210,288;1877StillwaterCityDirectoiy.10151 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionThepropertyalongwiththehomeat816SixthAvenueS.(thesouthYzofLot12andallofLot13)passedthroughthehandsofseveralspeculators,includingGeorgeChaseofRhodeIslandandEdmundButtsofStillwaterbeforebeingpurchasedbyNicholasYostinJulyof1885.Yost,awallpaperhanger,promptlytookoutamortgageandbuiltasubstantial$1,000home.102InAugustof1872,GeorgeChaseofRhodeIsland,who,15yearsearlierhadpurchasedLots13,14,15,Block1fromHilaryHancockasalandspeculation,soldthethreelotstoEdmundG.Butts,aStillwaterattorneyandalandspeculatorhimself.Eightyearslater,ButtssoldtheSouthhalfofLot14andallofLot15toWilliamH-Fellows,aclerkatthePostOfficeandrealestatedealer.FellowstookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationbutitdoesnotappearhebuiltontheselots.Instead,inMarchof1885,FellowssoldtoAlbertDrewswho,inturn,alsotookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationandbuiltthehousewhichtodayhasthenumber,822SouthSixthAvenue.Inthespringof1888,Drewstookoutabuildingpermittoallowlocalcontractorandbuilder,EdwrardOlson,adda$200,one-story,14footby18footkitchentotheoriginalhouse.Thesizeoftheoriginalhousewasnotedasatwo-story,18feetwideand26feetdeep.AlbertandHermanDrewswerebrothersinaflourandfeedmillatthefootofChestnutStreet.103IdaButts,thewifeofEdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealer,soldLots3&4,Block16toAugustaLippertinAugustof1885.Inthesummerof1888,shetookoutabuildingpermittoallowSvenBerglund,alocalcontractor,tobuildheraone-storyhouseat910SouthSixthAvenuethatwas22feetby30feet.Thecostwasestimatedat$875.104TheCanadian-bornJohnKeefe,whoislistedintheStillwaterCityDirectoriesasacook,andhiswife,Catherine,boughtLot5fromEdmundButts,alocalattorneyandrealestatedealer,inJuneof1873.Thetaxassessor’srecordsindicatehebuilthishouse—whichlatertookthenumber,916SouthSixthAvenue—about1877.HeaddedLot6atalaterdate.Therewerefourchildreninhishouseholdin1880.106102wDeeds220;10Deeds182;15Deeds352;1894StillwaterCityDirectory;SAM78,Roll13103SAM78,Roll15;WDeeds220;10Deeds182;PMtgs497;GDeeds482;SMtgs567;15Deeds380;1894StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#282.1047Deeds380;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#328.106XDeeds336;SAM7,Roll6;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,Family#310.52 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionCharlesKrone,anagentfortheSingerSewingMachineCompany,boughtLot8,Block16,fromhisnextdoorneighbortobe,FrancisWard,inOctober1886for$250.Thatsamemonth,hetookoutabuildingpermitforaone-and-a-half-storyhouse,16feetby24feet,whichwouldcost$200.ThecarpenterwasFrankPeterson.Thehousetookthenumber,924SouthSixthAvenue.In1910,a$400barn,one-storyinheight,18feetwideand24feetdeep,wasaddedtotheproperty.106InAprilof1883,FrancisWardboughtLots8&9,Block16fromElizabethChurchill.Twomonthslater,J.S.Anderson&Co,alumbercompany,filedalienagainstJamesandFrancisWardforlumberdelivered“fortheerectionofadwellinghousefinApril&Mayof1883.Theunpaidbillwas$132.93.Thishouselatertookthenumber,928SouthSixthAvenue.Threeyearslater,WardsoldLot8toCharlesKronefor$250.107John&EmmaMcRaeboughtLots10&11fromElizabethChurchillinMayof1883,takingbackamortgage.Withinthenextcoupleofyears,theyhadtheirhouseat1002SouthSixthAvenuebuilt,fortheyappearfirstinthe1887StillwaterCityDirectory.Johnwasasurveyor.1081010SouthSixthAve.built1947.TheSwiss-bornFredHefty,alaborer,andhiswife,BethanypurchasedLot14,Block16,fromElizabethChurchillinMarch,1877.Withinayear,hehadbegunconstructionofahouseat1016SouthSixthAvenue.By1880,theyhadthreechildrenaspartoftheirhousehold.109SouthThirdStreetDiscontentatlivingoutnearLilyLake,farfromdowntown,theIrishbornJohn&MaryO'Shaughnessy,aged31and29,purchasedLots28,29,30,Block3onaWarrantyDeedfor$500inJuneof1870,takingbackamortgagefromtheseller.Withinayear,thetaxassessorrecordsasubstantial$800houseonLot29takingthenumber,703SouthThirdStreet.By1880,thereweretwoparents,eightchildren,twoboarders,andaservantlivinginthehouse.JohnO'Shaughnessywasaprosperousdealerinbootsandshoes.Hewrasalso,atonetime,anagentforthenew"SingerSewingMachinecompany,theCascadeClothesWasherandtheCunardMail10619Deeds234;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#'s14S,1407.1077Deeds174;19Deeds234;ALiens336;1887StillwaterCityDirectory.1087Deeds212.;TMtgs266.109ZDeeds430;1881-82&1884StillwaterCityDirectories;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,Family#308..53 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionLineSteamshipCompany.AsmallnoteintheStillwaternewspaper,TheRepublican,datedNovember3,1870reads“Mr.J.O’ShaughnessyisthisweekmovingintohisnewhouseoutonThirdStreet.Itisquiteatastefullybuiltresidence.Wenoticequiteanumberofnewhousesinthatneighborhood.Thesuburbsarebuildinguprapidly.”Thefamilylivedthereover50years.In1925,JamesO’Shaughnessyspent$3,600torearrangetheinteriorofthehouse.The13thchildofthisfamily,IgnatiusAloysiusO’Shaughnessy,wastomakehisfortuneinoil,andbecomealeadingphilanthropistofMinnesotasome75yearslater.110DavidandMargaretTozerboughtLots1,2&3,Block4,fromEdmundandAugustaButtsinAprilof1868for$300.Davidwasage45atthistime,aprosperouslumbermanwhobelievedinowningrealestate.Asthecarefulreaderwillnote,TozerwasanearlyinvestorintheSouthHillk,buyinganumberoflotsinthisimmediateareainthelate1860’sbeforetheCourthouseandCentralSchoolwerebuilt.Onmostofhislotshebuiltrentalproperty,butontheseparticularlotshebuilthisownrather(fortheday)sumptuousbrickhousein1874,ahousevaluedabout$2,500bythetaxassessor.Inthefallof1888,TozertookoutabuildingpermittoallowSvenBerglund,alocalcarpenterandcontractor,tobuilda$1,000,one-story18footby29footaddition(withaporchinfront)tothehousetoserveasalibrary.Liketheoriginalhouse,thisadditionwouldbebrickveneer.Thesizeoftheoriginalhouseisnotedinthepermitasbeingtwo-story,28feetby30feetwithahiproof.Thisestate,whichcametoincludelots27-30behindthehouse,tookthenumber704SouthThirdStreet.In1936,inthemidstofthegreatdepression,David’sdaughter,OliveWaldref,paidlocalcontractorEdwinOlsen,almost$11,000for“completeremodelingofpresentbuildingbothinside&exterior,additionof9x10tomainbuildinganda20x20garage,alsonew.”DavidTozerwasborninNewBrunswick;hiswife’sfamilywasfromScotlandbywayofCanada.In1880,theyhadfourchildrenlivinginthehousewiththem:David,Jr.,16;Ford,9;Julia,6;andOlive,3.Therewereinadditiontwoservants:AmeliaGaudiere,19andJohnParant,22.111George&SarahRooneyboughtLots4to7,Block4onaWarrantyDeedinJune1868.InSeptemberandOctoberof1875,theyhiredOliverBelisleat$2.75perday(skilledcarpentrycost$2.75-$3.00aday)tohelphimbuildahousethatlatertookthenumber,712SouthThirdStreet.Belisleworked9-1/4daysfor25.43.Thetaxassessor’svalueof$1680onthelotsand110TDeeds237;IMtgs15;SAM78,Roll8;HistoryofHolcombe’sAdditionsResidentialAreabyDonaldEmpson,p.97;1877StillwaterCityDirectory;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,family#103;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#2101.111SDeeds377;SAM7,Roll4;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;1880FederalCensusofStillwater,family#126;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#’s371,2436,2444.54 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionhousewouldcertainlyindicateagoodsizedhome.Georgeislistedinthe1877CityDirectoryasateamster.The1880CensusliststheCanadian-hornGeorgeasoneofthreefamilieslivinginasingleresidence;withhimarehisdaughters,IrmaandFlorence,andhissons,GeorgeandLee.JamesBrotherton,ahoarder,isalsosharingthehousehold.Whathappenedtothisfirsthouseonthelotisuncertain,butinthesummerof1914,RobertMcGarry,whohadbeenlivingintheoldhouse,contractedwithlocalcontractor,FrankLinner&Co.tobuildanewhouseonthelot.