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FinalSurveyReportfortheSouthHillStillwaterResidentialAreaStillwater,WashingtonCounty,MinnesotaWinter/Spring1996NationalRegisterIdentificationandEvaluationStudySubmittedtoTheCityofStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionPreparedbyNoreneRobertsThomasR.ZahnandAssociatesTheUniversityClub420SummitAvenueSt.Paul,MN55445(612)221-9765August,1996 ACKNOWLEDGMENTOFHISTORICPRESERVATIONFUNDSUPPORTANDNONDISCRIMINATIONPOLICYThisprojecthasbeenfinancedinpartwithFederalfundsfromtheNationalParkService,DepartmentofInterior,throughtheMinnesotaHistoricalSocietyunderprovisionsoftheNationalHistoricPreservationActasamended.However,thecontentsandopinionsdonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesoftheDepartmentoftheInterior,nordoesthementionoftradenamesorcommercialproductsconstituteendorsementorrecommendationbytheDepartmentoftheInterior.UnderTitleVIoftheCivilRightsActof1964andSection504oftheRehabilitationActof1973,theU.S.DepartmentofInteriorprohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,color,nationalorigin,orhandicapinitsfederallyassistedprogram.Ifyoubelieveyouhavebeendiscriminatedagainstinanyprogramactivity,orfacilityasdescribedabove,orifyoudesirefurtherinformation,pleasewriteto:OfficeofEqualOpportunity,U.S.DepartmentofInterior,Washington,D.C.,20240. TABLEOFCONTENTSPageSectionsINTRODUCTION1I.RESEARCHDESIGN5II.8III.METHODSRESULTS1)StatewideContextsStillwaterandSt.CroixValleyTriangleLumbering,1843-191416EarlyAgricultureandRiverSettlement,1840-18702)LocalContextDevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater,1850-1940:20HistoricalContextoftheSouthHill(OriginalTown),1850s-1940s263)Builders,Architects,andArchitecturalStyles16IV.2037RECOMMENDATIONS44V.VI.APPENDICES47A.ListofInventoriedPropertiesB.Bibliography4864ListofFiguresFigure1:SouthHillResidentialProjectAreaBoundaries2Figure2:Original1848platoftheTownofStillwater10Figure3:Ruger’s1870Bird’sEyeViewoftheCityofStillwater24Figure4:W.BellCarter’sMapofStillwater,1856.27Figure5:AreaofPotentialNationalRegisterDistrict.45 I.INTRODUCTIONBetweenFebruary28,1996andJune30,1996,ThomasR.Zahn&Associates,Inc.(TZ&A)andNoreneRobertsconductedanintensiveNationalRegistersurveyoftheSouthHillStillwaterResidentialAreaofStillwater,WashingtonCounty,Minnesota.TheprojectareaincludedtheSouthHillresidentialarea,thebulkofwhichwasoriginallyplattedinSeptemberof1848astheOriginalTown.TheportionoftheSouthHillresidentialareaintheoriginalplatisboundedbyMyrtleStreetonthenorthandWillardStreetonthesouth,MainStreetontheeastandSouthSixthStreetonthewest.TheobjectiveofthestudywastoconductanintensivehistoricalsurveyoftheresidentialneighborhoodsouthofthecentralbusinessdistrictwhichisboundedbyMyrtleandWillardstreetsonthenorthandsouthandtheeastsideofSouthBroadwayontheeastandthewestsideofHolcombeStreetonthewest(Figure1).Some192siteswereidentifiedinanareacoveringapproximately98acres.TheworkwasconductedbetweenFebruary28,1996,andSeptember15,1996.TheTZ&AresearchteamincludedThomasR.ZahnandNoreneA.Roberts,Ph.D.,co-principalinvestigatorsandNationalRegisterqualifiedconsultantsinhistory,architecturalhistoryandplanning.ThomasR.ZahntookthephotographsandinventoriedthepropertiesduringtheIdentificationphase.NoreneRobertsdidtheresearchandwrotethereport.BothworkedonenteringinformationonthestateInventoryForms,andconductedtheevaluation.WewishtothankJeffJohnson,headoftheStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommission,andMarkBalay,Stillwaterarchitect,forreviewingthedraftreport.TheybothownhousesandliveintheSouthHillprojectarea. iidentialProjectAreaBoundariesFigure1:South5|§SouthBroadwayStreet§§3CXJooft5ISouthSecondStreetSouthThirdStreetI§CNJ1151171201123SouthFourthStreetJ3208207B8Zia%2253221<D220$§301SouthFifthStreetCOc§15306CNJ315c/>1s>3188c3?3——321SouthSixthStreetni Thepropertytypesinthissurveyincludeddwellings,associatedgaragesandcarriagehouses,outbuildings,objectsandstructures(includinglimestonewallsandfences),vacantlots,severalcommercialbuildings,onecourthouse,schools,aplayhouse,andseveralchurchesandchurch-relatedproperties.Thesepropertieswerelocated,photographedandtheirphysicaldescriptionsdocumented.TheprojectteamcompletedbuildingfilesoneachinventoriedsitefortheCityofStillwater’sHeritagePreservationCommission.ThesebuildingfileswerebegunintheFallof1995bytheHeritagePreservationCommission.AprojectreportwaspreparedfortheCityofStillwaterandfortheMinnesotaStateHistoricPreservationOffice.TheformatofthefinalreportisdeterminedbyregulationsoftheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.PropertiesontheSouthHillwereevaluatedforpreliminaryNationalRegistersignificanceintermsoftwoappropriatestatewidehistoriccontexts:“St.CroixValleyTriangleLumbering(1843-1914),”and“EarlyAgricultureandRiverSettlement(1840-1870).”TheprojectteamconsultedtheStillwaterhistoriccontextstudy(seeVogel1993)inevaluatinglocalsignificanceanddeterminedthattheappropriatecontextwas:“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s).”Thisreportwasalsoaidedbythe1995studyoftheNorthHill(OriginalTown)ResidentialNeighborhoodsurveybyNoreneRoberts.Thecurrentprojectispartoftheon-goingprogramoftheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety’sStateHistoricPreservationOffice(SHPO)whichbeganafterpassageoftheHistoricPreservationActof1966,asamended.TheSHPOadministerstheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesprograminMinnesota.Intheearlyyearsofthisprogram,theSHPOconcentratedonbasicinventoriesofthe87countiesinMinnesotaonacounty-by-countybasis.StillwaterestablishedaHeritagePreservationCommissionin1973and,inconjunctionwithafederalgrantfromtheMinnesotaSHPO,contractedforitsfirstNationalRegistersurveyofthedowntowncommercialareain1988.Thisstudyledto3 theplacingofStillwater’scentralbusinessdistrictontheNationalRegisterin1991asthe“StillwaterCommercialHistoricDistrict”byNoreneRoberts,HistoricalResearch,Inc.In1992-3,underaparticipatingstate-localprogramwithHeritagePreservationCommissions,theStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionappliedforaCertifiedLocalGovernmentgrant(CLG)andco-fundedastudyofhistoriccontextsinthecity,conductedbyRobertC.VogelandAssociates.Thefinalreport,“StillwaterHistoricContexts:AComprehensivePlanningApproach”wascompletedinJuly,1993.TheStillwaterHPChasdividedthecity’sneighborhoodsintoHistoricPreservationPlanningAreas(HPPAs)andintendstoproceedwithsystematicsurveysofallStillwaterneighborhoodsoverthenextdecade.ThefirstoftheseHPPAreportssummarizedtheresultsoftheNorthHill(OriginalTown)in1995.ThecurrentreportsummarizestheresultsofthesecondHPPAtobesystematicallysurveyed:Stillwater’sSouthHillneighborhood.4 II.RESEARCHDESIGNThecurrentstudyoftheSouthHillwasguidedbyaresearchdesignsubmittedtotheStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionandtheMinnesotaStateHistoricPreservationOfficeonFebruary25,1996.Itisreproducedbelow.SHPO’sconcernsremainsimilartothoseexpressedonMarch15,1995whentheresearchdesignfortheNorthHill(OriginalTown)wassubmitted,atwhichtime,theMinnesotaSHPOrespondedtotheinitialresearchdesignfortheNorthHillstudyasfollows:Itisouropinionthatwhileapreliminaryevaluationofbuildingsispossibleatthisstageoftheproject,amorecomprehensivesurveyofallpropertiesshouldoccurbeforeconclusiveevaluationscanberendered.ItemII.C.oftheresearchdesignindicatesthat“theresultsfromtheNorthHill(OriginalTown)surveyandevaluationmaybesubjecttofuturerevision”andweconcurwiththisassessment.TheStillwaterHPC,thecontractor,andtheMinnesotaSHPOallagreethatsincetheSouthHillisonlythesecondofthecity’sneighborhoodstobesurveyed,finalevaluationsonthesignificanceofthepropertiesintheprojectareawillhavetoawaitthecompletionofseveraladditionalpre-1945residentialneighborhoodsinthecity.ResearchDesignfortheCityofStillwaterSouthHillsurveysubmittedFebruary25,1996.I.IdentificationA.Objectives1.Tolocate,map,photograph,anddocumentthephysicaldescriptionsofbuildingslocatedwithintheSouthHillResidentialAreaintheCityofStillwater.2.Propertytypesareexpectedtoincludedwellings(singlefamilyandmultiple),associatedgaragesandcarriagehouses,outbuildings,objectsorstructures,churches,schools,anoldcourthouse,andafewcommercialbuildings.3.Tolookforadditionalsub-themesnotaddressedinthecontextdocumentbyRobertVogelorintheStatewideHistoricContext:“StillwaterandSt.CroixTriangleLumbering,1843-1914.”B.Methods1.Review"StillwaterHistoricContexts:AComprehensivePlanningApproach"byRobertC.Vogel&Associates(July1993)andtheassociatedpropertytypescontainedinthatdocument,aswellasthe1995“NorthHill(OriginalTown)StillwaterResidentialAreaStillwater,WashingtonCounty,Minnesota”byHistoricalResearch,Inc.5 