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,the$4,000housewastobetwo-story,30feetby32feet,withacementbasement.112TherewasahouseonLots26&27,Block3,asearlyas1872whenthetaxassessornoteda$300improvement,withtheword“/icuse”penciledin.JohnMcCarthy,one-timePostmasterofStillwater,livedinthishouse,whichtookthenumber713S.ThirdStreet,forovertwodecades.Todaythetwrolotsareoccupiedbyanewerhousebuiltin1939thattakesthenumber715SouthThirdStreet.EmilJohnsonwastheowner,andapparentlythebuilderofthisnewerhouse,which,accordingtothebuildingpermit,cost$3,500.Theoriginalhousewasasmallhouse,22feetby34feet,one-story,withoakflooring.113Thehistoryofthishouseisuncertain.Lots4to7wereinthehandsofGeorge&SarahRooney(see712SouthThirdStreet)untilthe1880’s.Theearlytaxassessor’srecordfor1870indicatesthereisa$500houseonLot7;todaythehouseoccupyingLots6&7is718SouthThirdStreet.ItcouldbetheRooney’sbuiltthishousefirst,thenrenteditwhiletheybuilt712SouthThirdStreet.Inthespringof1897,therewere,accordingtoabuildingpermit,substantialchangesmadetothishouse.Theellpartwasmovedfromthesouthsidetoendofthebuilding,andanewporchwasaddedinfrontandasmallporchintherear.114The1872StillwaterTaxAssessor’srecordindicatesa$200improvementonLots24&25,Block3,withtheword“house”penciledin.Allen&MarthaArnoldweretheownersoftheproperty,buttwoyearslater,inAugustof1874,theysoldthepropertytoasingleman,CharlesMcKenziefor$800.The1877StillwaterCityDirectorylistsCharlesMcKenzie,alaborer,livingonthecornerof3rd&Locuststreets,whileDanielMcKenzie,amillhand,waslivingontheeastsideof3rd,southofGoodwood[Willard]whichwouldfitthenumber719S.ThirdStreet.InJulyof1888,Charles112SDeeds451;ALiens127;8Deeds42;SAM7,Roll4;1880FederalCensusofStillwater,family#228-3;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1569.113SAM5,Roll2;8Deeds325;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#2567.114SDeeds451;SAM7,Roll2;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#928.55 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionMcKenzie,stillsingleandlivinginDuluth,soldthepropertytoJohn&KateGlaspiefor$1625,apricethatindicatestherewasahouseonthetwolots.However,whathousetheremayhavebeenwasdemolished,forabuildingpermittakenoutinSeptemberof1888detailsanewhousebeingconstructedforJohnGlaspieonthesetwolots.Thisnewhouse,whichremainstoday,wastwostoriesinheight,35feetby48feet,andvaluedat$5,000,averyexpensivehouseforthetime.Atthesametime,Glaspiealsohada$1,000one-and-a-halfstorybarn,22feetby27feet,constructedaswellasa$200woodshed.ThecontractorforallthreewasThomasSutherland,wholivedonlyashortdistanceawayat1009S.FourthStreet.Sutherlandbuiltseveralotherhousesintheneighborhood,(seeindex).In1921,localcarpenter,EmilBiegingwaspaid$350toputhardwoodfloorsonthefirstfloor.115In1878,DavidTozer,alumbermanwhoseliveddowntheblockat704S.Third,boughtLots21,22,23,Block3for$100perlot,or$300total.In1880,hebuiltmoderatesizerentalhousesat801SouthThirdStreet,805SouthThirdStreet,807SouthThirdStreet,oneoneachlot.Thepropertiesremainedinhispossessionuntilaftertheturnofthecentury.OnNewYear’sDay,1905,at2:20inthemorning,amajorfireseverelydamagedthehouseat801SouthThirdStreet.MichaelWelshwasthetenantatthattime,andthedamagewasestimatedat$1,244.40.departmentone-and-one-halfhourstoputouttheblaze.116IttookthefireJ.M.KnightsecuredaWarrantyDeedtoLots8,9,&10,Block4fromElizabethChurchillinMayof1873for$375,thepriceofthelotsalone.The1871StillwaterGazette,inlistingtheimprovementsinthecity,notedaresidenceworth$1,600hadbeenbuiltonThirdStreetbyJ.M.Knight.Fiveyearslater,WilmotA.Hurseyboughtthosesamethreelotsandthehouseat804SouthThirdStreetfor$1400.Inthesummerof1902,accordingtoabuildingpermit,AdolphSprich,alocalcarpenter,increasedthesizeofthehousewitha$1,500“twoadditionbybuild,totheoldBuildingalsoanewRooftobeconstructetandthesecondfloorhaveentirelynewWallsontheOutside.”LateintheeveningofMay14,1909,whenJohnJ.Kiltyownedtheproperty,abarnonthelotsburnedwithalossof$921.117Thehouseat808SouthThirdStreetismostlyonLot10,Block4.ThatlotwasvariouslyinthehandsofJ.M.KnightandWilmotHurseywhobuiltandoccupiedthehomeat804SouthThirdStreet.InMayof1889,118SAM5,Roll2;ZDeeds307;24Deeds554;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#'s357,367,368,1820.116SAM78,Roll11;1Deeds619;60Deeds478;firedepartmentrecords.117StillwaterGazette,November14,1871;XDeeds315;1Deeds486;FireDept,records;CityofStillwaterBuildingpermit#1072.56 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionWilmot&MaryHurseyappliedforapermittohavetheNortheyBrothers,localcontractors,buildhimahouseat808SouthThirdStreet.Thehousewasquiteexpensive:$1,600;itwas2stories,26feetwideand46feetdeep.Thecellarwastobesevenfeetdeep,14feetby14feet.Itwasnotuntil1893thattheexactdimensionsofthepresentpropertywerepiecedtogether,whenMaryHurseysoldLot10toWilliamChalmers,andChristineJacksonsoldthenorth5feetofLot11toWilliamChalmers.118InAugustof1872,EdmundButts,arealestatedealerintheneighborhood,soldLydiaandGeorgeGaslin,Lot20,Block3,for$100.Thefollowingyear,thetaxassessornotedan$800house,whichlatertookthenumber811SouthThirdSt.onthelot,indicatingagoodsizedhome.However,anarticleintheStillwaterGazette,November14,1871,onimprovementsthroughoutthecitynotes,onThirdStreet,the“GeoGaslinresidence$1,000”TheGaslinsownedthepropertyforthenextdecade,buttheyarenotlistedintheStillwaterCityDirectoriesofthatperiodsuggestingthehousewasrentalproperty.Thathousewasapparentlyeitherdemolishedormoved,forabuildingpermittakenoutinNovemberof1902detailsanewhouseonthislotbuiltbycontractorEugeneSchmidtfortheowner,JamesW.Foleywholivednextdoor.Thehousewastobebuilt20feetwideand44feetdeepatacost,of$7,500.Thecellarwastobeundertheentirehouse.119ThearticleintheStillwaterGazette,November14,1871onimprovementsinthecityalsonotes,afterlistingalltheimprovements,“Weunderstandthataverylargenumberofbuildingswillbeerectednextseason—possiblealargernumberthanthisseason.Inlookingupourbuildingstatisticsfortheseasonjustclosing,wefindinnumberlessinstancesonlycellarsdugandinsomecases,foundationslaid,withanellerected,sufficientforthetemporaryaccommodationofthefamily,theintentionbeing,innearlyeverycasetocompletethebuildingsnextyear.Inthisrespecttherewillbemoremoneyexpendedinbuildingsandpermanentimprovementsnextseasonthanthis.”InAprilof1896,WilliamChalmerssoldLot19,Block3toJamesW.FoleyonaWarrantyDeedfor$350,apricewhichindicatestherewasnobuildingonthelot.Foley,abookkeeper,builthishomeat813SouthThirdStreetonthelotthesameyear.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,thecontractorswereAdolphSprichandEugeneSchmidt;thecostofthehousewasestimatedat$1,650.Itwastobetwostorieshigh,andapproximately30feetby35feet.12011835Deeds521,558;119SAM78,Roll9;XDeeds83;WashingtonCountyTaxAssessor'soffice;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1088.12046Deeds9;1905StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#889.57 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionTheSwedish-bornAugust&ChristineJacksonboughtLot11,Block4inJulyof1876,andLot12,Block4,twoyearslaterinAugustof1878.Jackson,whowasbornin1850,wasacarpenterandcontractor,anditisquitelikelythathepersonallybuiltthishomeat814SouthThirdStreetin1877.By1880,theyhadfivechildrenundertheageofsix,aswellasaboarder,livinginthehousewiththem.Inthespringof1886,Jacksonbuilta$200one-and-a-halfstorystable,26feetby18feetdeeponhisproperty.121Thefirsthomeat821SouthThirdStreetoriginallyhadthehousenumber,743SouthThirdStreet.WilliamForan,araftsman,andlater,aforemanforIsaacStaples,purchasedLots16,17,18,19fortheastoundingpriceof$2400,whichincludedan$850houseonLot16.Thathighpricefortheselotsisreflectedinsubsequentannualtaxassessor’srecords.Inanycase,Foranlivedinahouseattheaddress,743SouthThirdStreetinthe1880’s.Inthesummerof1895,thishousewasmovedsouthtoBlock1,Lot20ofMarsh'sAddition.(Todaythisisthelocationofanewerhousebuiltin1955at1117FifthStreetSouth).Initsplace,WilliamChalmers,presidentoftheSt.CroixLumberCompany,hada$3,500housebuiltbylocalcontractorsAdolphSprichandEugeneSchmidt.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,thehousewastobe28feetby42feet,2stories,withacellarfloorofconcrete.122Theoriginalhouseat822SouthThirdStreetwasbuiltaround1870,butthefirstpersontoownthehouseforanylengthoftimewasMaryCapron.Thepresentbuildingisaconglomeration,butitappearsmostoftheelements(turret,dentils,brackets,porchpediment)datefromtheturnofthecentury.Whetherasecondhousewasbuilt,orthepresentbuildingdatesfrom1870,1cannotsayInashuffleofbuildingsinthesummerof1912,WalterJohnson,whohadafancygrocerystoreat1003SouthThirdStreet,movedthehouseonthecorner,903SouthThirdStreet,onelotsouthwherethehousetookthenewhousenumber,905SouthThirdStreet.Onthenowvacantcornerlot,hehadastorebuilt,whichtookthenumber,901SouthThirdStreet.