2.Researchthegeneralbackgroundofthesouthhillresidentialarea(OriginalTown)fromfirstplattingin1848to1945throughwrittenmaterialsandsiterecordsonfileattheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety,theWashingtonCountyHistoricalSociety,theSt.CroixCollectionattheStillwaterPublicLibrary,andtheStillwaterHPC.3.Conductfieldworkandtakeblackandwhitephotographsofallpropertytypesintheprojectarea.Completeanarchitectural/integritydescriptionofeachexistingpropertyregardlessofyearofconstruction.4.CompleteaStillwaterHistoric/ArchitecturalInventoryFormoneachpropertyintheprojectareabyenteringtheresultsofthefieldsurveyontheformsandablackandwhitecontactprint.C.ExpectedResultsItisexpectedthatthisstudywillprovideadditionalinformationonthelocalcontext“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s)”developedbyVogel(July1993)andanopportunitytocomparethesouthhillresidentialareatothenorthhillresidentialarea,twooftheoldestneighborhoodsadjacenttothecentralbusinessdistrict.ItwillalsoprovideadatabasefortheCityofStillwaterHPCandtheMinnesotaSHPOononeofthetwooldestresidentialareasoftheCityofStillwater.II.EvaluationA.Objectives1.Toevaluatetheinventoriedpropertyintermsofthehistoricalcontext"DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s)”developedbyVogel(July1993)andtheStatewideHistoricContext“StillwaterandSt.CroixTriangleLumbering,1843-1914.”Theobjectiveofthisprojectistwo-fold:toadvisetheStillwaterHPCofbuildingswhichmaymeetthelocalcriteriaforregistrationandtoevaluatethosepropertieswhichmaybeeligibletotheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.2.ProvidetheresearchfromthisstudytotheMinnesotaSHPOandtheCityofStillwaterHPCintheformofafinalreport,alistofpotentiallyeligiblepropertiesordistrictsatboththelocalandstatewidelevel,andinventoryforms.Thisinformationwillbeputtofutureuseinaugmentingormodifyingtheestablishedstatewidehistoriccontext“StillwaterandSt.CroixTriangleLumbering,1843-1914,”thelocalcontext"DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s),”andthe1995studyentitled“NorthHill(OriginalTown)StillwaterResidentialAreaStillwater,WashingtonCounty,Minnesota.”B.Methods1.TheContractorwillcompleteaninventoryformforeachpropertyintheprojectareawhichwillrecordtheapplicablestatewidehistoriccontextandlocalhistoriccontextwithinwhichtheSouthHillpropertieswillbeevaluated.Evaluationwilloccuralongthelinesofarchitecturalandhistoricalsignificance.Eachpropertywilladdressquestionsof“periodofsignificance”and“historicalphysicalintegrity.”Foremostwillbehoweachpropertycompareswithotherknownexamplesofthetypeonalocalandstatewidelevel,andwhetherthereissufficientavailabledatatopermitadeterminationofeligibilitytotheNationalRegister.2.ConductadditionalresearchonthegeneraldevelopmentoftheSouthHillresidentialareathroughmaps,historicphotographs,andwrittenmaterialtoprovideamoresolidhistoriccontextfortheSouthHillprojectareawithwhichtoevaluatetheidentifiedproperties.3.ThecontractorwillapplytheavailableregistrationcriteriapreviouslydevelopedbytheStillwaterHPCforevaluationofpropertiesoflocalsignificanceand6 willapplytheregistrationcriteriadevelopedbytheNationalParkServicewhenevaluatingpropertiesforNationalRegistersignificance.4.Aswarranted,recommendationsforfurtherresearchofthepropertiesorfortheestablishedsub-contextsto“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s)”willbemadeintheRecommendationssectionofthefinalreport.C.ExpectedResultsItisexpectedthatthelocalhistoriccontext“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s)”isnotsufficientlydetailedtoprovidemuchguidancefortheevaluationofresidentialpropertiesintheSouthHillprojectarea.MoreusefultoanunderstandingoftheCityofStillwater’sresidentialdevelopmentwillbeacomparisonoftheSouthHillsurveywiththerecentlycompletedNorthHill(OriginalTown)survey.Sincetheresidentialareasofthecityasawholehavenotbeensystematicallyinventoried,exceptfortheNorthHill,resultsfromtheSouthHillsurveyandevaluationmaybesubjecttofuturerevisionwithinthecontextofthehistoryandarchitectureoftheresidentialareasasawhole.III.RegistrationTheScopeofWorkbetweentheCityofStillwaterandtheContractordoesnotprovidefortheregistrationofanypropertiesidentifiedinthecourseoftheSouthHillstudy.7 III.METHODSTheScopeofWorkforthisstudywastoperformanintensive-levelhistoricalsurveyoftheSouthHillresidentialneighborhoodofStillwater,WashingtonCounty,Minnesota.TheNationalRegisterprocessmandatesthreephases:Identification,Evaluation,andRegistration.OnlytheIdentificationandEvaluationphaseswerecontractedforinthecurrentstudy.ThisstudydoesnotincludetheRegistrationphase,aprocessofwritingindividualordistrictNationalRegisternominations.Thisisthesecondofaplannedseriesofcontractswhichwillbeletsystematicallytorecord,study,andevaluatetheresidentialneighborhoodsofStillwater.Assuch,evaluationsinthisstudyarestrictlypreliminarybecausetheentirehistoriccontextofStillwaterresidentialneighborhoodsisnotknownatthistime.DuringtheIdentificationphase,eachpropertywasinventoriedandallbuildings,objects,andstructureswerephotographed.EachpropertywassubjectedtoEvaluationbymeansofhistoricalresearchwhichledtopreliminaryjudgmentsabouttheNationalRegisterandlocalintheSouthHillneighborhood.TheEvaluationphasewasconstrainedbytimeandmoneyandisbynomeansthelastwordonthehistoriesofthebuildingsintheprojectarea.ThereisagreatdealofundocumentedmaterialandoutrightmisinformationonStillwaterhousesdatingbacktoworkdonesincethemid1970s.Someofthislorehastakenonalifeofitsownandbeenrepeatedinsubsequentmaterials.Inaddition,constraintsoftimeandmoneyprecludedtheexaminationofcertainimportantrecordswhichwouldhaveyieldedadditionalinformationaboutthehistoryandarchitectureoftheprojectarea.Theseinclude:firerecords,historicphotographs,permitapplications,andseveralimportantlocalinformants,includingpropertyowners.8 Theprojectareawasboundedbythefollowingstreets:WestMyrtleStreet,WillardStreettheeastsideofSouthBroadwayandthewestsideofHolcombeStreet.Abeginningdater.ofSeptember,1848,wasusedsincethemajorityofthestudyareawaspartoftheOriginalrTownplatofStillwater(Figure2)..L1r;rrrrirLr;r9 Figure2:Original1848platoftheTownofStillwaterHt•4ygt/f.,CKVXJYrrjtMBT: I.IdentificationSome192propertieswerephotographedanddescribedduringfieldworkintheSouthHillresidentialprojectarea.Thiseffortincludedallstonewalls,fences,houses,outbuildings,andchurches,vacantlots,andcommercialbuildings.Theprojectareacomprisedapproximately98acresintheSouthHillprojectarea.II.EvaluationInitially,theresearchwasguidedbythreemajorconcerns:1)identifying,inventoryingandevaluatingpropertiesintheprojectarea;2)identifyingandlocatingasmanydemolishedstructuresastimepermittedinordertogainanimpressionofthedevelopmentoftheprojectareaforthehistoriccontext;and3)evaluatingthechangingcharacteroftheprojectareabetweenSeptember,1848,andthepresent.Theseconcernswerepalpablebecausethearchitecturalimportanceofsomeofthehomesisrecognizedbythepreservation-minded,butverylittlehadbeenwrittenonthepossiblehistoricalimportanceoftheover-allneighborhood.Anotherobjectiveoftheintensiveresearchwastodetermine,ifpossible,whathouseshadbeenmovedorextensivelyremodeledandapproximatelywhen.Tounderstandthefullhistoricaldevelopmentoftheprojectarea,historicalmapsforthesurveyareawerelocated.MostofthemareintheStillwaterPublicLibraryandintheHubbsMicrofilmRoomattheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety’sResearchCenter.TheSanbornFireInsuranceCompanymapsweremostusefulindeterminingstreetaddresschangesovertime,buildingmaterials,andchangesinbuildingfootprintsovertime.EightSanbornmapswereavailablefrom1884to1924updatedin1956and1961.Thesemaps,helpfulassnap-shotsforoccasionalyears,containgapsininformation.AlthoughtheSanbornFireInsuranceCompanydocumentedmostofthesurveyareaforthoseyears,11 theydidnot,inallcases,documenteachandeverybuildingsincethefirstmapwasprintedin1884.The1884SanbornmaponlyshowstheareabetweenthewestsideofSouthSecondStreetandthewestsideofSouthFourthStreetbetweenMyrtleonthenorthandthehalf-blocksouthofOlive,withasmallportionoftheintersectionofPineandSouthThirdStreet.Therefore,thewestandsouthportionsoftheprojectareaarenotshownin1884,norisSouthBroadway.Thefollowingmapswereofnohelp:the1901WashingtonCountyAtlas,the1926HudsonMapCompanyPlatbook,andthe1938WashingtonCountyPlatbook,noneofwhichshowbuildings.ThecurrentstudytookmoretimetocompletetheIdentificationphasethanfortheNorthHillResidentialAreabecausethenorthhillcontainedonly99propertiesandthesouthhillresidentialareacontainedalmost200.Consequently,littlehistoricphotographicresearchwasdoneintheSt.CroixCollectionoftheStillwaterPublicLibrary.OnlyphotographsofindividualhousestakenbyRunkweresearched.Theseareinloose-leafbooksinthecitylibrary.TheRunkphotosattheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety(slightlydifferentfromthoseattheStillwaterLibrary),werechecked,butnotgeneralviewsandstreetscapes.Thefiles(especiallyaseriesofscrapbooksofnewspaperclippings)andphotographsattheWashingtonCountyHistoricalSocietywerenotconsulted.ThelocationoftheRiverTownRestorationsfilescontinuetoremainunknownandmayhaveyieldedadditionalinformationhadtheybeenavailable.CharlesNelsonthinksthatPaulLarsonstillhasthefiles.SHPOdoesnothavethem,sotheyarenot“publicinformation”atthistime.AmethodicalsearchintheStillwaterGazetteandtheStillwaterMessengerwasnotconducted,althoughsomeyear-endissueswerechecked,especiallyforthe1870s.TherewasnoattempttoidentifytheoriginalownersofeverypropertyontheSouthHill:thiswaswellbeyondthescopeofthisproject.Ideally,onewouldlookattherecentcity12 