(TodayitistheStillwaterApostolicChurch).Accordingtothebuildingpermit,theconcreteblockstructurewastocost$3,000,betwo-story,30feetby60feet,withaflattargravelroof.Overtheyears,ithashadmanyuses,butits1211Deeds203;5Deeds52;1877And1887StillwaterCityDirectories;1880FederalCensusofStillwater,family#123;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#22.SAM78,Roll9;XDeeds103;1877&1884StillwaterCityDirectories;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermits#854&859.12258 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditioninitialusewasasthegrocerystoreofWalterJohnsonwhotookupresidencenextdoorat905SouthThirdStreet.123DavidTozer,alumbermanandrealestatespeculator,whobuiltanumberofhousesinthisneighborhood—andlivedformanyyearsat704SouthThirdStreet—purchasedLots1&2,Block13inAugustof1873.Withinayear,hehadbuiltacubedItalianatehousewithitstypicalhiproofthatwastotakethenumber,904SouthThirdStreet.TheTaxAssessor,makinghisroundsin1874,penciledinanote“$1000addedforhouse,”Butitappearsthehousewasenlarged(orfinished)shortlythereafterforinMayof1875,Tozerleasedtheproperty“togetherwiththedwellinghousethereon”toFrankandMaryJoy.ThecouplewerebothYankeesfromMaine,thenintheirearly‘30’s.Therentonthehousewas$20.00permonth,however,theleasestipulated,Joycouldpurchasethehousefor$2,400anytimewithintwoyears—lesstheamountofrentalreadypaid.Joyalsogotpermissiontobuildastableonthetwolots.ButitwasMarchof1878beforeJoyreceivedtheWarrantyDeedonhispurchase.By1880,thecouplehadcomfortablysettledinwithnochildren,buta20*year-oldIrishservant,KatieMoarity,lookedafterthem.Inthelate1880’sFrankJoywaspresidentoftheStillwaterConstruction&FurnishingCompany,whodidagooddealofbusinessinthisimmediateneighborhood.124D.L.BurlinghampurchasedLot27&28inJuneof1871fromJ.M.&SarahKnight.Hepaidtheverylargesumof$1,065forthetwolots.The1872taxassessor’srecordnotesa$800houseonthetwolots.TheStillwaterGazette,inalistofimprovementprintedinitsNovember14,1871issue,notesanewresidencebyD.L.BurlinghamonThirdStreet.Thevalueisgivenas$1,200.ThekeytothelargesalepricemaybethatBurlinghamtookbackamortgagefortheamountofthesalefromtheKnights,inotherwords,theKnightsperhapsprovidedthefinancingforahousewhichlatertookthenumber,905SouthThirdStreetonthelots.Burlinghamwasatthistime,ahousepainter;laterhewentintothebusinessofsellingbooks,stationery,andnewsmagazines.Butjustasinamysterynovel,whenyouthinkyouhavesolvedtheissue,anewcluecomesup.AbuildingpermittakenoutinJuneof1912,recordsthatWalterJohnson,whohadafancygrocerystoreat1003SouthThirdStreet,movedthehousethatwasonLot28(todaythesiteoftheStillwaterApostolicChurch)—whichhadthenumber,903SouthThirdStreet—toLot27whereittookthenewnumber905SouthThirdStreet,andbecamethenewresidenceofWalterJohnson,Thusitwouldappearthepresenthouseat905SouthThirdStreetisthesecondhouseon123CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1504;seealsoentryat905SouthThirdStreet.124XDeeds382;1Deeds510;EBonds243;SAM7,Roll4;1877,1887StillwaterCityDirectories;1880FederalCensusofStillwater,family#129.59 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionthatlot,anditshistorywouldbethatofthehousepreviouslyat903SouthThird—ahousethatwasalsobuiltbyD.L.Burlinghaminthe1870’s.125EdwardStewart,alumberman,obtainedtheWarrantyDeedforLots3&4,Block13,inthespringof1874,and,thetaxassessor’srecordindicates,builtahomesoonafterwards.Whenhousenumberswereassignedadecadelater,thishousetookthenumber,910SouthThirdStreet.Thepresenthouseonthesetwolots,906SouthThirdStreet,wasbuiltin1906byFrankLinner&Co.forMrs.Ida"Johnson.Thehousecost$3,000,was30feetby40feetwithamansardroof.Italsohadindoorplumbing:twowaterclosets,twowashbasins,oneenameledironsinkandabathtub.126Whiletherearealwayssomeoldhousesthataredifficulttodocument,thehouseat907SouthThirdStreetisnotoneofthem.Thankstotwohensfiledagainstthehome,wegetanextraordinaryvisionofbuildingahouseinStillwaterinthe1870’s.Afterpassingthroughseveralowners,HarlowMcIntyrepurchasedLots25&26,Block14inSeptember1877for$400.Sixmonthslater,hetookoutamortgage,$1,000at6%,fromtheStillwaterBuildingAssociation.Itisuncertainwherehespenthismortgagemoney,butapparentlyitdidnotgotothosewhobuilthishouse.WilliamMay,acontractorandbuilderlivingonSixthandPineStreets,filedahenfor$239.75againsttheproperty.Thisamount,whichisitemized,representsMay’slaborattheskilledrateof$3.00aday,andhiscrew’slaborattherateofeither$2.25or$2.50aday.MayandhiscrewworkedtobuildthishousefromJune20toJuly16,1878.Ittook95man/workdaystobuildthishouseoveraperiodof35calendardaysforalaborcostof$239.75.InNovemberof1878,Seymour&SabinCompany,alocallumberdealerandmanufacturingcompanyalsofiledahenagainstthepropertyfor"LumberandWoodenware,Doors,SashandBlinds”whichisadetailedhstofitemssoldbetweenApril24andSept28,1877andfurnishedforthehouse.Amongthemanyitemslisted,someareparticularlyinteresting:flightofstairs$18.00,frontdoorframeandtransom$3.00,5windowsforbaywindows,12x36$12.50,2windowframesforprivy$1.50,32feetcovemolding.96,layingchimneys$37.50,1040yardsofplaster$156.00,18fenceposts$2.25,1pairfoldingdoors7'6"x8'6"$12.00,frontdoor4'8"x7'6"glasspanel$13.00.Thetotalamountofthematerialswas$1,253.17.Ifyouaddtogetherthelaborandmaterials,youcanseethetotalbillforconstructingthishousewasinexcessof$1,500,makingitasubstantialhouseforitsday.InMayof1886,Judd226TDeeds694;SAM7,Roll3;1877,1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1503.126XDeeds559;ZDeeds379;SAM7,Roll4;1887StillwaterCityDirectory;CityofStillwaterBuildingpermit#'s1269,1271.60 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionOrff,thecurrentowner,addeda.largeone-and-a-halfstorystabletothelots.127JamesGillespiepurchasedtheN-l/2ofLot23,andallofLot24fromAlfredMarcelinSeptemberof1880.Sixyearslater,hetookoutamortgagewithwhichitappearshebuilthishouseat913SouthThirdStreet.(Foratime,thishousehadthenumber,915SouthThirdStreet.)128Inthe1874TaxAssessor’srecord,thereisapencilednoteonLot5,Block13:“$300addedforhouseHenryPrince,arealestatedealer,purchasedLots5,6,&7inAprilof1872.Itappearsheaddedasmallstructure,orperhapsapartialhousetoLot5beforehesoldthelottoIsadoreBelisleinthefallof1875for$400.(OrperhapsBelislehadanunrecordedContractunderwhichhebuiltthehouse.)Twoyearslater.BelislesoldthepropertytoFrancisRevoir,alaborer,whoislistedinthe1877StillwaterCityDirectoryaslivingatthislocation.The1880FederalCensusforStillwater(family#111)listsFrancis,age60,andhiswife,Mary,age58;bothofthemwereborninCanada.Theyhadason,Prosper,age20,andadaughter,Mary,age16,livingwiththem.Todaythathousehasthenumber,916SouthThirdStreet.129FrancisRevoirownedLot6aswellasLot5(see916SouthThirdStreetabove).In1887,hesoldthislottoLawsonDailey;in1905DaileysoldittoJamesC.Sullivan.Somewherebetweenthesethreeowners,918SouthThirdStreetwasbuilt.130MichaelGillespieboughthispropertyinOctoberof1879;thefollowingJunehetookoutamortgagewiththeStillwaterBuildingAssociationandbuilthishomeat919SouthThirdStreet.Inhislateryears,Gillespiewasadealerinwoodandcoal.131TheAllardfamilybuiltthishomeat920SouthThirdStreetaround1880.132Fromallappearance,itappears1001SouthThirdStreetwasbuiltabout1880.ItwasintheRivardfamily.1271Deeds394;NMtgs228;ALiens195,221;StillwaterBldgPermit#35.1285Deeds589;XMtgs344;1887StillwaterCityDirectory.129XDeeds212;YDeeds636;1Deeds449;SAM7,Roll4.13019Deeds472;60Deeds418.1315Deeds253;PMtgs118;1881-2,1887StillwaterCityDirectories.13215Deeds258;SAM78,Roll11.61 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionJohnGierietpurchasedLots8&9,Block13,inJuneof1876,andhebuiltasubstantialhouse—whichlatertookthenumber,1002SouthThirdStreet—withinayear.Apparentlyhisresidencewasinquestion,forin1877,hefiledahomesteaddeclarationonhisproperty.Johnrana“saloonandbilliards”onthecornerofMainandChestnutStreets.133AccordingtoabuildingpermitapplicationdatedinDecemberof1891,ProsperN.Rivardwishedtoaddtohisoriginalbuildingat1003SouthThirdStreet—whichwasone-story,18feetwideand26feetdeep—a$75one-storyaddition12feetby16feet..Thisadditionwastobeusedasastore.InMarch1901,hespent$400formorelivingandstorespaceinan18footby20foot,twostoryaddition.Thefirstfloorceilingwastobeofiron.In1912,thistvasthestoreofWalterJohnsonwhosubsequentlymovedto901SouthThirdStreet.Lots20,21,22wereownedbyRivardfamily..134ThomasSutherland,aCanadian-borncontractorandbuilder,alongwithhiswife,Susan,purchasedthispropertyinthefallof1881,andbuiltahouseat1006SouthThirdStreetsoonafterward.Sutherlandlivedforatimebehindthishouseat1009SouthFourthStreet.Healsolivedatotheraddressesinthisimmediateneighborhood.In1894,SutherlandmovedtoHutchinson,Minnesota.ThehousewaspurchasedbyFrederickSwensonwhohiredalocalcontractor,Baird&Johnson,toraisetheroofofthehouseandaddasecondstoryonforacostof$200.136LatvsonDaily,acarpenter,purchasedLots18&19inJulyof1881.Itappearshebuiltthehousesa1007SouthThirdStreetand1009SouthThirdStreetsoonafterhispurchase.Dailey,wrholivedat704SouthSecondStreet,apparentlybuilttheseasrentalhouses.In1920,FrankLinner&Co.,localcontractors,did$3,000wothorremodelingon1009SouthThirdStreet,includinga10x16footadditionintherear,andnewfloorsinside.136HenryPrince,alocalrealestatespeculator,soldLot11,Block13toLouisBilloouinthespringof1876.Attheendofthesummer,LouistookoutamortgagewiththeSt.CroixLumberCompanyandbuiltasmallhousethathasthenumber,1010SouthThirdStreettoday.137InNovemberof1883,LawrsonDaileyboughtLot17,Block14,fromAliceE.Castle.Hebuiltthehouseat1013SouthThirdStreetwithina1331Deeds191;EBonds496;SAM7,Roll6;1877StillwaterCityDirectory.134CityofStillwaterBuildingPermits#636,#1025ODeeds413;SAM78,Roll13;1894StillwaterCityDirectory;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,Family#137;CityofStillwaterBuildingpermit#806.SAM78,Roll11;RDeeds72;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1795.1371Deeds179;MMtgs5;1884StillwaterCityDirectory.13513662 