permits,allfirerecords,earlyhistorictaxrolls,andmanyAbstractsofTitle.Noneofthesewereexamined.TheNorthwestArchitecturalArchivesanditsarchitectsbiographicalfileswerenotrechecked,becausethissearchwasdoneduringtheNorthHill(OriginalTown)contractin1995andatthetimeincludedallknownStillwaterarchitects.ItyieldedalmostnousefulinformationtofurtherourknowledgeofthearchitectswhomayhavepracticedinStillwaterinthe19thandearly20thcenturiesandhadresidentialcommissions.TheonlyconfirmednineteenthcenturyarchitectwhopracticedintheSouthHillresidentialarealistedinthosearchiveswasAugustusF.Knight,whodesignedtheWashingtonCountyCourthouseandjailontheSouthHillin1867.KnightisnotknowntohavehadresidentialcommissionsintheSouthHillprojectarea.Oneotherarchitect,amannamed“Fitzgerald,”wasthoughttohavedesignedthe1880JohnWhitesideHouseat223WestPineStreet,accordingtoastoryfromhisdaughter.However,neithertheNorthwestArchitecturalArchivesnorCharlesNelson,theSHPOhistoricarchitect,haseverheardofaFitzgeraldandhasnoinformationonhim.TheNorthwestArchitecturalArchivesdoeshavetwoarchitectsnamedFitzpatrick,buttheywere14and16yearsoldin1880,sowereeliminatedaspossiblearchitectsoftheJohnWhitesideHouse.AswasthecasewiththeNorthHillresidentialarea,theSouthHillresidentialarearesearchproducedsurprisinglylittleinformationoncommissionsbyMinnesotaarchitectsintermsofStillwater’sresidentialdesign.ThisdoesnotmeanthatsomeofthemmaynothavedesignedresidencesinStillwater,butthatinformationatthearchivesisincompleteandlittleresearchhasbeendonetofocusonarchitectspracticinginStillwater.InadditiontotheSanbornInsuranceMaps,thecitydirectorieswerethenextmostusefulsourceusedintheSouthHillresidentialstudy.CitydirectoriesbyPryorandCompanyfor1876-77,directoriesfromtheearly1880s,aboomtimeinresidentialbuildingin13 Stillwater,suchasC.W.Davisonfor1881-3andBunn&Philippifor1884,aswellasE.F.Barrettfor1887,wereusefulincheckingfornamesoforiginalownersandtheiroccupations.TheseandtheR.L.Polk&Co.directoriesfrom1890-1987piecedinmuchinformationonoriginalownersofhousesbuiltafter1890andwereespeciallyusefulinprovidingperiod"snapshots"andsubsequentownersofhousesintheprojectarea.TheyarealllocatedintheSt.CroixCollectionoftheStillwaterPublicLibraryorattheMinnesotaHistoricalSociety.Theresearchwasconstrainedbythelackofreversecitydirectoriesbefore1930-31.Afterthatdate,theoriginalownersforpost-1930housesareeasiertodetermine.AswiththeNorthHillstudy,theSouthHillstudycontainedmanyhouseswhichwerebuiltbeforecitydirectorieswereavailable.ThismakesitdifficulttoascertainoriginalownersandconstructiondateswithoutresortingtotaxrollsandAbstractsofTitle.TheVerticalHouseFilesatthePublicLibraryinStillwaterwereexaminedandphotocopiedforhousesintheprojectarea.Thesefilesvaryinthequalityandquantityofresearchwhichhasbeencompiled.Informationonafewpropertiesisquitecomplete,whileotherfilescontainverylittlebeyondtheRTRhousetourbookletinformationorundatedleadsandnotesonscrapsofpaper.Intheworsecases,thisinformationissometimesconflictingorwrong.Mostofthebiographicalinformationonhouseownersinthisreportisreadilyaccessiblefromthefollowingsources:AugustEaston’sHistoryoftheSaintCroixValley(1909),E.D.Neill’sHistoryofWashingtonCountyandtheSt.CroixValley(1881),andW.H.C.Folsom’sFiftyYearsintheNorthwest(1888).III.Registration14 ThiscontractdidnotincludewritingNationalRegisternominationsaftertheEvaluationphase.Toexplainwhy,theStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionhasdividedtheCityintonineHistoricPreservationPlanningAreas(HPPA).TheSouthHillisbeingsurveyedandevaluatedasthesecondresidentialareaaftertheNorthHill(OriginalTown)surveyof1995.Sevenolderneighborhoodswillfollow.Thecity,itscitizens,itshistorians,andtheStillwaterHPCwillgothroughalearningcurveaseachneighborhoodisstudied.TheNationalRegisterprogrammandates“historiccontexts”andtheyhavetobebroadenoughtodetermineNationalRegisterpotential.Asthesecondresidentialprojectarea,theSouthHillstudyisstillthebeginningofaprocesswhichwillleadtoacompletehistoriccontextofthecity’sresidentialneighborhoods.Inall,fivepropertiesintheSouthHillprojectareaarelistedonthenationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.ThefirstpropertyintheSouthHillresidentialareaenteredontheNationalRegister,in1971,wastheWashingtonCountyCourthouseandjailatWestPineandSouthThirdStreet,Minnesota’soldestcountycourthouseandjail.TwohousesintheSouthHillresidentialareawereplacedontheNationalRegisteronApril20,1982.Theyare:TheMortimerWebsterHouseat435SouthBroadwayandtheCaptainAustinJenksHouseat504SouthFifthStreet.ThesetwohouseswerepartofaMultipleResourceAreanominationwhichincludednon-contiguouspropertiesalloverWashingtonCountyandwereresearchedbytheStateHistoricPreservationOfficestaffmemberThomasHarveyin1981.In1981,TomHarveyalsonominatedtheRoscoeHerseyHouseat416SouthFourthStreet.Finally,acommercialpropertyintheSouthHillprojectareawaslistedontheNationalRegisteronOctober1,1990:theJassoyBlockat204SouthThirdStreet,whichwasahistorictaxcreditproject.ThePart2wassubmittedinOctober,1992,but,accordingtotheMinnesotaSHPO,thePart3wasneversubmittedtoclosethisproject.15 IV.RESULTSTherearetwostatewidehistoriccontextswhichseemmostappropriatetotheSouthHill:“St.CroixValleyTriangleLumbering(1843-1914),”and“EarlyAgricultureandRiverSettlement(1840-1870).”TheyarediscussedbelowinthenexttwosectionsofthisreportastheyapplytotheSouthHill.Theyoverlapwiththelocalcontext,“DevelopmentofResidentialNeighborhoodsinStillwater(1850s-1940s,”whichhasbeenexpandedandrefinedinthisreportinthesection“HistoricalOverviewofTheSouthHill,1850s-1940s.”ST.CROIXVALLEYTRIANGLELUMBERING(1843-1914)ThisisbothastatewidehistoriccontextdevelopedbytheMinnesotaStateHistoricPreservationOfficeandoneofthelocalcontextsinRobertVogel’s1993study,“StillwaterHistoricContexts:AComprehensivePlanningApproach.”ThefoundingofStillwaterin1843marksthebeginningofthiscontext,whichhaditsheydayfromthe1860sto1890,andhadcollapsedwiththepassingofthepineriesbyaround1915.AgnesLarsonhaslikenedStillwatertoBangor,Maine,inthatitwaslocatedonagoodwaterwayclosetovaststandsofnorthernwhitepine(PinusStrobus).StillwaterwasalsoideallysituatedtotakeadvantageofarapidlydevelopingmarketforlumberproductsjustastheUpperMississippiRiverValleyandthenorthernGreatPlainswerebeingsettled.AsnotedbyVogel,lumberingplayedanimportantroleintheeconomicdevelopmentofthetowninthenineteenthcentury.Itfinancedtheflourmillingindustry,railroadconstruction,manufacturing,andwascriticalinthegrowthofbanking,insurance,andotherfinancialenterprisesintown.Lumberingsupportedavastnumberofcollateralanddependentlocalindustriesaswell,suchasdrygoodshousesandhardwarestores.16 AlthoughtherearenoindustriesorcommercialenterprisesdirectlyassociatedwiththeproductionoflumberontheSouthHill,severalofthehomesofpeopleengagedinStillwater’slumberindustrywerelocatedthere.AnearlyprominentlumbermanwasEdwardWhiteDurant,whocametoStillwaterattheageof19,spentthreeyearsraftingontheriver,thenwasapilotbetweenStillwaterandSt.PaultoSt.Louis,for15years,andthenspent14yearsasthegeneralmanagerforHersey,StaplesandCompany.In1872,hebecameoneofthefoundingpartnersinthefirmofDurant,WheelerandCompany,whosebusinesswastobuyandselllumber.Bytheearly1870s,hehadbuiltatleastonehouseontheSouthHill,alargeimposingthreestorymansioninFrenchSecondEmpirestylewithadormeredmansardroof,picturedinthe1874Andreas’IllustratedHistoricalAtlasonpage55,atthecomerofPineandS.SecondStreet.Thenextownersofthishouseat437S.SecondStreet,DanandJuliaMcCuish,alteredthehousetoitscurrentClassicalrevivalappearancearound1910.AnothermanassociatedwithDurant,WheelerandCompanywasCaptainAugustT.Jenks,whobuiltahouseat504SouthFifthStreet.JenkscametoStillwaterasariverpilotandjoinedthefirmin1874.In1871,Jenksbuiltthe“BrotherJonathan,”thesecondboateverbuiltforraftingpurposes.LukeB.Castle,aCanadianbybirth,cametoStillwaterand,in1879,wenttoworkastheforemanofIsaacStaples’planingmill.Hebuiltahouseat651SouthBroadway.AlexanderJohnsonbuiltahouseat119ChestnutStreet.HewasapartnerintheEastSideLumberCompany,butbeganinlumberinginStillwaterin1866inpartnershipwithJohnG.Nelson.Healsohadinterestsintwootherlumberingconcerns:BronsonandFolsom,andJamesS.AndersonandCompany.JamesAnderson,himselflivednearbyat220WestChestnutin1876-77andwaslistedinthecitydirectorysimplyasasawmillowner.TheO’NealBrothersownedhousesfrontingeachotheronSouthFourthStreet.JamesandEugeneO’Neal,twobrotherswhogrewupinStillwater,wereeducatedthere,andstartedas“catchmarkers”fortheSt.CroixBoom.By1900,the17 loggingoperationsoftheO’Nealswasextensive:theyweremiddlemenforseverallargedown-riveroperators;builtaloggingrailroadfromMorainKanabecCountytotheeastshoreofMilleLacsLakeandhadfourcampsemploying250menontheeastshoreofthelake(StillwaterTradesReview1898:33).Anotherhouse,builtbya“lumberman”wasthehomeofAugustusandMaryYoungat208SouthFourthStreet.CaptainA.R.Young,oneofearlynavigatorsoftheupperMississippiandSt.Croixrivers,wasbominMainein1827,cametoSt.AnthonyFallsin1850,andmovedtoStillwaterin1873.TheYoungHousewaslaterownedbyAnnRobertson,daughterofIsaacStaples,perhapsStillwater’sbestknownlumberman.GeorgeAtwood,whoboughtthehouseat320WestPineshortlyafteritwasbuilt,wasalarge-volumedealerinlumber,shingles,andlathe.In1912,hewaspresidentoftheMcClure-AtwoodCompany.SomeofthehousesontheSouthHillwerelivedinbyasuccessionofmenassociatedwiththelumberindustry.Inothercases,housesweresubsequentlyownedbyrelativesoflumbermen.Forexample,theRoscoeF.HerseyHouse,at416SouthFourthStreet,wasbuiltin1878afterHerseyworkedforthefirmofHersey,StaplesandBeanfrom1867-72inLakeCity,Minnesota,beforesettlinginStillwatertoengageinlumberingandbecomingastatesenatorin1877.RoscoeHerseywastheoldestsonofSamuelHersey,IsaacStaplesfinancialpartner.HerseysoldthishousetolumbermanJohnG.Nelsonin1887,andNelsonsoldittoanotherpioneerlumberman,JamesE.McGrath,in1900.E.L.Herseybuiltthehouseat319WestPine.ThishousewassubsequentlythehomeofJacobBean,hispartner,andevenlater,thehomeofAlbertJ.Lehmicke,acashierattheLumbermen’sNationalBank,andJacobBean’sson-in-law.InanotherexampleofaSouthHillhouse,FayetteMarshmarriedtheonlydaughterofSocratesNelson,andtheybuiltahouseonthewestsideofSouthBroadwayinthe500block.Thehousehasbeenrazed.AndMrs.OliveWaldref,whosehousewasat628SouthThirdStreet,wasasisterofDavidTozer,anotherlarge-volumelumbermaninStillwater.18 TherearetwoJohnS.ProctorHousesintheSouthHillprojectarea.TheJohnS.ProctorHouseat220SouthFourthStreet,issaidtohavebeenbuiltaround1852.ProctorservedasthethirdwardenoftheStillwaterPrison,butin1876,hewassecretaryoftheSt.CroixBoomCorporation,althoughbythenhehadbuiltanewhouseat522SouthSixthStreetandtheintersectionofGoodwoodStreet,nowWillardStreet.JoLutzRollinsdidawatercoloroftheProctorHouseonSouthFourthin1975andstatesthatalaterownerofthishousewasHenryPeavey,inventoroftheloggingtoolcalledthe“peavey.”(Rollinsca.1976,p.106).Butthe1882-83Stillwatercitydirectoryshows“HenryLPevey”listedasa“steamboatcaptain”at“218S.4th”,whichhasbeenthetraditionaladdressofthishouse.ThisstorypointsuponeofthechiefproblemswithStillwaterhistoriography.NotonlydothecitydirectorieshaveHenryconsistentlyspelledas“Pevey,”andnot“Peavey”asinthetool,butonesourceonoldtoolsdescribesthe1870inventorofthepeaveyasbeingoneJohnPeavey,ablacksmith,whotookthetraditionalcanthookandcombineditwiththetraditionaljampiketomakethepeavey(Sloan1964:44).JohnPeaveyandHenryL.Peveydonotappeartobethesameman.ThesecondJohnS.ProctorHouseintheSouthHillprojectareaisat522SouthSixthStreet.ThisisthehouselistedatthecomerofSouthSixthandGoodwoodinPryor’s1876-77citydirectory.By1882-83,Proctorislistedat522S.6th,buthehadchangedoccupationsandwasnowsurveyorgeneraloflogsandlumber.Theprojectareaalsocontainedhousesofmoremodestsizeandstylewhoseownerswereassociatedwithlumbering.TheJohnJohnsonHouse,404SouthFourthStreet,wasbuiltasanunadorned,small,side-gabledhousebyJohnson,itsowner,whowaslistedasamillhandin1876-77citydirectory.TheJamesandRoseSpencerHousewaslistedin1876-77asonthecornerof“2ndandWalnut,”now205EastWalnutStreet,andJamesSpencerwaslistedasworkingatthe“ShingleMill.”SpencersbuiltapicturesqueGothiccottage,19 possiblyinfluencedbythebooksofAlexanderJacksonDowning.TheSpencerHousehastraditionallybeenknownastheRoseSpencerHouse.Herhusband,Janies,possiblylivedthereaswell.However,itwasnotuncommonforthehousetobeputinthewife’sname,probablythecasewiththeSpencerHouse.ExamplesofextanthousesintheprojectareaassociatedwithmenengagedintheStillwaterlumbertradeinclude:EdwardWhiteDurantHouse.437SouthSecondStreetE.L.Hersev-JacobBeanHouse.319WestPineJamesS.O’Brien.422WestPineGeorgeAtwoodHouse.320WestPineCaptainAugustT.JenksHouse.504SouthFifthStreetLukeB.CastleHouse.651SouthBroadwayAlexanderJohnsonHouse.119WestChestnutStreetJamesS.AndersonHouse.220WestChestnutStreetRoscoeF.HersevHouse.416SouthFourthStreet(JohnG.Nelson,JamesE.McGrath)JohnJohnsonHouse.404SouthFourthStreetJohnS.ProctorHouse.220SouthFourthStreetJohnS.ProctorHouse.522SouthSixthStreetJamesandRoseSpencerHouse.205EastWalnutJohnG.andJohannaNelsonHouse.220WestOliveAugustusandMaryYoung.208SouthFourthStreet(AnnRobertson)EARLYAGRICULTUREANDRIVERSETTLEMENT(1840-1870)20 Thisstatewidehistoriccontextactuallybeginsinthe1840swithStillwater’sbeginnings.Thedateofthisstatewidecontextis1840becausethefirstfarmwasestablishedinMinnesotanearAfton,accordingtotheStateHistoricPreservationOffice.Thetreatyof1837openedthelandsintheSt.Croix-MississippiRiverdeltaandStillwater,plattedin1848,wasthenstillpartofWisconsinTerritoryfollowingstatehoodinWisconsinthatyear.AsnotedbytheStateHistoricPreservationOffice,theestablishmentofMinnesotaasaterritoryin1849,asastatein1858,andthethreeeventsofthe1850sand1860swhichWilliamWattsFolwellreferstoasthe“tripletroubles,”thePanicof1857,theU.S.Govemment-DakotaConflict(formerlyknownastheSiouxIndianUprising)in1863,andtheCivilWaroftheearly1860s,affectedtheebbandflowofsettlement.ThefirstrailswerebuiltbetweenSt.PaulandMinneapolisin1862,sothatmostoftheeventsinthiscontextoccurredbeforerailroadswerebuilt.ThefirstrailroadlinesarrivedinStillwaterin1870and1871.SettlementinStillwaterbeganalongthewestshoreofLakeSt.Croixinthe1840swithaclusterofcommercialbuildingsandresidencesalonganarrowbenchwhichfollowedtheshorelineandearlybegantospreadupthesurroundinghillstothenorth,south,andwest.AportionofwhatbecametheSouthHillresidentialareawasplattedin1848aspartoftheOriginalTownplat,followingthethen-practiceoflayingoutanorganizedlineartownsite.TheoriginaltownplatextendedsouthtoLocustStreetin1848andwesttoSouthFifthStreet.Theadditionstothesouthandwestintheprojectarea,southtoWillardStreetandwesttoHolcombeStreetwereplattedsubsequently.TheblocksbetweenSouthSixthStreetontheeastandHolcombeonthewestbetweenWestOliveandWestWillard(thewestsideoftheSouthHillprojectarea)wereplattedasThompson,ParkerandMower’sadditiontoStillwateronMay27,1856.21 TheMinnesotaStateHistoricPreservationOfficeofferssomegeneralguidelinestoevaluatingpropertiesunderthiscontext.Agriculturewasprimarilysubsistencefarmingandwheatwastheprimarycashcrop.ThisdoesnotapplytotheSouthHillprojectareaasitexiststoday.Townsfocusedonriversassourcesoftransportationandwaterpower.Morehighly-plannedtownsitesoftenhadlineartown-platsorientedtotheriver.EpisodeswhichthePreservationOfficenotesunderthiscontextinclude:InitialSettlementEastoftheMississippi(1837-1849)InitialclaimsandfarmsDevelopmentofSettlementPatternsRivertownsandlandingsPenetrationbyRailroads(1865-1870)ReorientationofsettlementpatternsThereareseveralreasonsthiscontextwaschosenfortheSouthHillneighborhood.Thebasicstreetlayoutwassetbythe1848platoftheOriginalTown,whichincludedthedowntowncommercialareaandtheriverfront.ThisplatwaslaidoutparallelonanorthwesttosoutheastaxistotheSt.CroixRiver(LakeSt.Croix)anddeterminedthepatternofbuildingsintheprojectarea.LateradditionstotheSouthHillresidentialareawerelaidoutinthecardinaldirectionssothatWillardStreetrunseast-westandHolcombeStreetrunsnorth-south.WillardStreetwasfirstnamed“Goodwood”andremainedsountilsometimeinthelate1870sorearly1880s.Theoriginallotsinthe1848platwere60feetwideandtheblockswerearrangedwithlotsfacingtotheeastandwestalongthenumberedstreets.ThisaccountsforthefewpropertieswhichweresubsequentlybuiltfacingthenamedstreetsonChestnut,Olive,Oak,PineWalnut,andLocust.Generally,unlessthehillsandravinesinterferedwiththegrid,theoriginalblockswerelaidoutwitheithertenor12lotseach.Caplaziclaimedthat“GoodwoodStreet”waschangedtoWillardStreetinthelate1870safteraMr.Willard,afurniture22 dealerwholivedonWillardwestofHolcombeStreet.ThiswasundoubtedlyM.S.Willard,ownerofafurnitureandundertakingestablishmentat48SouthMainwhoresidedinahouseonWillardatthecomerofSmithin1876-77.HolcombeStreet,ontheotherhand,wasnamedforLieutenantGovernorHolcombe,wholivedonthesouthwestcornerofGreeleyandWillardandservedtheTerritoryin1857.HecametoStillwaterin1846andledavariedlifeaswheelwright,steamboatcaptain,lumberman,superintendentofpublicschools,andmayorofStillwaterin1869-70.ThesecondreasonthiscontextwaschosenisthataccordingtotheCountyAssessor’srecords,severalhousesintheSouthHillareclaimedtohavebeenbuiltbyorpriorto1870.Ofthe190propertiesidentified,some26arerecordedorlistedwiththecountyassessorashavingbeenbuiltbytheendof1870.Another27buildings,includingtheWashingtonCountyCourthouse,werebuiltbetween1871-1875,and11werebuiltbetween1876-1879.Thisstudywasunabletoverifyallofthesehousesaspre-1870becausesuchhousespre-dateSanbornInsuranceCompanymaps,permits,reversecitydirectories,orothereasily-referencedsources.Thedatesareundoubtedlyinaccurateinsomecases,butfieldobservationsagreegenerallywithmostofthem.Thislistreflectshousesbuiltbytheendof1870withoutregardtotheirhistoricalphysicalintegrity.ExaminationoftheAbstractsofTitleandtaxrollswouldshedsomelightonearlydatesofconstructionintheprojectarea.Nonetheless,the26pre-1871houseswerespreadratherwidelyovertheSouthHillprojectarea,althoughtheareabarelybuiltupby1870.TheengravedBird’sEyeViewoftheCityofStillwater,printedin1870byRuger(Figure3),showsaconcentrationofmostlycommercialbuildingsextendingfromdowntowntotheblockhalfwaysouthofOliveatthefootofthehillnorthofthehighschool;aclusterofhousestothesouthandsoutheastofthehighschoolbetweenPineandWalnutfromBroadwayontheeasttoThirdonthewest;afewbuildingsatThirdandLocust;andthe23 Figure3:Ruger’s1870Bird’sEyeViewoftheCityofStillwater.