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionyear.Like1007and1009SouthThirdStreet,thiswasanotherofhisrentalhouses.138EdmundButts,anattorneyandlocalrealestatespeculator,soldLot12,Block13,toAlexanderDurocherinSeptember,1877.Durocher,acarpenter,musthavebuilthishouse—whichtookthenumber,1014SouthThirdStreet—almostimmediatelyforheislistedinthe1877StillwaterCityDirectoryatthatlocation.139Thehistoryofthehouseat1019-1021SouthThirdStreet(Lots15&16,Block14)isdifficulttodecipher.The1873TaxAssessorsrecordhasapencilednoteaddedtoLots11-17,Block14:“PagesHouse.”Thevalueofthehouseisgivenas$150.Thefollowingyear,thevalueofjustLot16isgivenat$1280withapencilednote:“$1100addedforhouse.”TheownerisgivenasMortimerWebster,arealestatespeculatorintheneighborhood.By1877,thevalueofthesetwolotsisnotedbythetaxassessoras$2200—indicatingaquitelargehouse—andtheownerislistedasAmandaPaige.HoweverthefirstrecordeddeedonthispropertyisinJuneof1879whenElizabethChurchillsoldthelotstoLouiseandSturgessSelleckwhotookupresidencethere.SturgessandLouisewerefromtheEast;hefromConnecticut,shefromOhio.The1880Censuslistshimasbeing55;sheas52.Theyhaveadaughterandagrandsonlivingwiththemaswellas(asignofprosperityperhaps)twoservants.Mostlikelytheearliertransactionswereintheformofunrecordedcontractsorbondsfordeed.Churchilloftenhadtroublepayingthetaxesonherlots,anditisnotpossibletorecordadeedifthereareunpaidtaxes.LouiseSellecksoldthepropertytoAliceE.CastleinOctoberof1882.An1899buildingpermitnotesthattheownerswrerespendingabout$700onanewadditionandrepairstothemainbuilding.140DanielO'NeilpurchasedLots13&14fromattorneyandrealestatespeculator,EdmundButtsinMayof1875.InAugustofthesameyear,hetookamortgagefromSeymour,Sabin&Co.,alumberdealerandmanufacturingconcerninStillwater.Twoyearslater,in1877,thetaxassessorplacedavalueof$1050onLot14indicatingasubstantialhouseonthisproperty.Whenhousenumberswrereassignedinthemid-1880’s,thishousetookthenumber,1022SouthThirdStreet.141133SAM78,Roll13;12Deeds357.1391Deeds4341405Deeds419;10Deeds480;1881-82StillwaterCityDirectory;SAM78,Roll9;SAM7,Roll4;SAM7.Roll6;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,family#112;StillwaterBldgPermit#9831411Deeds26;KMtgs357;1877StillwaterCityDirectory.63 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionSouthFourthStreetLots26-28,Block4,werepurchasedbyDavidTozerinNovemberof1868for$200.Hebuilttworentalhomesofthelotsthattookthenumbers713SouthFourthStreetand715SouthFourthStreet.Tozer,asuccessfullumberman,livedintheneighborhoodat704SouthThirdStreet.Hebuiltseveralrentalhousesinthearea;theyremainedinhisownershipuntilaftertheturnofthecentury.142JohnSinclair,alogger,boughtLots24&25inOctober,1874.By1877,thetaxassessor’svalueofthelotshadrisenfrom$480to$1150,indicatingahomeoftheproperty.Thishouseat719SouthFourthStreetwashometoJamesA.SinclairandTillieSinclair,aswellasMr.&Mrs.JohnSinclair.143•AnnaMaloyobtainedaWarrantyDeedonLots22&23inMayof1873fromElizabethChurchill,butitappearsshehadalreadybuiltahouseonthelots.TheStillwaterGazetteinitslistingofimprovementsinthecity,notedahousebuiltinNelson'sField(astheSouthHillwasthencalled)byMrs.Maloyworth$900.Thetaxassessor’srecord,lessenthusiastic,hasthenote,“$300house”penciledin.Whenhousenumberswerelaterassignedinthe1880’s,thishousetookthenumber,801SouthFourthStreet.Bythetime,thehousenumberwasassigned,thehousewasinthepossessionofthePatrickBarronfamilywholivedthereforquiteawhile.144Forthehistorian,listsofimprovementslikethatintheStillwaterGazetteareinvaluableindeterminingthedatesoftheseveryoldhouses.WehavetothanktheEditorwhodidnotregardcompilingthislistingasaneasytask:“Thistaskofcollectingandarrangingthismassofstatisticshasoccupiedthegreaterpartofourtimeduringthepasttwoweeks,andtheperplexitiesandannoyancesattendingitisknownonlytoonewhohastriedit.Inmanycases,wehaveencounteredignorantpropertyowners,cautiousandmulishwhosmelttaxesinthedimfutureandmuchsmoothtalkandexplanationwerenecessarytoconvincethemthatourobjectwasonlytoshowtothepublicacarefulexhibitofthepermanentgrowthandprosperityofourcity,andthatinno142SDeeds543;SAM7,Roll5.1431Deeds54;SAM7,Roll5;SAM7,Roll6;1884StillwaterCityDirectory.144SAM7,Roll3;ZDeeds259;1884StillwaterCityDirectory;StillwaterGazette,November14,187164 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditioncasewouldourfiguresbeusedasabasisoftaxation.Eventhen,wehavefrequentlybeencompelledtoresorttoestimateswhich,inallcases,arethemostcarefulobtainable.”TheIrish-borncouple,TimothyandAbbieKilty,boughtLots20&21,Block4,inSeptember1871.HisnewhouseisnotedinalistofimprovementpublishedintheStillwaterGazetteofNovember14,1871.The24footby26foothousewaslocatedinNelson’sField(astheSouthHillwasthencalled)andworth$800.Thetaxassessor’srecordfor1873specifiesahouseworth$400onLot21.The1877StillwaterCityDirectorylists:“TimothyKilty,laborer,res.4thnr.Churchill.”.By1880,theyhadtenchildrenlivinginthehousewiththem,rangingfromage27toage6.Therewasalsooneboarder.Whenhousenumberswereassigned,thishousetookthenumber,807SouthFourthStreet..ACityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#32takenoutonApril29,1886givesussomeadditionalinformationonthishouse.ThePermitsaysthehousewasbuiltabout1873byaJ.Powersatacostof$700.Theoriginalhouse,accordingtothePermit,wasone-and-one-halfstorieshigh,18feetwideand26feetdeepwitha16-footby16-footcellar.Tothisoriginalstructurehadbeenaddedakitchenintherear.Thereasonforthis1886Permitwastoallowthisolderkitchenadditiontoberemovedandreplacedwithanew$25kitchenaddition.TheownerwasTimothyKilty(whosignedwithan"X”);the“architect’waslistedasL.W.Clarke,(hewasthecityengineer)andthebuilderasMichaelCarroll,acarpenterwhowaslivingintheneighborhoodat924SouthFourthStreet.145Thishouseat815SouthFourthStreetwasbuiltabout1883byamemberoftheKiltyfamily.WithoutaKiltyfamilygenealogy,itisdifficulttosortoutthevariousfamilymembersandtheirrelationships.ThefirstnameappearingonthispropertyisPatrickKilty.146ThisisanotherKiltyhouse.TimothyandPatrickKiltyboughtLot18inMayof1883,andtheybuiltahouseat817SouthFourthStreetonitsoonafter.147823SouthFourthStreetwasbuiltasagasolineservicestationin1923bytheStillwaterOilCompanyanditsproprietor,J.J.Kilty.ThecontractorwasW.E.Meierwholivednearbyat915SouthFourthStreet.Accordingtothebuildingpermit,thecostwas$2,500;thesizeofthebuilding145UDeeds764;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#32;SAM78,Roll9;1880Census146SAM78,Roll13’-477Deeds173;SAM78,Roll15.65 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionwas75feetwideand67.5feetdeep.Itwastobeheatedwithastoveandhavemetalceilings.148BeforetherewasaMeister’sBarat901SouthFourthStreet,therewasfirstahouse.James&EllenWelchpurchasedLot28,Block13fromElizabethChurchillinAprilof1875;theytookoutamortgagetobuildahouseat117WestChurchillthefollowingyear.Jamesislistedinthe1877and1887StillwaterCityDirectoriesasalaborer.Inthesummerof1901,localcarpenter,AdolphSprichbuiltastoreandhouseonLot28.The$2,000buildingwastwostory,38feetwideand40feetdeep.Thecellarwassevenfeetdeep,34feetby36feet,withacementfloor.Thefirstfloorwashardwood;thesecondfloorwasclearpine.TheownerswereCharlesandCarrieGlaserandtheyoperatedabakery(901SouthFourthSt.)andhome(903SouthFourthSt.)outofthebuilding.149ThomasandElsieWardboughtLots26&27,Block13,fromElizabethChurchillinSeptemberof1871.AccordingtotheStillwaterGazette’slistingofimprovementsinitsissueofNovember14,1871,TomWardhadbuilta24footby26foothomeinNelson’sField(astheSouthHillwasthencalled)thatwasworth$800.Thetaxassessorwasnotsosanguine,givingthehouseavalueof$350in1873.Thathousewaslatertotakethenumber,909SouthFourthStreet.Wardwasalumberman,andthefamilylivedtherefordecades.150JamesMcGeeboughtLot25,Block13inAprilof1881,andby1884,EdwardMcGee,afarmer,islistedastheresidentof913SouthFourthStreet.151JohnandMaryGillispiepurchasedLot24,Block13fromElizabethChurchillinAugustof1873,butitdoesnotappearhebuiltontheLot.Insteadthefirsthouseonthisproperty,915SouthFourthStreet,wasbuilt,in1895whenMaryMcGrathtookoutamortgagefromtheStillwaterFireDepartmentReliefAssociation.152HenryC.White,alumberman,andhiswife,Mary,obtainedaWarrantyDeedforLot23,Block13fromElizabethChurchillinJuneof1877.ThecouplewasborninMaine:hein1844;shein1851.By1880,theyhadtwodaughtersinthehouse:Florence,9;Alice,2;andoneson,Henry,4.However,itappearshehada$100improvement(asmallorpartialhouse?)148CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#2011.143ZDeeds240;MMtgs120;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1028.150SAM78,Roll9;XDeeds393;1877and1887StillwaterCityDirectories.151ZDeeds134;8Deeds140;1884and1887StillwaterCityDirectories.152ZDeeds643;7Mtgs96;66 