-s§?I1«'lirtfliisA#.f*t=p24 SecondPresbyterianChurchprettymuchbyitselfthesouthwestcomerofPineatFourthStreet.DEVELOPMENTOFRESIDENTIALNEIGHBORHOODSINSTILLWATER,1850-1940;HISTORICALCONTEXTOFTHESOUTHHILL,1850s-1940sAllofthepropertiesintheprojectareawereevaluatedunderthiscontext,exceptvacantlotsandthoserepresentingnewinfillandbuiltsince1945,forexample,thecommercialbuildingat220/222SouthThirdStreet,the1961WashingtonCountyAbstractCompanybuildingat522SouthFourthStreet,andnewersinglefamilyhomes.MostoftheeastportionoftheSouthHillneighborhoodunderstudywaspartoftheTownofStillwater,plattedinSeptember,1848,whentheareabetweentheSt.CroixandMississippiriverswasstillpartofWisconsinTerritory(Figure2).Atthattime,“therewereabout600peopleinthetownandneighborhood,ofwhomnearlyallofthemenwerelumbermen(Bailey1867-68:37).”TheprojectarealiesimmediatelysouthoftheCentralBusinessDistrictandextendstoWillardStreetonthesouth.Afterplatting,theneighborhooddidnotbecomesettledimmediately.Morelandwasplattedthanwasimmediatelydevelopedin1848,andthelotsweremostly50feetwidewith12lotstotheblock.TheareaclosesttothedowntownwasbuiltupfirstandthehousesatthenorthendoftheSouthHillrepresenttheearliestperiodofresidentialconstructionintheneighborhood.WhentheOriginalTownplatwasfiledin1848,theblocksintheprojectareaeastofThirdStreetsouthwereplatteddowntoLocustStreet,butthefourblocks,38,39,45,and46westofThirdStreetSouthandsouthofPinewerelaidout,butnotplattedintolotssuggestingthattheprogressionofconstructionhadnotreachedthatfarsouthandwestofthedowntowncommercialarea.SoutheastofBroadwayandLocustwas25 eventuallyplattedasChurchillandNelson’sAddition(Figure4).WestofFifthStreetWilson’sAdditiononthenorthandThompson,Parker,andMower’sAdditiononthesouth,plattedin1856,addedorderlylotstotheSouthHillprojectareabetweenSouthFifthStreetandHolcombeStreetbytheearly1870s.Infact,theareasouthandsouthwesttowardLilyLakewaslaidoutintoblocksandlotsbythetimeAlfredAndreaspublishedhisIllustratedHistoricalAtlasofMinnesotain1874.Intheearlyyearsfrom1848untiltheearly1870s,theSouthHillwascutofffrommostoftherestofStillwaterandappearstohavebeenapastoralplace.SouthThirdStreet,likeSouthandNorthFourthStreettoday,didnotcommunicatewithNorthThirdStreet.“Exceptinafewplaces,thelowbrushgrewtotheedgeofthebluffs”towardSouthBroadway(“StillwaterasitWas”clippinginHelenMcCluerMS).Southofdowntown,residentswentsledding“onthelongwindingroad,fromPineStreet”inwinterandtherewas“agrandFourthofJulypicnicontheSouthHill”onesummer(Ibid.).”CaplazirecalledthattheSouthHillwasthesceneofsmalltravelingcircusesinthe1870sandearly1880s:oneonthe“southwestcomerofPineand5thStreets,wheretheA.T.Jenksresidenceisnow;itoriginallywasthesecondPresbyterianChurch,alwayscalledtheHolcombeChurch”,andanothersmallcircusabout1883“onthenorthwestcomerofOlive&5thwheretheJohnO’Brienresidenceisnow.”NotethattheRugerengravingfrom1870showsthesecondPresbyterianChurchatthesouthwestcomerofPineandFourth,butCaplazirememberedthegeneralarea.AmajorravinebisectedtheprojectareafromeasttowestwhichpresentedobstaclestotheorderlygriddevelopmentoftheSouthHill.ThisisreflectedtodayinthelongblocksbetweenOliveandPinestreetsandthetwo-block-longOakStreetinthemiddleofthisarea.26 BSWISJ2-L"'.v.|•.VIna:”'“V.VVW,I.TAKTKK.Dnutfk^u.••”•'!'•1''V'>-t3&0555^ Fromwesttoeast,Caplazidescribed“apathfromHolcombedownthroughtheravineto4th[StreetSouth]neartoBaptistChurchdownPinetothenorthwestcomeroftheJuniorHighSchool[onPinebetweenSecondandThird]downtheoldgradeto2ndwherethegastankisnow[themiddleofBlock35betweenPine,Olive,SecondandThird]anddownNelsontoMainStreet.”Inaddition,theSouthHillwassohillythatstairswerebuilttogetfromdowntowntothetop.AccordingtotheSanbornInsuranceMaps,alongsetofstairscommunicatedbetweenSouthMainStreetnexttoJosephWolfsBreweryandthehighbluffatSouthBroadwayatthetopofthehill.AndattheendofSouthMainStreetin1904,anothersetofstairsleduptheblufftoSouthBroadwayonwhatwouldbeaneastextensionofEastLocustStreet.In1884,therewasanothersetofstairsextendingahalfblockalongthesouthsideofChestnutStreetbetweenSouthThirdandFourthstreets.Andin1888,alongsetofstairsappearonthewestsideofSouthSecondStreetbetweenPineandOlive.TheselatterstairsbridgedtheravinenorthoftheoldCentralSchoolandwestoftheWolfBreweryonSouthMain.In1870,twoearlybuildingsdominatedtheviewoftheSouthHillfromMainStreetbelow.ThefirstcountycourthousewasbuiltontheSouthHillbetween1867-1870.Thisareawasknownas“Zion’sHill”andthelocationforthenewcourthousewasasubjectofdisagreementuntilSocratesNelson,owneroflandontheSouthHill,offeredtogiveallofBlock36[sic.Block39]facingPineStreetbetweenSouthThirdandFourthstreets,thenconsideredremotefromdowntown,tothecityfor$5.00withnostringsattached(Dunn1962:186-187).ThesecondlargecupolaedbuildingwasStillwater’shighschool.ThevisualqualitiesoftheSouthHillprojectareaarequitedifferentfromtheNorthHill(OriginalTown)inthatthelinearqualityofthenorth-southstreetsontheNorthHillgive28 thatneighborhoodamoregrid-likecharacter.AlthoughtheSouthHillneighborhoodislargelycontainedwithintheOriginalTownplat,asistheNorthHillareastudiedin1995,moreparcelsintheSouthHillprojectareawerecombinedtoproducelargerlots.Portionsofsomestreetswerevacated,givingamorepicturesqueandlessregularappearancetotheSouthHillneighborhood.Inaddition,theSouthHillneighborhoodishillierandthetopographylessregularthantheNorthHillneighborhood.StreetgradesaresteeperontheSouthHillthanontheNorthHill.TheSouthHillneighborhoodismoreisolatedbyvirtueofSouthFourthandSouthFifthstreetsnotbeingthrough-streetsandbyWestChestnutnotrunningcleartoeitherSouthThirdStreetorSouthFifthStreet,aswellasbythevacatedportionofSouthFourthStreetsouthofWestOakStreet(compareFigure2,theOriginal1848plat,withFigure1,theSouthHillResidentialProjectAreaBoundaries).Vacationoftheabove-mentionedstreetsappearstohavebeendonebyintentaswellasnecessity.Theresultisthattheoriginalgrid-patternoftheSouthHill,laidoutin1848,wassubverted.AlthoughpartofthishastodowiththesteepgradesandravinesoftheSouthHillneighborhood,thismaynotbethewholeexplanation.AnewsuburbanaestheticwasdevelopingintheUnitedStatesatthetime,especiallyduringthe1880s,butextendingfromthe1870stotheearly1890s,whenmanyofthelargerSouthHillhouseswerebeingconstructed.Thereappeartobeatleast28or29housesintheSouthHillprojectareawhichwerebuiltorenlargedduringthe1880sandtheyaremostofthegranderhousesintheneighborhoodtoday.AlongwiththeapparentuseofpattembooksinStillwaterasbasesforarchitecturalstylesanddesigns,wasanemphasisinthesamepattembooksonannewsuburbanideal.Beginninginthe1870s,pattembookwritersbegantoargueforrevisedstandardsintasteandbeauty.HenryHudsonHollyarguedin1863andagainin1878thathishomeswere“isolatedandindependent,”“freefromallintrusions,”and“sitedinpicturesquescenery.”Hollypresentedoneoftheearliestrationalesforsuburban29 neighborhoodlivingwhenhesuggestedthatfamiliescould“club”togethertocreateaparklikeneighborhood.Hewasparticularlyinterestedinsitingandadvocatedapicturesquesetting,forexampleahouseonahillsidewithagrandviewcouldprovideasenseofthesublime.Roads,Hollysuggested,shouldbedesignedcarefullytomeetthenaturalcurvesofthelandscapeandtakeadvantageof“significantvistasanddistantperspectives(Clark1986:73-74).”Holly’shousedesigns,themselves,wereeclecticandpicturesque,borrowedfromCharlesLockeEastlake,butunlikeEastlake,fullof“irregularities,suchasprojectionsofroofs,canopies,verandas,andbay-windows”(Ibid.)aswellasdiversityinwallsurfaces,ornatechimneys,andmultiplecolorschemes.BecausetheSouthHillprojectareawaslessbuilt-upin1870-71thantheNorthHill(OriginalTown),theSouthHillprojectareaappearstobetterreflectthenewpicturesqueaestheticinbothitslandscapeandthestyleofitshouses.ThiscanbeseeninstudyingRuger’s1870Bird’sEyeViewoftheCityofStillwater(Figure3).TheNorthHillstudyfoundthatbusinessmenwhobuiltorlivedontheNorthHilltendedingeneraltobuildorbuyhousesatthatendoftown.Similarly,theSouthHillwassettledbypeoplewhoworkedinbusinessesatthesouthendofStillwater.LukeB.Castle’shouseat651SouthBroadwaywasprobablybuiltontheSouthHilltherebecauseitwasclosertohisbusinesssouthofthedowntowndistrict.Before1870,CastleandDavidC.GaslinbuiltalumbermillatSouthStillwater,whichhelatersold.IteventuallybecametheSouthStillwaterLumberCompanywhichwasboughtbyalumberconcernownedbyDavidTozer.Thehouseat604SouthThirdStreet,builtaround1880,wasreputedlybuiltbyJosephSchupp.Schuppbeganhisbusinessin1886asJosephSchupp&Son,asawholesalerofcigarsandtobacco,oneoffoursuchconcernsinStillwater.Healsoownedawholesalegrocerybusinesswhichdealtexclusivelyinstapleandheavygroceriesandwasstartedin1884.ItwaslocatedonSouthMainStreetoppositetheOmahadepotandineasywalkingdistancefromhishouseontheSouthHill.In1887,his30 twobusinessesgrossedastaggering$360,000(Barrett1887:32-33).Hewasapparentlyoutfittinglumberconcernsduringthewintercutting.AnotherbusinessmanwithamammothcommercialinterestinStillwaterwasFredPennington.HeoperatedthehugevolumeMinnesotaMercantileCompanyat401-411EastChestnutandlivedat655SouthSecondStreetnearby.Penningtonwasvice-presidentofthiswholesalegroceryconcernandJamesS.O’Brien,wholivedat422WestPine,waspresident.TheirterritorywastheentireNorthwestandtheycarriedfamilyandstaplegroceries.BothO’BrienandPenningtonwerealsoactivelyengagedinlumbering.TheSouthHillwaschosenbymanysmallbusinessmenasaplacetobuildahomeortolive.Someofthesepeoplebecameverysuccessfulovertheyears,othershadrespectablebusinessesforyearsinStillwater.PhillipPotts,forexample,camefromPrussiaandwasattractedtoStillwateraround1855toclerkforhisbrotherinahardwarebusiness.HechangedhisoccupationtosteamboatingandenlistedintheCivilWarin1861.ThenhemovedtoTennesseeandworkedinacandystore,relocatedtoOwatonna,Minnesota,forthreeyears,andreturnedtoStillwaterin1875wherehebeganingeneralmerchandiseandthenmovedintothewholesaleliquortrade.Hebuiltahouseat118WestOakStreetontheSouthHillsometimeinthe1870s.CharlesBooownedtheAxelJohnsonHouseduringthe1930swhichwaslocatedat120WestChestnut.Hewaslistedintheearly1880sasownerofasalooninthecity.JosephBerkley,ownerofthehouseat618SouthThirdStreet,wasvice-presidentoftheJosephWolfCompanyonSouthMainStreet.E.D.TaylorwaspresidentoftheLumbermen’sPrintingCompany,inthe1882-83citydirectoryandwaslistedaslivingat607[now609]S.Broadway.TheSouthHillresidentialareaalsoattractedprofessionals.ThomasLeckybuiltthehouseat225WestChestnutinthelate1880s.HewaslistedatalawyerwithofficesonSouthMainStreetin1882-83.LouisManwaring,aprominentStillwaterattorney,builta31 houseat303WestOlivein1906.Anothersuccessfullawyer,FayetteMarsh,builtahugehomeonthewestsideofSouthBroadwayat516.ThepropertycoveredfourlotsbetweenEastPineandEastWalnut.Hiscarriagehousewasbuiltacrossthestreettoaccommodatethehorses,carriages,andacoachman.Bythe‘teens,theMarshHousehadbeenrazedandtheHansonandThoreenfamiliesbuilthousesat510and516SouthBroadwayin1914and1922.MarshownedastonequarryinStillwaterintheearly1880sandthismayhavebeenwherehemadehismoney.OtherresidentsoftheSouthHillheldgovernmentjobsorwereelectedofficials.JohnS.ProctorcametoMinnesotain1849andwaselectedregistrarofdeedsatthefirstelectionofWashingtonCountyofficialsthatyear.Heheldtheofficefortwotermswhilealsoservingaspostmaster.Proctorseemstohavebeena“manofparts.”HehadtaughtschoolinMissouribeforecomingtoMinnesota.Between1852-56,heownedageneralmerchandisebusinessofShort,ProctorandCompany,andthenopenedahardwarestorewithhisbrotherunderthenameProctorBrothers,whichclosedin1860.Happily,onJanuary1,1860,ProctorwasappointedwardenoftheMinnesotaStatePrison,apositionhehelduntil1868.Atthesametime,healsoservedassecretaryandtreasureroftheSt.CroixBoomCompanyuntilDecember,1880.ProctorservedasmayorofStillwaterfrom1877-80,andthenwasappointedbyGovernorPillsburyasthesurveyorgeneraloflogsandlumberofthefirstdistrictbeginninginApril,1881.Proctorlivedat220SouthFourthStreet,whichthecountyassessordatesto1852.ThiswasalsothehouseofFrancisR.Delano,whowasthefirstwardenoftheStillwaterstateprisonandassumedhisdutiesinMarch,1853,duringwhichtherewerenoprisoners.Heservedinthatcapacityuntil1858andalsoservedasmayorofStillwaterin1862foraone-yearterm.EdwardW.Durant,whoalsolivedontheSouthHill,wasanotherStillwatermayorfrom1889-91.AndJacobKolliner,Stillwaterbusinessman,wasmayorfrom1915-20.Kollinermayhavebeentheoriginalownerofthehouseat512SouthSixthStreet.32 TheSouthHillattractedlocaltradesmenwhomadetheneighborhoodtheirhome.TheJohnWhitesideHouseat223WestPineStreetwaspresumablybuiltaround1880.Accordingtohisdaughter,Whitesidewasanornamentalplastererbytradeanddiddecorativeceilings,amongotherthings(Lutzca.1948:n.d.)GeorgeRippman,whobuiltthehouseat222WestWillard,wasateamster.AndAugustArndt,whobuiltthehouseat323SouthHolcombe,wasadealerandrepairerofbootsandshoes,accordingtothe1887citydirectory.Thesearebutafewoftheexamplesoforiginalownerswhobuiltmodest,oftenfront-facinggabledhouses,intheSouthHillprojectarea.PublicSchools:TheSouthHillprojectareawasthesightofseveralchurch-sponsoredandparochialschoolsovertheyears,butfewpublicschools.Thefirst“modem”publicschooltobebuiltinStillwaterwastheCentralSchoolin1869atPineStreetbetweenSouthSecondandThirdstreets.Ithassincebeenrazed.ThefirstactualschoolbuildingerectedwasontheNorthHillwheretheJudgeNethewayHouse,laterownedbySueCollins,wasbuilt.Itwasamodestwood-framedbuilding.TheCentralSchoolontheSouthHillwasanambitiousprojectforitsday.JohnGreenandThomasSinclairwerethecontractors.Theschoolwasthreestoriestallwitharaisedbasementandprominentcupola,builtofstone,mildlyItalianateindesign,contained12classroomstoaccommodate450students,andevenhadsteamheat.Itcost$45,000.CentralSchoolwaslocatedat110EastPineStreet.By1938,theCentralSchoolhadaneastandwestwingandagymnasiumtotheeastandwasStillwaterJuniorHighSchool.In1887,theStillwaterHighSchoolwaserectedat110WestPineStreetacrossSouthThirdStreetfromtheCentralSchool.In1918,aneastadditionwasconstructedtotheoriginalhighschoolbuilding.Withtheendoftheloggingera,thepubicschoolssuffered33 fromlackofmoneyandin1923,FredM.Tozergifted$75,000totheStillwaterschooldistrictfortheconstructionofagymnasium.Between1910-24,theUniversalistChurchbehindthehighschoolwasenlargedwiththeadditionofaheatingplantandmadeintotheDomesticScienceBuildingofthehighschoolcomplex(Roney1970,p.46).Duringtheseyearsagymnasiumwasbuiltontothewestsideofthehighschoolbuilding.In1927,thehighschoolbuildingwasexpandedwiththeadditionoftheWestWing.Whenthisgymbecametoosmall,theTozerFoundationgaveanother$150,000toexpandthegymbyinstallingaswimmingpooltothenorthoftheoriginalgym,completedin1951.ThehighschoolbuildingwasguttedbyfireonDecember23,1957andtomdown.Whenthenewhighschoolbuildingwascompletedin1960,whatremainedoftheoriginalhighschoolbuildingwasusedastheStillwaterJuniorHighSchoolcomplexwithatunnelunderSouthThirdStreettoconnectthetwoparts(PetersonandThilgen1992:89,92).Inadditiontothesepublicschoolsat110EastandWestPine,therewereseveralprivateorparochialschools,usuallyassociatedwithchurches.Twoarestilloperating:St.Michael’sschoolandSt.Mary’sschool.Churches:TheSouthHillresidentialareahadaconcentrationofchurchbuildings,butnotallofthestmctureshavesurvivedsincefirstsettlement.Asonehistorianhasnoted,“ThirdStreet,awayfromthehustleandbustle,waslinedbyafinesuccessionofchurchesandpublicbuildings”(Johnstonp.116).ThetwolargestcomplexesarethoseofSt.Michael’sChurch,at611SouthThirdStreet,andSt.Mary’sCatholicChurchat407SouthFifth.St.Michael’sChurchcomplexconsistedofthechurchbuilding,erectedin1873-75,at611SouthThirdStreet,arectoryat601SouthThird,theClancyMemorialSchoolat615-617SouthThird,andSt.Joseph’sConventat653SouthThird.Theconventhasbeenrazedandthelandisnowtheschool’splayground.St.Michael’sChurchwasfirstlocatedatNorthFourthandMulberry.St.Mary’swasorganizedin1865forStillwater’s34 German-speakingpeople.St.Mary’scomplexconsiststodayofapriest’srectory,church,schoolbuilding,andanewlyconstructedactivitiescenterstretchingalongtheeastsideofSouthFifthStreetfrom407southonfivelots.Thepresentchurchedificedatesfrom1883.Theschoolbuildingwasbuiltin1888andenlargedandremodeledin1908.AnotherchurchpropertyontheSouthHillistheSt.PaulLutheranChurch,builtin1952,at609SouthFifthStreet.Aneducationalwingwasaddedtothischurchin1967.St.Paul’sbeganasSt.Paul’sGermanLutheranChurch,whichcongregationbuiltanedificein1870onSouthThirdStreet.TheGothic-styled,tall-spired,brickNorwegianLutheranChurchwasbuiltat121SouthSixthStreetandthecornerstonelaidonMay10,1896.ThiscongregationwasthesuccessorofaNorwegianLutherangroupinStillwaterwhichunitedin1890,combiningNorwegianLutherangroupsinHudson,Wisconsin,RiverFalls,Wisconsin,andSouthStillwater,andStillwater,Minnesota.AnearlymanseontheSouthHilldatingfromaround1850isTheReverendHenryM.NicholsHouseat208WestChestnutStreet.ItwaslocatedupthehillfromtheFirstPresbyterianChurchatthecornerofThirdandMyrtlestreets.TheNicholsHousewasbuiltforhimbyhisparishioners.Nicholswasthechurch’sfirstpastorandservedfrom1851-53.Anotherparsonageintheprojectareawasahomeboughtin1904bytheLadies’AidSocietyofSt.Peter’sLutheranChurchforitsministerat430SouthBroadway.Thebuildingwiththejerkin-headroofnextdoortothenorthat428SouthBroadwaywasbuiltafter1910andshownin1924asSt.Peter’sEvangelicalChurch.Itisnowaprivatehome.AmongthosechurcheswhichhavenotsurvivedintheSouthHillprojectareaarethoseofSt.PaulGermanLutheranChurchandschoolat320SouthThirdStreet(replacedbyanapartmentbuilding);theEvangelicalLutheranSalemChurchandschoolhouseat320SouthFourthStreet(nowacondominium);andtheSecondPresbyterianChurch,locatedatthecornerofPineandSouthFourthstreetsandknownintheearlydaysasthe35 “HolcombeChurch.”TheSecondPresbyterianChurchpropertywasboughtbytheFirstBaptistChurch,502SouthFourthStreet(nowavacantlot)in1881.TheFirstBaptiststorethechurchbuildingdownandbuiltanewchurchonthelotin1890-91.Thischurchbuildingisnowgone,butthenewparsonagefortheFirstBaptistChurchwasbuiltin1953nextdoorat506SouthFourthStreet.SalemLutheranChurch,ontheotherhand,wasformedin1882afteranumberofmembersleftSt.Paul’sGermanLutheranChurchtoformaneworganization.TherewasanotherchurchonSouthThirdStreet,whichwaserectedbytheUniversalistSociety,aStillwatergroupwhichformedin1861andhiredWilliamWillimtoerectastoneedifice.ThischurchstoodnorthoftheoldhighschoolbuildingbetweenWestOakandWestPineonthewestsideofSouthThirdStreet.HistorianhavenotedthatthechurchesinStillwaterwerenotnecessarilybuiltfortheneighborhoodstheyserved,norfortheparticularethnicmake-upoftheneighborhoods.OftheCatholicchurches,St.Michael’swasIrishCatholic,St.Mary’sGermanCatholic,andSt.Joseph’sFrenchCatholic.TheresidentsoftheSouthHillappear,onlimitedresearch,tohavebeenanadmixtureofrepresentativegroupsfromStillwater’searlydays:German,YankeeNewEnglanders,andSwissseemtohavepredominated.CaplazinotedonecaveattotheSwiss:peopleinearlyStillwaterdefinedthemselvesaseitherSwissorItalian,dependinguponthepoliticalsituationandboundariesbetweenSwitzerlandandItaly.WhatisclearabouttheSouthHillprojectareaisthatifyoucouldaffordtobuildthereorremainthereinanexistinghouse,youstayed,nomattertheincomelevelorethnicorreligiousaffiliation.Inthissense,theSouthHillneighborhoodwassimilartotheNorthHillneighborhood.BUILDERS,ARCHITECTS,andARCHITECTURALSTYLES36 