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionasearlyas1873accordingtothetaxassessor’srecords.Bythetimehousenumberswereassignedinthe1880’s,HenryWhitewaslistedat919SouthFourthStreet.163Itwasnotunusualtobuildahouseinstagesinthe1870’sand80s.AbriefnoteintheStillwaterGazetteexplains:“Weunderstandthataverylargenumberofbuildingswillbeerectednextseason—possiblyalargernumberthanthisseason.Inlookingupourbuildingstatisticsfortheseasonjust-closing,wefindinnumberlessinstancesonlycellarsdugandinsomecases,foundationslaid,withanellerected,sufficientforthetemporaryaccommodationofthefamily,theintentionbeing,innearlyeverycasetocompletethebuildingsnextyear.”154TimothyandCatherineCrowleyobtainedaWarrantyDeedfromElizabethChurchillforLot22,Block13,inMarchof1873.Butitappearsthehomehebuiltat921SouthFourthStreetprecededtheWarrantyDeed.TheStillwaterGazetteinlistingimprovementsmadeinthecitynotes,underthelocation“Nelson’sField’(astheSouthHillwasthencalled),“TimCrowley,res.18x24$250.”By1887,thehomewasinthenameofJamesCrowley.155Aftergoingthroughseveralowners,JohnConklin,awidower,boughtLots20&21,Block13inJanuaryof1881.InthefallhetookoutamortgagewiththeSt.CroixValleySavingsBank,andsoonafterbuiltthehomeat1001SouthFourthStreet.The1883TaxAssessor’srecordliststhevalueofthepropertyat$1,400.156AroundChristmasin1881.ThomasSutherlandobtainedthedeedtoLots18&19,Block13fromEdmund&IdaButts.However,itappearsthatSutherland,acontractorandbuilder,actuallyconstructedthehouseat1009SouthFourthStreetin1873.AbuildingpermitforrepairstakenoutinAprilof1886,notesthata$700-16footby25footone-storydwellinghousewitha16footby22footellandtwochimneys,wasbuiltonthesetwolotsin1873.Thepermitalsonotesanunusualfact:thatthefoundationwallsweresevenfeetdeepand18inchesthick,thuscreatingafullbasementunderthehouse.SutherlandlatermovedtoHutchinson,Minnesota.Aroundmidnight15310Deeds67;SAM78,Roll9;1387StillwaterCityDirectory154StillwaterGazette,November14,1871.156StillwaterGazette,November14,1871;ZDeeds253;1877,1882,1887StillwaterCityDirectories;1880FederalCensusforStillwater,Family#139.8Deeds79;PMtgs503;SAM78,Roll13.16«67 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditiononaspringeveningin1932,AlbertKreugersufferedalossof$2,400whengaragesonhispropertyatthisaddressburned.1571015SouthFourthStreetistoday,anewhousebuiltin1986,butthisisthesecondhouseonthesetwolots.Thefirstonewasbuiltasearlyas1873.DanielF.Daypurchasedthelotsoccupiedbythehouseat1019SouthFourthStreetinSeptemberof1871fromEdmundandIdaButts.Buttswasanattorneywhodealtextensivelyinrealestate.Withintwoyears,Dayhadputupahomeontheproperty.Weknowthisforcertainbecausehedidnotpaythecontractor,andalienwasfiledinMay1873againsttheownerandtheproperty.Thisparticularlienisveryinterestingbecauseitgivesusanideaofhowfamiliesdeterminedthestyleoftheirhouses.“[JohnGreen,dealerinhardwarestovesandtinware]“agreesto.furnishallthematerialsanderectandbuildadwellinghouse...saiddwellinghousetobeofwoodalsoofgoodmerchantablelumberalltheworktobedoneinagoodsubstantativeandworkmanlikemanner;insizetobe20by28feettwostoriesinheightwith20footposts[studs],Thewindowstobe14innumber-number6onfirststoryandnumber7onsecondandoneinlofttobeofsamesizeandpatternasthoseinthedwellinghouseofJ.M.Knight[804SouthThirdStreet]inStillwaterandglazed...Thelowerfloorstobedoubledandtheupperfloorsinglealltobewelllaid...Thesidesandendsofsaidhousetobecoveredwithroughboardsandtheboardswithtarpaperandsidedwithgoodsiding...thecornicetobeofthesamestyleandfinishasthatonthedwellinghouseofAlexUnderwoodinsaidcity.Guttersoftintobeputontheroughstepsattheoutsidedoors.”Thetotalofthelien,thecostofthishouse,was$880.44.The1874TaxAssessor’srecordnotesthevalueofthehouseandlotsat$1,080.DayislistedintheCityDirectoriesasalaborer.1581578Deeds540;SAM78,Roll13;1887,1894StillwaterCityDirectory;FireDept,records;CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#25.158ALiens89;SAM7,Roll4;TDeeds619;1877,1887StillwaterCityDirectories.68 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionEastWillardStreetS.BlairMcBeath,anattorneyandmanagerofthecollectiondepartmentfortheNorthwestThresherCompany,contractedwithlocalcontractor,FrankLinner(pronouncedLinear)&Co.inthesummerof1911tobuildhima$4,000two-storyhouse,30feetby32feetwithahiproof.Thisattractivehousetookthenumber203EastWillardStreet.Fromallevidence,thisseemstoreplaceanearlierhouseontheselotsthatwasbuiltbyMichaelO’Brienabout1874.Thehousenumberofthatearlierhouseappearstohavebeen219E.Willard.1591S9CityofStillwaterBuildingPermit#1463;1906-7StillwaterCityDirectoty;TDeeds740;1884StillwaterCityDirectory.69 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionAppendixABuildingdates(SORTEDBYDATE)rTlhefollowingisalistingofthehousesintheneighborhoodbytheJLdatetheywerebuilt.'Foroversixmonths,Ihaveresearchedthesehousesandtheirbuildingdates.IhaveusedtherecordsoftheyearlyvisitsbythetaxassessorwhicharenowintheMinnesotaStateArchives:IhaveusedtheCityofStillwaterBuildingPermits;IhaveusedthedeedsandmortgagesfoundintheWashingtonCountyRecorder’sOffice;inshort,IhavethoroughlyresearchedthedatesthatIpresentbelow.Inmanycases,particularlyforthosehomesbuiltbefore1900,mybuildingdatesinboldwillbedifferentthanthedates(inparenthesis)youhaveforyourhouse.Thisdifferenceindatesisgenerallytheresultofarealestateagentusingthe(inparenthesis)buildingdatefoundintheAssessorsOfficewhenlistingthehomeforsale.Before1900,these(inparenthesis)datesintheAssessor’sOfficearegenerally"inaccurate,andonlymeanttoserveasageneralguideline.????(1870)????(1885)????(1906)1868(1872)1870(1860)1870(1870)1870's(1875)1870’s(1875)1871(1872)1871(1875)1871(1892)1872(1878)1872(1860)1872(1872)1872(1872)First920Third718First808Second713S.S.S.S.Second807S.Third703Fourth713S.S.Fourth715Third905First711Third804Fourth807Second720Churchill317S.S.S.S.S.S.E.Fourth801S.70 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAddition1872(1872)Fourth9211872(1872)Second7231872(1880)Fourth9091873(1860)Fourth10091873(1864)Fourth9191873(1870)Second903,1873(1876)Third10211873(1880)Fourth10191873?(1880)Fourth8151874(1875)Third7041874(1877)Third9041874(1880)Third9161874(1890)Second8141875(1870)Second7091875(1875)Second10011876(1875)Second10041876(1875)Third10101876(1876)SixthAve.9161876(1880)Second9141876(1880)Third10021877(1873)Third10141877(1874)Third8141877(1877)Third10221877(1890)Fourth7191877(1895)Second7041878(1864)Second9111878(1870)SixthAve.10161878(1878)Third9071879(1874)Second10131879(1877)1880!s(1860)Second910S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.S.s.s.s.s.s.S.s.s.s.s.First802S.S.71 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditions.1880’s(1875)First10091880’s(1901)Third10011880(1864)Third8011880(1864)Third9191880(1870)Third8071880(1885)Third9201880(1888)Third8051880(1895)Second7081880’s(1875)Third9181881(1875)First7121881(1875)Second8191881(1880)First8051882(1865)Second10171882(1880)1882(1880)1882(1880)Third10091882(1890)Second10121882(1890)Third10071883(Nonegiven)Fourth8171883(1870)First7201883(1872)Churchill3031883(1874)SixthAve.9281883(1875)First10071883(1875)Fourth10011883(1875)SixthAve.8121883(1876)Fourth9131883(1880)First8011883(1880)Second10181883(1880)SixthAve.7181883(1885)First9231883?(1875)Churchill215S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.Second920Third1006S.S.S.S.S.S.E.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.E.72 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition1883?(1880)First10171884(1894)First9121884(1876)Third10131884(1880)1884(1884)1885(1872)SixthAve.816,1885(1864)SixthAve.10021885(1870)First7091885(1879)SixthAve.8221885(1880)First7171885(1880)First10131886(1872)Second9151886(1875)First9171886(1880)Churchill2181886(1880)First9191886(1882)SixthAve.9241886(1890)Third9131886?(1880)Second9051888(1872)SixthAve.9101888(1874)First9151888(1875)Third7191888(1880)Second7171888(1880)SixthAve.7041889(1876)Third8081890’s(Nonegiven)Third8221890(1890)Second8061890(1890)Second8081891(1888)Second8221892(1880)First9181894(1889)Second9041895?1876)First1006S.S.S.First1002Third1003S.S.S.S.S.S.s.s.s.s.E.S.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.s.73 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition1895(1890)First7041895(1893)Third8211895(1896)Fourth9151896(1870)Second8151896(1892)Third8131897(1897)First1018,1901(Nonegiven)Fourth9011902(1902)Third8111906(1906)Third9061911(1911)Willard2031912(Nonegiven)Third9011913(1913)Second7121914(1914)Third7121915(1915)Churchill1141918(1913)Second10081921(1921)First7031922(1920)Second10071923(Nonegiven)Fourth8231939(1939)Third715Churchill304First817SixthAve.1010SixthAve.808Churchill307SixthAve.712Fourth1015S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.E.S.S.S.W.S.s.S.s.s.E.1946S.19461947S.1960S.E.19641975S.1986S.74 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionAppendixBBuildingDates(SORTEDBYADDRESS)nphefollowingisalistingofthehousesintheneighborhoodbytheaddress-Landdatetheywerebuilt.Foroversixmonths,Ihaveresearchedthesehousesandtheirbuildingdates.IhaveusedtherecordsoftheyearlyvisitsbythetaxassessorwhicharenowintheMinnesotaStateArchives;IhaveusedtheCityofStillwaterBuildingPermits;IhaveusedthedeedsandmortgagesfoundintheWashingtonCountyRecorder’sOffice:inshort,Ihavethoroughlyresearchedthedatesthat.Ipresentbelow.Inmanycases,particularlyforthosehomesbuiltbefore1900,mybuildingdatesinboldwillbedifferentthanthedates(inparenthesis)youhaveforyourhouse.Thisdifferenceindatesisgenerallytheresultofarealestateagentusingthe(inparenthesis)buildingdatefoundintheAssessor’sOfficewhenlistingthehomeforsale.Before1900,these(inparenthesis)datesintheAssessor’sOfficearegenerallyinaccurate,andonlymeanttoserveasageneralguideline.ChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillChurchillFirstS.FirstS.FirstS.FirstS.FirstS.FirstS.FirstS.E.1883?(1875)1886(1880)1883(1872)1946215E.218E.303E.304E.3071964E.1872(1872)1915(1915)317W.1141921(1921)1895(1890)1885(1870)1871(1875)1881(1875)1885(1880)1883(1870)070307040709071107120717072075 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionFirstFirstS.1883(1880)1879(1877)1881(1880)????(1906)0801S.0802FirstFirstFirstFirstS.0805S.0808S.081709121946S.1884(1894)1888(1874)1886(1875)1892(1880)1886(1880)????(1870)1883(1885)1884(1880)1895?(1876)1883(1875)1880’s(1875)1885(1880)1883?(1880)1897(1897)1870's(1875)1870's(1875)1877(1890)1872(1872)1872(1878)1873?(1880)1883(nonegiven)1923(nonegiven)1901(Nonegiven)1872(1880)1883(1876)1895(1898)FirstS.0915FirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFirstFourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.S.0917S.0918S.0919S.0920S.0923S.1002S.1006S.1007S.1009S.1013S.1017S.101807130715071908010807081508170823090109090913091576 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionFourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.FourthS.1873(1864)1872(1872)1883(1875)1873(1860)09190921100110091015198610191873(1880)1877(1895)1880(1895)1875(1870)1913(1913)1868(1872)1888(1880)1872(1860)1872(1872)1890(1890)1870(1860)1890(1890)1874(1890)1896(1870)1881(1875)1891(1888)1873(1870)1894(1889)1886?(1880)1880's(1860)1878(1864)1876(1880)1886(1872)1882(1880)1875(1875)1876(1875)SecondS.0704SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.070807090712071307170720072308060807080808140815081908220903SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.09040905091009110914091509201001100477 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SecondS.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.SixthAve.ThirdS.1922(1920)1918(1913)1882(1890)1879(1874)1882(1865),1883(1880)1007100810121013101710181888(1880)19751883(1880)19601883(1875)1885(1872)1885(1879)1888(1872)1876(1876)1886(1882)1883(1874)1885(1864)19471878(1870)S.0704S.0712S.0718S.0808S.0812S.0816S.0822S.0910S.0916S.0924S.0928S.1002S.1010S.10161870(1870)1874(1875)1914(1914)1939(1939)????(1885)1888(1875)1880(1864)1871(1892)1880(1888)1880(1870)1889(1876)0703ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.070407120715071807190801ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.080408050807080878 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.1902(1902)1896(1892)1877(1874)1895(1893)1890's(Nonegiven),1912(nonegiven)1874(1877)1871(1872)1906(1906)1878(1878)1886(1890)1874(1880)1880's(1875)1880(1864)1880(1885)1880's(1901)1876(1880)1884(1884)1882(1880)1882(1890)1882(1880)1876(1875)1884(1876)1877(1873)1873(1876)1877(1877)1911(1911)081108130814082108220901ThirdS.0904ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.ThirdS.WillardE.0905090609070913091609180919092010011002100310061007100910101013101410211022020379 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionAppendixCnHhesearethenames,addressesandoccupationsforthis-Lneighborhoodfromthe1894-1895R.L.PolkandCo.CityDirectory.Ifyouhadlivedinthisareaacenturyago,thesewouldhavebeenyourneighbors,thepeopleyouknew.Thefirstaddressisthehomeaddress;asecondaddress(whengiven)wouldbetheaddressoftheirworkplace.TheseDirectoriesarenotalwayscomplete,andtheyhavetheirshareofmisinformation.Despitethemistakes,however,Ithinkthisisagoodindicationofwholivedintheneighborhoodandwhattheydidforaliving.Res,meansgenerallythehomeowner;Bds.meansaboarder,oftenanadultchildofthehomeowner.ChurchillE.215,McDonough,John,laborer,bds.ChurchillE.215,McDonough,Miles,lumberman,bds.ChurchillE.215,McDonough,Peter,drayman,res.ChurchillE.218,Nichol,JamesA.lumberman,res.ChurchillE.303,Shaunessy,Daniel,laborer,bds.ChurchillE.303,Shaunessy,JamesP.(Nordstrom&Shaunessy),bds.ChurchillE.303,Shaunessy,Mary(wid.John),res.ChurchillE.303,Shaunessy,Mary,milliner,bds.ChurchillW.117,Walsh,JamesW.,lumberman,res.FirstS.0709,Moorhead,JamesH.,res.FirstS.0709,Wilton,Isabel(widJohn),res.FirstS.0711,Kuhn,JohnM.photographer109S.Main,res.FirstS.0711,Kuhn,LouisJ.photographerJ.M.Kuhn,bds.FirstS.0711,Seymour,LewisW.,cashierMinnMercantileCo,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,Annie,dressmkr,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,Elizabeth,millinerMrs.L.Seeba,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,JohnA.,clerk,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,JohnL.,housemover,res.FirstS.0717,Miller,Lawrence,elk,MinnThresherMnfg.Co,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,Rose,millinerMrs.L.Seeba,bds.FirstS.0717,Miller,Tracy,ashierL.Albenberg,bds.FirstS.0717,Seeba,Mrs.Lena,milliner211E.Chestnut,res.FirstS.0801,Prince,HenryB.,Ins.Agts,RealEstateandLoans,res.FirstS.0802,Gates,CharlesD.,carpenter,res.FirstS.0805,Cowles,Wm.C.,bds.FirstS.0805,Cowles,Wm.E.,reporterStillwaterMessenger,res.FirstS.0912,Ryan,JohnA.,laborer,res.C80 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionFirstS.0915,Cook,ChristopherC.ylaborer,EastSideLbr.Co,res.FirstS.0915,Cast,Herman,laborer,bds.FirstS.0915,Gist,Herman,laborer,bds.FirstS.0917,Archibald,Judson,lumberman,res.FirstS.0918,Ries,CharlesE.,elkJosephWolf,res.FirstS.0918,Rump,Annie,domestic.FirstS.0919,Carroll.,Minnie,domestic.FirstS.0919,Glynn,Patrick,rafter,res.FirstS.0919,Lyons,HenryJ.laborer,res.FirstS.0923,Blankenhorn,Louis,laborer.G.H.Atwood,bds.FirstS.0923.Blankenhorn,Frederica,(wid.Phillip),res.FirstS.1002,Wolf,Louis,bartender402S.Main,res.FirstS.1007,Meyer,WilliamJ.,harnessmkrG.Borrowman,res.FirstS.1009,Zieger,LouisF.,laborerFlorenceMillCo,res.FirstS.1013,Wojahn,August,carpenter,res.FirstS.1017,Doyle,Austin,laborer,bds.FirstS.1017,Doyle,EdmundW.,teamster,bds.FirstS.1017.Doyle,Stephen,lumberman,res.FourthS.0701,Schmid,Stephen,janitor,St.Michael’sChurch,res.FourthS.0702,Waseschi,Clara(widAnton)res.FourthS.0703,Sachi,Anton,compositor,St.CroixPost,res.FourthS.0713,Barter,Ernest,rafter,MusserMnfg.Co,bds.FourthS.0719,Edwards,GeorgeF.,painter,res.FourthS.0719,Mooney,Charles,teamster,res.FourthS.0801,Barron,ErnestJ.,laborer,bds.FourthS.0801,Barron,JamesP.,laborer,bds.FourthS.0801,Barron,ThomasE.,laborer,bds.FourthS.0801.Barron,Patrick,laborer,res.FourthS.0807,Curtis,Frank,driverT.C.Kilty,bds.FourthS.0807,Kilty,JamesD.,clerk,bds.FourthS.0807,Timothy,res.FourthS.0810,Wolf,Clara,domestic.FourthS.0815,Kilty,JohnJ.,mngrT.C.Kilty,313E.Chestnut,res.FourthS.0817,Johnson,Julda,domestic.FourthS.0817,Kelly,James,bds.FourthS.0817,Kilty,TimothyC.,CommissionWood&Coal,313E.Chestnut,resFourthS.0817,Meagher,Sarah,dressmkr,res.FourthS.0909,Snyder,Bernice,domesticFourthS.0909,Ward,JamesH.,grocer822S.Fourth,res.FourthS.0913,McGee,Edward,mason,res.FourthS.0915,Walsh,TheresaC.,artist,bds.FourthS.0919,Cochran,Michael,laborer,res.FourthS.0919,White,henry,lumberman,res.FourthS.0921,Crowley,James,rafter,bds.81 