ThisisthesecondsystematicstudyofStillwater’sresidentialneighborhoodsundertheCertifiedLocalGovernmentgrantadministeredbytheStateHistoricPreservationOffice.Itaddslittletowhatwasdiscoveredinthefirstneighborhoodtobesystematicallystudiedbecauseofcontractrestraints.TheinformationonStillwater’sneighborhoodsasregardsbuilders,architects,andmaterialswillbecumulativeandanover-allpictureshouldemergebyaround2003whenalltheneighborhoodshavebeenstudied.ItisunfortunatethatnoneoftheovertenyearsofresearchandworkbythelocalRiverTownRestorationgroupandPaulLarsonwereavailableforthisstudyoftheSouthHillorthepreviousstudyoftheNorthHill.Apparently,PaulLarsonhasabookintheprocessofbeingprintedandpublishedbytheMinnesotaHistoricalSocietywhichmaybeavailabletowardtheendof1996.TheNorthwestArchitecturalArchivescontainsvirtuallynoinformationonarchitectswhopracticedinStillwater’sresidentialneighborhoods.AugustusF.KnightdesignedboththeWashingtonCountyCourthousein1867andSt.Mary’sChurch,bothontheSouthHill.HewasborninNewYorkStatein1831,cametoSt.AnthonyFallsin1857andsettledinSt.Paulwherehepracticedfrom1861-1912.ThereisnoevidenceyetthatKnight’sknowncommissionsinStillwatergainedhimsubsequentcommissions,eitherresidentialorcommercial.Littleisaddedtotheinformationonotherarchitectswhoareknowntohavedesignedbuildingsintheprojectarea.TheWhitesideHouseat223WestPineStreetisthoughtbytheoriginalowner’sdaughtertohavebeendesignedbyanarchitectnamed“Fitzgerald.”NoarchitectnamedFitzgeraldisknowntohavepracticedinMinnesotainthe1880s,accordingtoA1LathropattheNorthwestArchitecturalArchives,andCharlesNelson,attheMinnesotaSHPO.NorisFitzgeraldlistedintheStillwatercitydirectoriesasanarchitect.OntheremotechancethatWhiteside’sdaughterwasrememberinga“Fitzpatrick,”wecheckedtheNorthwestArchitecturalArchiveswhichlistedtwoFitzparticks,Francis,bomin1864,andMark,bomin1866.37 ThesewereeliminatedaspossiblearchitectoftheWhitesideHouse,becausetheywouldhavebeen16and14respectivelyin1880.ThecurrentSouthHillstudyconfirmsthefindingsontheNorthHillstudythatmanyofthecity’sresidences,grandandmodest,largeandsmall,wereprobablybuiltbyStillwater’smanycontractorsandcarpentersusingpatternbooksandtakingadvantageofthecity’snumerouslumberyardsandstockmillwork.Suchwidely-publishedbooksasA.J.Bicknell’sexpensiveandlavishVillageBuilder(1870),HenryHudsonHolly’sHolly’sCountrySeats(1863),andhislaterModernDwellingsinTownandCountry,AdaptedtoAmericanWantsandClimate(1878),firstpublishedinHarper’sMonthly,aswellasbest-sellingplanbooksfromGeorgeandCharlesPalliser,Palliser’sNewCottageHomesandDetails(1887)andPalliser’sAmericanArchitecture(1888);andRobertShopell’sModernHouses;BeautifulHomes(1887)allmayhaveaidedlocalcontractorsandcarpentersinerectingbothcommercialandresidentialstructures,especiallyaftertherailroadscametoStillwaterin1870-71.RogerKennedynotedin1963thatmanyoftheolderhousesintheSt.Croixvalley:hadbeenderivedfromcarpenters’guides,patternbooks,andhandbooksofarchitecturewhichcameintothehandsofbuildersinthearealongbeforeprofessionalarchitectsbegantohavesomeinfluenceinthe1880sand1890s.Thesebooksofferedmodelstopleasealltastes,facilitatingchoiceamongstylesbyfrequentillustrationsandcarefulillustrations.FavoritethemesweretheGreekandGothicrevivals,whicharrivedsimultaneouslyinthevalley,settingoffthealterationbetweenclassicandpicturesque,restraintandexuberance,whichhascontinuedtothisday(Kennedy1963:339).Kennedycites,forexample,theJohnS.ProctorHouseat220SouthFourthStreet.Builtduringthe1850s,theProctorHousehadavirtualtwinintheWilliamHolcombeHouseinStillwater.Bothweremodestone-story,side-gabledsimpleGreekRevivalstylehouses38 towhichdormershavebeenaddedtotheProctorHouse(Kennedy1963:339).TheProctorHousehaswhiteclapboardwithagabled,fully-pedimentedfrontporticowith“boxedpilasters.”Thefactthatthesetwoearlyhousesweresosimilarsuggeststheworkoflocalcarpentersorbuilderswhousedapatternbookfortheover-alldesign.ThereisanotherhouseorpossiblytwoinGothicRevivalstyleintheSouthHillprojectareawhichappeartohavebeeninfluencedbytheearlierworkofAndrewJacksonDowning.Downing(1815-1852)wasthecountry’sfirstgreatlandscapegardenerandapioneerdesignerofthesmallinexpensivedetachedhouse,instylisticvariationssuchasGothic,bracketed,Italianate,and“rustic.”Ratherthanhavinganactivearchitecturalpractice,Downingpopularizedhishousesandgardendesignsthroughsuchbest-settingbookssuchasTheArchitectureofCountryHouses(1850)andVictorianCottageResidences,firstpublishedin1842andrepublishedevenafterhisdeathin1852.TwoGothicstylehouses,fromthestandpointofmassingaswellasafewsurvivingdetails,ontheSouthHillaretheReverendHenryM.NicholsHouseat208WestChestnutandtheRoseandJamesSpencerHouseat205EastWalnut.TheNicholsHousewasbuiltbytheminister’sFirstPresbyterianChurchparishioneratthetopofthehillonChestnutabovethechurch.Withitssmallcornerporchwithslendersquarecolumns,aprominentchimney,steeply-pitchedroof,and“carpenter’slace”alongtheeaves,itcharacterizedthepicturesquepopularizedbyDowning(Kennedy1963:344).AnotherhouseinGothicstyleistheSpencerHouseat205EastWalnut,asmallhousewithpointedGothicdoublewindows.Thedouble-pointedwindowsandthesquaredpostsandratherflatroofontheentranceporticototheSpencerHousearesimilartotheengravingsinDowning’sVictorianCountryCottages.UnliketheNorthHillprojectarea,theSouthHillwaspredominantlyshapedbytheexuberantstylespopularinthe1880s,suchastheItalianate,FrenchSecondEmpire,and,39 especially,QueenAnne.TheItalianorItalianatestyletranslatedlocallyfromwhatwasprobablyapatternbookisrepresentedbytheMortimerWebsterHouseat435SouthBroadway.Webster,aStillwaterhousebuilder,builtthishouseforhimselfin1865-66.Thewoodensidinghasbeenrusticatedtosimulatestone.Atleastoneresearcherthinksthattheadjacentsimilarly-styledhouseat437SouthBroadwaywasalsobuiltbyMortimerWebster(Rollinsca.1976:48).AgrandercousinoftheItalianateistheItalianVillastyle.WhilenopureexampleexistsontheSouthHill,thereareseveralhouseswhichhaverichly-detailedtowers,ahallmarkoftheItalianVillastyle,eitheraspartoftheoriginaldesignoroneswhichwereaddedtoexistinghouses.Oneexampleisthehouseat319WestPine,withitsrecentlyrestoredtower.Finally,thecurrentstudyhasshownthatthemostpopularstyleontheSouthHillwastheQueenAnnestyleanditspoorersister,the“PrincessAnne.”UndoubtedlythebestexampleoftheQueenAnnestyleinStillwaterattheheightofitsgloryin1885istheAlexanderandIdaJohnsonHouseat119WestChestnut.BUILDINGMATERIALSONTHESOUTHHILLTheSouthHillneighborhoodhasfewerlimestonewallsalongthestreetsthantheNorthHill(OriginalTown)neighborhooddoes,butwheretheyareused,theyarenormallyretainingwallsatthesidewalkoralongdriveways.AnattributeoftheSouthHillisthelimestonefoundationsundermanyofthehousesandthelimestoneretainingwallswherethestreetsarenotlevel.NewtonHoraceWinchelldescribedthedolomiticlimestonearoundStillwaterinvolumeoneofhisTheGeologyofMinnesotain1884:Dr.C.CarliopenedastonequarryatStillwaterin1847nearthenorthernlimitsofthecity.In1884,aMr.ConklingwasoperatingCarli’sfirstquarry.SubsequentquarrieswereopenedandoperatedbyHersey,StaplesandHallandbyFayetteMarshbeginningin1854.40 Limestoneblocksof18-30inchesthickwerequarriedlocally,somecoarseanddark-coloredandusedonlyforfoundationsand“heavymasonry.”Otherformationswere“usefulforallwork,owingtoitshomogeneousandgranularbutcompacttexture.”Thelocallimestonewasvaluedandusedfor“ashlers,pilastersandcopings,andforallcommontrimmings(Winchell1884,vol.1:555).”Apparently,noteveryonethoughtthelocalbuildingstonearoundStillwaterwasfirstrate.WhentheSt.Michael’sChurchwasbegunin1872,thecongregationchoselocalstoneforthewalls,butusedKasotastonefromthetrimmings(Barrett1887:47).Itisfairlycommonforahigher-qualitystone,particularlyKasotastoneorgranite,tobeusedfortrimmingonnineteenthcenturybrickorstoneMinnesotabuildings.Limestoneblocks,ayellowishcolor,arealsofairlycommonashousefoundationsontheSouthHill.TherearenotasmanyironfencesinvariousstylesaswasfoundontheNorthHill,butthiscouldbeanaccidentoftimeandcircumstance.ThetopicofironfenceshasbeencoveredinRoberts’reportoftheNorthHillsurveyin1995.CHANGESTOTHESOUTHHILLOvertheyears,theSouthHillhaschangedfromitsoriginalappearance.Asnotedabove,therearenotasmanychuchbuildingsasonceexisted.Somecongregationshavefoldedandsomeofthebuildingshavebeentorndown,destroyedbyfire,orconvertedtocondominiumsorapartments.Inaddition,somebuildingswhichgavecharactertotheSouthHillprojectareaaregone:theCentralSchool,theoldStillwaterHighSchool,theFayetteMarshHouseonSouthBroadway.Inthecaseoftheschools,thelotsonEaastandWestPineonwhichtheysataretodaylflatanduninterestingthethebuildings’disappearancehasleftaholeintheWestPinestreetscape.41 Inaddition,itusedtobefairlycommontomovehouses.Althoughthiswasn’tresearchedthoroughly,oneexampleisthehouseat623SouthFourthStreet,movedin1924,accordingtotheCountyAssessor.AnotherisexplainedbyCaplaziinhis1944reminiscence:Inthelate1870sE.L.HerseybuiltaresidenceonthesoutheastcomerofPineand6thandafterlivingrhereseveralyears,soldittoJakeBeanandboughttheWilliamMaypropertyandbuiltaresidencethereafterlivingthereseveralyearssoldtoGeo.AtwoodandmovedtoSt.Paul.Wm.MaymovedhishousetothecomerofPineand5thwhichlaterbecameAtwoodproperty.Finally,thetreesandplantingsaremuchtallerandlargerthanatthetum-of-the-century.Inmostcases,theSouthHillareatodayisdifficulttoseeasawhole,especiallyinthesummermonthswhenthetreesareleafedout.r42 