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionFourthS.0921.,Crowley,John,rafter,bds.FourthS.0921,Crowley,Timothy,lumberman,res.FourthS.1001.Buggy,Edward,teamster,res.FourthS.1001,KeenFrank,lumberman,res.FourthS.1019,Morissey,Ellen,dressmkr.res.FourthS.1019,Morrissey,Thomas,res.SecondS.0704,Dailey,LawsonW,res.SecondS.0704,Doe,FrederickP.,clerkA.K.Doe,bds.SecondS.0704,Nelson,Christine,domestic.SecondS.0708,Karst,John(EagleHardwareCo.)res.SecondS.0708,Stewart,,Edward,lumberman,bds.SecondS.0712,Brower,Rose,domestic,SecondS.0712,Pennington,Fred(Sauntry,Pennington&Co,logs,res.SecondS.0713,Blaisdell.Ethel,student,StillwaterBusinessCol.,res.SecondS.0713,Blaisdell,Mrs.Mary,res.SecondS.0717,Lupien,EmmaD,dressmkrA.C.Schuttinger,bds.SecondS.0717,Lupien,Joseph(Lupien&Michaud)res.SecondS.0723,Griffin,Edith,bookkeeperP.N.Peterson,bds.SecondS,0723,Griffin,FrankH.,laboerG.H.Atwood,bds.SecondS.0723,Griffin,JamesH.carpenterJosiahBatchelder,res.SecondS.0723,Griffin,Victor,wksG.H.Atwood,bds.SecondS.0806,Dwyer,JamesW.,sawyerSt.CroixLCo.,res.SecondS.0808,Grace,FrankL.(F.L.Grace&Co),res.SecondS.0809,Bownnan,GeorgeM.,cashier,CM&St.PRy,res.SecondS.0814,MaryA.Marsh(wid.Michael)res.SecondS.0814.Thayer,ThomasA.,Agt.CM&St.PRy,Waternr.Chestnut,res.SecondS.0819,Shattuck,Francis,lumberman,bds.SecondS.0819,Shattuck,Thomas,policeman,res.SecondS.0903,Sullivan,Eliza,dressmaker,bds.SecondS.0903,Sullivan,John,lumberman,res.SecondS.0905,Nelson,Alexander,rafter,res.SecondS.0905,Sullivan,Timothy,laborer,res.SecondS.0910,Scott,Bessie,seamstress,bds.SecondS.0910,Scott,Fred,Druggist202E.Chestnut&S.Stillwater,res.SecondS.0911,Carlson,AlfredF.,res.SecondS.0911,Carlson,Sophia,(wid.John),bds.SecondS.0911,Orff,FrankJ.,teamster,res.SecondS.0912,Gust,Bertha(wid.Wm)res.SecondS.0914,Phalen,JamesW.,policeman,res.SecondS.0915,Lowe,GeorgeE.,eng.CSt.PM.&O.Ry,res.SecondS.0915,Seibert,Catherine(wid.Jacob),res.SecondS.0920,Kelm,Adolph,oilerFlorenceMillCo,bds.SecondS.0920,Kelm,Ferdinand,lab.FlorenceMillCo.,bds.SecondS.0920,Kelm,Gustav,machinist,bds.82 VTheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSecondS.0920,Kelm,Herman(HiUskotter&Kelm)res.SecondS.0920,Kilm,Herman,Jr.,cooper,bds.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,Zacharias,res.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,Delphina,dressmkr,res.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,IsaacE.,elkJ.O’Shaughnessy,bds.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,Isaac,laborer,res.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,John,laborer,bds.SecondS.1001,Arsanault,Thomas,laborer,G.H.Atwood,bds.SecondS.1001,Boudage,Peter,laborer,bds.SecondS.1001,Bugle,Peter,rafter,res.SecondS.1001,Martineau,Armino,laborer,bds.SecondS.1001,Smith,Daniel,raftsman,bds.SecondS.1002,MaggieMcMahon,dressmkr,bds.SecondS.1004,Kellogg,Delbert,laborer,bds.SecondS.1004,Kellogg,LumanT.,res.SecondS.1004,Kellogg,Wm.H.,lab.C.T.Goodrich,bds.SecondS.1007,Crocker,Richard,raftsman,res.SecondS.1007,Hidde,Millie,sewerT.Miller,bds.SecondS.1008,Ballard,Sydney,painter,bds.SecondS.1008,Smith,Merritt,popcorn,res.SecondS.1012,Belisle,Joseph,Wood,carpets,parquetflooring...,res.SecondS.1012,Grant,Edward,foremanDurant&Wheeler,res.SecondS.1013,Lee,OrrisE..lawyer,11Torinusblk,res.SecondS.1017,Masterman,JosephP.clerkCountyAuditor,res.SecondS.1018,Hansen,AndrewE.,travelagent,res.SecondS.1018,Willman.Frederick,jeweler201S.Main,res.SecondS.1102,Sullivan,Alice,teacher,bds.SecondS.1102,Sullivan,Catherine,teacherCentralSchool,bds.SecondS.1102,Sullivan,DanielJ.travelagent,res.SecondS.1102,Sullivan,Elizabeth,teacher,bds.SecondS.1102,Sullivan,JohnH.,res.SixthAve.S.0718,Jack,CharlesB.,lawyer,12Mowerblk,res.SixthAve.S.0808,Walsh,Robert,laborerGHAtwood,res.SixthAve.S.0812,Drake,AddisonH.,barber,res.SixthAve.S.0816,Strudwick,Joseph,tinnerHHeisel&Co.,bds.SixthAve.S.0816,Whalen,Edward,lumberman,res.SixthAve.S.0816,Yost,Nicholas,Painter&Paperhanger,res.SixthAve.S.0822,Drews,LeoH.,clerk,bds.SixthAve.S.0904,Collopy,JohnE.,wagonmaker,res.SixthAve.S.0910,Stache,Richard,laborer,res.SixthAve.S.0910,Stocker,Richard,laborer,res.SixthAve.S.0924,O'Rourke,JohnF.,guard,MinnStatePrison,res.SixthAve.S.0928,Ward,JamesE.,laborer,res.83 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionSixthAve.S.1002,Assels,Thomas,laborer,res.SixthAve.S.1002,McRae,John,lumberman,res.SixthAve.S.1002,Tozier,Walter,laborer,res.SixthAve.S.1002,Wagner,Hannah,domstic.SixthAve.S.1010,Doherty,Patrick,laborer,res.SixthAve.S.1016,Greeder,Gottlieb,teamster,res.ThirdS.0702,O’Shaughnessy,John,Boots&Shoes,224E.Chestnut,ThirdS.0704,Tozer.DavidJr.,suptDavidTozer,bds.ThirdS.0704,Tozer,David,Pres.StillwaterLumberCo.,res.ThirdS.0704,Tozer,FredM.,bookkeeperDavidTozer,bds.ThirdS.0712,Kreger,Bertha,domestic.ThirdS.0713,Culbertson,Mary,domesticThirdS.0713,McCarthy,DanielJ.,clerkMinnThresherMnfg.Co,bds.ThirdS.0713,McCarthy,JohnB.res.ThirdS.0718,Dewey,FrankM.,farmer,bds.ThirdS.0718,Dewey,JohnJ.,machinist,res.ThirdS.0718,Dewey,Mrs.May,dressmaker,res.ThirdS.0718,Doe,AlpheusE.,lawyer,12Mowerblk,res.ThirdS.0719,Barthol,Mary,domesticThirdS.0719,Gillespie,Catherine(widJohn),res.ThirdS.0719,Lawler,Michael,explorer,bds.ThirdS.0801,Gates,WilliamR.,compositor,StillwaterGazette,res.ThirdS.0804,Hursey,ArthurW.,bds.ThirdS.0804,Hursey,EttaL.,student,StillwaterBusinessCollege,bds.ThirdS.0804,Hursey,Wilmot.A.,oildealer,res.ThirdS.0805,Rice,BenjamenF,harnessmkr209N.2nd,res.ThirdS.0808,Davis,HoraceW.,bkprMusserMnfg.Co,res.ThirdS.0808,Fisher,Martha,domestic.ThirdS.0809,Christianson,Inga,(wid.Daniel),bds.ThirdS.0814,Goggin,Mary(wid.Wm)bds.ThirdS.0814,Joy,OscarL.,foreman,MusserSLL&Mnfg.Co,res.ThirdS.0821,Reier,Rose,domestic.ThirdS.0822,Capron,MaryE.,(wid.WmM.),res.ThirdS.0903,Burlingham,DanielL.,Burlingham&Wilson,res.ThirdS.0903,Oberg,Louisa,domestic.ThirdS.0904,Johnson,Matilda,domestic.ThirdS.0904,Joy,FrankE.,Chief,StillwaterFireDept,res.ThirdS.0907,Foley,JamesW.,bookkeeperMulvey&Carmichael,res.ThirdS.0907,Gleeson,TimothyP.mngrSingerMnfg.Co,res.ThirdS.0907,Swanson,Anna,domestic.ThirdS.0908,Anderson,Adolph,driver,A.C.Schuttinger,bds.ThirdS.0910.Hintz,Mary,domestic.Thirds0910,Schuttinger,AugustG.,GeneralMerchandise&LadiesBazaar,214-218S.Main,res.ThirdS.0910,Spencer,EdaM.,clerkA.C.Schuttinger,bds.res.84 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionThirdS.0915,Deardorff,CharlesL.vcollectorA.W.Pattee,res.ThirdS.0915,Gillespie,James,cook,res.ThirdS.0916,Burns,Daniel,laborer,res.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Ambrose,cook,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Ellen,dressmkr,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Mary,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Michael,lumberman,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,RichardA.,cook,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Richard,lumberman,res.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,Sylvester,lumberman,bds.ThirdS.0916,Cloney,ThomasH.,cook,bds.ThirdS.0918,Lund,Ida,domestic.ThirdS.0918,Masterman,Joseph,bds.ThirdS.0918,Masterman,WellingtonC.,ins.agt,18Torinusbile,res.ThirdS.0919,Matthews,John,res.ThirdS.0920,Allord,Henry,elk,A.Rohrbach,bds.ThirdS.0920,Allord,Joseph,wks,G.H.Atwood,res.ThirdS.1001,Glynn,Jeremiah,rafter,bds.ThirdS.1001,Glynn,John,lumberman,res.ThirdS.1001,Lefler,Anne,domestic.ThirdS.1001,Rivard,Adelaide(widFrank)bds.ThirdS.1001,Rivard,ProsperN.grocer1003S.3d.res.ThirdS.1001,Vincent,Victor,clerkP.N.Rivard,bds.ThirdS.1002,Keyes,Patrick,guardMinnStatePrison,rms.ThirdS.1002,Smith,GranvillW.,ChiefofPolice,CityHall,resThirdS,1006,Lammers,LouisaA.,clerkRegisterofDeeds,bds.ThirdS.1006,Ponath,Martha,domestic.ThirdS.1006,Swanson,FrederickP.,bookkeeperMusser-SLL&MnfgCo,resThirdS.1007,Kolliner,JacobR,clerkL.Albenberg&Co,res.ThirdS.1007,Lindahl,Amy,domesticThirdS.1009,Heisel,Henry(H.Heisel&Co.)res.ThirdS.1009,Hink,Lena,domestic.ThirdS.1009,Waters,BernardA.,conductorCSt.PM&ORy,res.ThirdS.1010,Brennan,Dennis,foreman,AnnRiverL.Co.,res.ThirdS.1012,Arsanault,Antoince,laborer,res.ThirdS.1013,Dixon,NancyE.,(wid.RobertH.),res.ThirdS.1013,Gail,FrederickW.,Lawyer12-13Torinusblk,res.ThirdS.1014,Desautell,Henry,res.ThirdS.1014,Longen,Emily,(wid.Nicholas),res.ThirdS.1018,Libia,Amanda,domestic.ThirdS.1019,Rohrbach,Abraham,clothing126S.Main,res.ThirdS.1022,Boyle,Dennis,logsandpinelands,5MowerBlk,resThirdS.1022,Johnson,Anne,domestic.85 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditionContextsThereweretwocontextsappropriatetothissurvey.Thefirstcontextwasthestatewidehistoriccontext:St.CroixValleyTriangleLumbering(1843-1914).ThechiefeconomyinStillwaterinthe19thCenturywasthat,ofthelumbering’industry:gatheringthetimber,movingthetimbertotheStillwatersawmills,andthendeliveringthefinishedlumbertothemarkets.InAppendixC,IhavelistedtheoccupationsofalltheresidentsoftheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionin1894.Themajoritywereemployedinsomewayinthelumbertrade,orinsomeindustryconnectedwiththelumbertrade.Thesecondcontext,whichcomesfromtheStillwaterhistoriccontextstudy(Vogel1993)was:DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater,1850’s-1940’s.TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionisperhapsthemosthomogenousofalltheneighborhoodsIhavesurveyed.Thereareworkingmenandmerchants;skilledartisansandlumberbarons;midwifesanddoctors;domesticsandattorneys.Thishomogeneityisreflectedinthemixtureofhomes.ThereisacommercialstriponSouthFourthStreetaswellasamovietheatre.Thetopographyis,forStillwater,fairlylevel.Inmanyways,onecouldsaythisisthemosttypicalrepresentativeneighborhoodinStillwater.86 /TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionBibliographyBirdsEveViewsofStillwater.1870and1879.DrawnbyAlbertRuger.OriginalsintheWashingtonCountyHistoricalSociety,Warden'sHouseMuseum,andtheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.ReprintsavailablefromEmpsonArchives,P.O.Box791,Stillwater,MN55082.PaidCaplazi.Unpublishedmanuscript,April,1944.TheCharterandOrdinancesoftheCitvofStillwater.CompiledbyC.F.Gregory,CityAttorney.Stillwater,LumbermanSteamPrintingCo,1881.FiftyYearsintheNorthwest,bvW.H.C.Folsom.PioneerPressCompany,1888.HistoryoftheSt.CroixValiev,editedbyAugustusB.Easton.Chicago,H.C.CooperJr.&Co.,1909.HistoryoftheWhitePineIndustryinMinnesotabyAgnesM.Larson,UniversityofMinnesotaPress,1949.HistoryofWashingtonCountyandTheSt.CroixValiev.NorthStarPublishingCompany,Minneapolis,1881.HomesintheHeartland:BalloonFrameFarmhousesoftheUpperMidwest.1850-1920.FredW.Peterson,UniversityPressofKansas,1992.JosephR.Brown.AdventurerontheMinnesotaFrontier.1820-1849byNancy&RobertGoodman,LoneOakPress,[1996],Minnesota.CensusofWashingtonCounty,1885MinnesotaBiographies.1655-1912.CollectionsoftheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety,VolumeXIV.SanbornInsuranceMaps.1884,1891,1898,1904,1910,1924.St.CroixUnion[newspaper,Stillwater,Minnesota]SectionalMapoftheCityofStillwater.[1878].ThereisacopyofthismaphangingintheWashingtonCountyRecorder’sOffice.87 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionStillwaterCityDirectories1876-1964StillwaterDailyGazette[newspaper,Stillwater,Minnesota]StillwaterFireDept,RunsbyAddress,1896-1906[typescript]StillwaterHistoricContexts:AComprehensivePlanningApproach.Stillwater:StillwaterHeritagePreservationCommission,July1993.StillwaterGazette[newspaper,Stillwater,Minnesota]StillwaterLumberman[newspaper,Stillwater,Minnesota]StillwaterMessenger[newspaper,Stillwater,Minnesota]StillwaterPublicLibrary.StillwaterBuildingPermits[onmicrofilm]StillwaterPublicLibrary.St.CroixCollection.UnitedStates.CensusofMinnesotaTerritory.WashingtonCounty.Stillwater.UnitedStates-CensusofI860,1870.1880.WashingtonCounty:Stillwater.WashingtonCountyProbateCourtFiles.WashingtonCountyRecorder'sOffice:BooksofDeeds,BooksofMortgages,BooksofBonds,BooksofPlats.WashingtonCountyTaxAssessor’srecordsfor1861-1900.MinnesotaStateArchives.MicrofilmcopiescanbefoundattheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety,andtheStillwaterPublicLibrary.88 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionRecommendationsHHhefollowingaremyrecommendationsfortheEastOne-HalfofAChurchill.Nelson&Slaughter’sAddition.Theyarebasedontheassumptionitisdesirabletomaintainandpromotethehistoriccharacterofthisneighborhood.ItismybeliefthatthelongtermprosperityandvalueofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionandStillwater’sotherolderneighborhoodsliesinpreservingtheiroldfashionedcharacter.ThisiswhatdistinguishesStillwaterfromthemyriadofothersuburbandevelopmentssurroundingtheTwinCities,andmakesStillwaterauniqueplacetolive.LOTSIZEREQUIREMENTSChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionisalmostexclusivelyolderhouses—manyontwooreventhreelots.Thisneighborhoodisremarkablebecauseithassolittleinfillhousingofalaterdate.Howeverthatcouldchangesoon.AsthepressuretobuildwithinStillwatercontinues,theemptylotswillbecomeagreaterandgreatersourceoftemptationtodevelopersandrealestatespeculators.Underthepresentcityordinances,anylotof7,500squarefeetisabuildablelot.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,moreandmoreofthesenow-unbuiltlotswillbebuiltupon.Itisquitepossiblethatin20-30years,thedensityofChurchillNelson&Slaughter’sAdditioncouldcouldincreaseby25%ormore.BecausetherearepresentlynodesignbuildingrestrictionsinStillwaterresidentialneighborhoods,thesenewhouseswillnotonlyincreasethedensityofthearea—thusdestroyingsomeofitsappeal—theywillalsoaddfurthertothearchitecturaljumble,andobliteratewhathistoricstreetscaperemainstoday.Becausenoonebuildssmallhousesanymore,(andthecityhasnodesignguidelinesforblendingintoaneighborhood)thesenewerhousesof2,000-4,000squarefeetwilloverwhelmthesmall7,500squarefootbuildinglots,anddestroythescaleofthestreetscapethatisonebasis,albeitsubtle,ofStillwater’sattraction.SpaciousyardsandopenspacesareacharacteristicofNineteenthCenturyneighborhoods.89 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter’sAdditionIrecommendtheCityofStillwaterchangetheminimumbuildablelotsizefrom7,500squarefeettoaminimumof10,000squarefeet.IalsorecommendtheCityexplorethepossibilityofdesignguidelinesfortheolderpartsofStillwater,HISTORICDESIGNATIONInthissurvey,asinprevioussurveys,Ihavetriedtoidentifyhomesthataresignificant,orunique;homesthataretypicalofalongforgottentime;orhomesthatareparticularlyrepresentativeofStillwater.Butthesesurveysofminearesoonforgotten,andthesignificanceIhaveascribedtoaparticulardwellingmaybeforgottenassoonasthenextowner.IurgetheCityofStillwaterandtheHeritagePreservationCommitteetoinitiateaprocessofdesignatingandmarkingthehistoricallysignificanthousesinStillwater.Thiswallhavethebenefitofapprisingthepresentownerthathishomehasvalueasacitylandmark,anditwillenablethoseinterestedinthehistoryofthecitytofindthehistoricalhomes.TheCityofStillwatershouldinitiateitsownhistoricdesignationforhousesthroughoutthecitythatareasignificantpartofStillwater’shistory.EDUCATIONONREMODELINGOLDERHOMESThecity—orsomelocalorganization-shouldmakesomeeffortstoprovideinformationtothepubliconmaintainingandremodelingorrepairingtheolderhomes.InStillwater,olderhomesthathavemaintainedtheiroriginalintegritycommandahigherpricethanthosehomeshavebeenchangedfromtheiroriginalappearance.Buttheaveragehomeownerwhomightbeconcernedaboutpreservingtheintegrityofhishouseispresentlyhardpressedtofindgoodinformationonhow'toimproveorupdatehishousewithoutdestroyingithistoricvalue.Asimplebrochurecontainingsomebasicguidelinestobedistributedbyrealtors,neighborhoodgroups,andthecitycould—overaperiodofyears-makeasubstantialdifferenceontheoverallappearanceofthecity.90 TheEastOne-HalfofChurchill,Nelson&Slaughter'sAdditioniTHEDEMOLITIONOFHOUSESEveryyear,afewmoreoldhomesinStillwateraredemolisheddespiteacityordinanceregulatinganddiscouragingtheprocess.Insomecases,itisamatterofbusinessorchurchexpansion;insomecasesit.istheownerswishingtobuildanewhouseonthesamelot;andinseveralcaseslately,ithasbeenamatterofdemolishingtheoldhousetoincreasethevalueofthelotwhichcanthenbeusedforanewmoreexpensivehouse.Thislattersituationhasbeenparticularlytrueofthoselotswithariverview.Whilethispracticemaybelucrativeforthedeveloper,Ibelieveitdetractsfromthecommunityasawhole:theoldhousesarepartofalegacy,aninheritance,leftforfuturegenerations.Oneoftheadditionalstepsthecitymighttaketoencouragepreservationwouldbetohavearchitectsandbuildersoncallthataresympathetictorepairingandrestoringolderhouses,discourageoneofthemostfrequentrationales—thatthehouseisbeyondrepair—usedtojustifydemolition.Thismight91