V.RECOMMENDATIONS1.OnehousenotcurrentlyoneithertheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesnorthelocallistofsignificantpropertiesistheJamesandRoseSpencerHouseat205EastWalnutStreet.ThisappearstobeindividuallyeligibleatalocallevelasanarchitecturallyimportantlocalexampleoftheGothicRevivalstyle.Theover-allhistoricalphysicalintegrityisexcellent.AdditionalresearchshouldbedoneintheA.J.DowningpatternbooksinordertodeterminejustwhatdesignelementswereadaptedfromDowning’swork.Thishousehasbeentraditionallyreferredtoasthe“Mrs.RoseSpencer”House.Itwascommoninthenineteenthcenturyformentoplacethepropertyintheirwives’names.ItshouldnotbeassumedthatMrs.RoseSpenceralwayslivedherealone,thatshemadethemoneytobuildthehouse,orthatherhusbanddidnotlivehereaswell.Accordingtothe1876-77Stillwatercitydirectory,however,JamesSpencerwaslivingatthisaddressaswell.Thehouseshouldbelistedasthe“JamesandRoseSpencerHouse.”2.ThereappearstobeapotentialNationalRegisterDistrictinthewestsideoftheSouthHillprojectarea.ThisdistrictprobablyextendsintotheareaonthewestsideofSouthSixthStreetandSouthHolbombeStreetwheretherehasyetbeennoIdentificationphase.ThepotentialdistrictisshowninFigure5entitled“Stillwater,MinnesotaSouthHillSurvey,PotentialHistoricDistrict.”TheshadedpropertiesinFigure5arepropertieswhichwouldbepotentially“contributing”tothesignificanceofthedistrict.Theunshadedpropertieswouldbethosewhicharepotentially“non-contributing”tothesignificanceofthedistrict.TheareaatthenorthendofSouthFourthandSouthFifthalongWestChestnutandWestOlivestreetswashistoricallyknownas“ChestnutHill”andwastheareaofwealthyStillwaterresidentsandimportantbusinessmeninthenineteenthcentury.Itislikelythatthispotentialresidentialdistrictwillextendtothewestwhensubsequentresidentialsurveysarecompletedandmayalsoextendtothesouth43 sideofWestWillard.Thepropertyat101WestPineistheWashingtonCountyCourthouseandiscurrentlylistedontheNationalRegister.ThisareaoftheSouthHillwasformerlyknownas“Zion’sHill.”Thispotentialdistrict’sboundariestogetherwithwhatwouldbepreciselyin-andout-sidethedistrictareyettobedetermined.3.TheJassoyBlock,enteredontheNationalRegisteronOctober1,1990(thedatethePart1wasapproved)asahistorictaxcertificationproject,hasuncompletedpaperworkattheMinnesotaSHPO.TheStillwaterHPCandcityplannershouldcontacttheownerandencouragehimorhertocompletethePart3andsubmititsotheprojectcanbeclosed.Thisomissioninnowayeffectstheproperty’scurrentlistingontheNationalRegister,butthehistorictaxcreditsaretechnicallyinjeopardy,especiallyifthePart3isfoundtobeunacceptableonceitisreviewedbytheSHPO’shistoricarchitect.AllthatisneededforthePart3submissionisacompletedPart3form(2pages)and“after”photographsintwosets,properlylabeled.4.TheStillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionmaywanttolookintohowtoobtainphotocopiesoftheindividualhouseinformationinthepossessionofPaulLarson.5.OneoftherecommendationswhichRobertVogelmadein1993inhiscontextstudyofStillwaterwastoconsidertheravinesandpathsandroutesthroughtheneighborhoodsofStillwaterintodowntown.TheSouthHillhasseveral.Theydidnotreceivemuchattentioninthisstudy,butwesuggestthatwhentheolderneighborhoodsurveysarecompleted,someoneevaluatealltheselandformsandtheirusesfortheentirecityandarriveatsomecomparativeevaluationoftheirsignificance.44 f^etfintialNationalRegisterDistrict.ShadedpropertiesarethosewhichompoTSTrtiaiW“contributing”tothesignificanceofthedistrict.Figure5:Areaoappearto&.sa(WgCO§55LOSouthBroadwayStreet00S2§5§8a1CVJs2COC\JICOCOCOCOCO3CMCMCO2t021888SLLICOCOCO§205I**-CDCOs5SouthSecondStreet110SouthThirdStreeto-o2SSJ22SSa§COCO110joS119118117gSouthFourthStreetsI1gfptsa«li§vOa§205201116oSiI2255220iSouthFifthStreet§$ICO8306303§3182~^2£~321SouthSixthStreetnrI VI.APPENDICES46 APPENDIXALISTOFINVENTORIEDPROPERTIESKey:(CA)=CountyAssessorca.=circaHPC=StillwaterHeritagePreservationCommissionfieldsurvey,1995HVF=HouseVerticalFile,StillwaterPublicLibraryNRHP=propertieslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlacesRTR=RiverTownRestorationssource,tourbookletdateusuallygivenrem.=remodelled,accordingtotheCountyAssessor’sdataRollins=JoLutzRollins,ca.1976(S)=SanbornFireInsurancemaps,1884-1956SHAL=“StillwaterBookExtension”andRTRHouseBookHouses“StillwaterHouseAddressList”inStillwaterPublivLibrary*=PINsmissing/ornotknownforsure?=QuestionaboutlikelydateororiginalownerHistoricNameAddressInventoryNo.PINDateBuilt*WA-SWC-035E.W.Durant-McCuishHouse437South2ndStreet1870and1910WA-SWC-036House501South2ndStreet*ca.1875WA-SWC-037House(duplex)509South2ndStreet*ca.1885WA-SWC-038House516South2ndStreet10694-25501870(CA)47 517South2ndStreet*House(nowquad-plex)1880WA-SWC-039518South2ndStreet10694-26001880,rem1986(CA)WA-SWC-040House520South2ndStreet10694-26501880(CA)WA-SWC-041House655South2ndStreet1875(CA)ca.1870(RTR1988)9305-8800WA-SWC-042House1870(CA)1875-76(SHAL)663South2ndStreet9305-8780JohnRoneyHouse(SHAL)WA-SWC-043JassoyBlock204South3rdStreet(listedas200S.3rd)10693-23501886WA-SWC-212(NRHP)SimonetFuneralHome(currentlyJosephH.RoachHall)208South3rdStreet10693-24001930(CA)WA-SWC-044vacantlot218South3rdStreet10693-2475WA-SWC-045noneofficebuilding(chiropractorandrealtyoffices)220/222South3rdStreet10693-25501952(CA)WA-SWC-046doctor’soffice/house302South3rdStreetWA-SWC-04710693-33001870(CA)(in1884,easthalfthere;westhalfappears1888-1891(S)48 310South3rdStreet1876rem.,1984(CA)pre-1884House(convertedtoapartments)10693-3500WA-SWC-048(S)312South3rdStreet10693-35501876,rem.DoubleHouse(convertedtoapartments)WA-SWC-0491983(CA);pre-1884(S)320South3rdStreet10693-36001963apartmentbuilding(formerlySt.Paul’sGermanLutheranChurchandSchoolorEvangelicalLutheranSalemChurchandschoolhousein1898WA-SWC-050(CA);rem.1980(church:1872)324South3rdStreet10693-3700ca.1884-87;rem.1980(CA)furniturestore&meatmarket(1888WA-SWC-051S)400South3rdStreet10693-4300post-1875WA-SWC-052House406South3rdStreet10693-43501875(CA)WA-SWC-053House505South3rdStreet1870(CA)10694-2950WA-SWC-054HouseHouse(duplex)509South3rdStreet10694-2850,1860,rem.1940(CA)WA-SWC-0553000House(duplex)515South3rdStreet10694-28001860(CA)[incorrect,ca.1880?]WA-SWC-056519South3rdStreet10694-2700;WA-SWC-057House1880,rem.1960(CA)275049 604South3rdStreet10694-50001880,rem.1960(CA)JosephSchuppHouse(SHAL)WA-SWC-058611South3rdStreet10694-4775ca.1873-5“A.D.1873”(dateblock)St.Michael’sCatholicChurchat601;rectoryat611;ClancyMemorialSchoolat615-627;StJoseph’sConventat653WA-SWC-059612South3rdStreet10694-49501875,rem.1982(CA)WA-SWC-060House618South3rdStreet10694-49001910(CA)BerkleyHouseWA-SWC-061622South3rdStreet10694-48501895(CA)WA-SWC-062House628South3rdStreet9305-86601890(CA)Mrs.OliveT.WaldrefHouse(Westofthehouseissiteofawaterfountainforhorses)WA-SWC-063208South4thStreetMaryandAugustusYoungHouse10693-2700ca.1873-76;rem.1953(CA)WA-SWC-064JohnS.ProctorHouse220South4thStreet10693-28501852(CA)WA-SWC-065316South4thStreetWA-SWC-066House10693-3050ca.1890(S)JohnJohnsonHouse404South4thStreet10693-46501878(CA)WA-SWC-067WA-SWC-068RoscoeF.andEva416South4thStreet10693-47001879-81HerseyHouse(NRHP)50 424South4thStreet10693-48001900,rem.WA-SWC-069House1956N/A502South4thStreet10694-2360Vacantlot(formersiteofFirstBaptistChurch,built1890-WA-SWC-07091)1953(CA)506South4thStreet10694-2100NewFirstBaptistChurchparsonageWA-SWC-071518South4thStreet1875(CA)Nicholas&MarisHeftiHouse10694-2050WA-SWC-0721961(CA)522South4thStreet10694-2000WashingtonCountyAbstractCompanyWA-SWC-0731884(CA)601South4thStreet10694-5050WA-SWC-074House604South4thStreet10694-54501890,rem.1962(CA)WA-SWC-075House1880(CA)607South4thStreet10694-5100WA-SWC-076House613South4thStreet10694-52001890,rem.1960(CA)WA-SWC-077House622South4thStreetvacantlot10694-5350WA-SWC-078none623South4thStreet10694-5300WA-SWC-0791880,moved1924?House(CA)118South5thStreetWA-SWC-080House9326-21001958(CA)51 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11580-2850?1882(CA)326-330South6thStreetWA-SWC-108House1876(CA)402South6thStreet11220-2250WA-SWC-109House1913(CA)407South6thStreet9028-2200House(Mrs.MaryD.Brownherein1930WA-SWC-1101965(CA)410South6thStreet11220-2300WA-SWC-111House1913(CA)411South6thStreet11220-2200WA-SWC-112House1893(CA)418South6thStreet11220-2350WA-SWC-113House11220-24001993(CA)424South6thStreetWA-SWC-114House1880(CA)428South6thStreet11220-2450WA-SWC-115House432South6thStreet11220-25001874(CA)WA-SWC-116House1872,rem.1975(CA)504South6thStreet9305-8380D.L.GroutHouse(SHAL)WA-SWC-1171890(CA)512South6thStreet9305-8400WA-SWC-118House1960(CA)513South6thStreet9305-8280WA-SWC-119House1971(CA)515South6thStreet9305-8310WA-SWC-120House1875(CA)522South6thStreet9305-8420,8440,8460,8480JohnS.ProctorHouseWA-SEC-121525South6thStreet1956(CA)9305-8300WA-SWC-122HousenorthendofSouthBroadwayStreet01694-3760WA-SWC-469statelotnone419SouthBroadwayStreet*ca.1870WA-SWC-003House322SouthBroadwayStreet(Chilikoot)*ca.1865WA-SWC-002House54 428SouthBroadwayStreet10692-4450post-1910-pre-1924St.Peter’sEvangelicalChurchin1924(S)WA-SWC-004(S)430SouthBroadwayStreet10692-44521870(CA)WA-SWC-005House435SouthBroadwayStreet10694-45001865-66MortimerWebsterHouse(NRHP)WA-SWC006(T.Harvey)1875(CA)asignsays“1858”437SouthBroadwayStreet10694-4450WA-SWC-007House1868(CA)438SouthBroadwayStreet10692-4500WA-SWC-008House441SouthBroadwayStreet10694-44001876(CA)WA-SWC-009House445SouthBroadwayStreet10694-43501875(CA)WA-SWC-010House502SouthBroadwayStreet*WA-SWC-011House507SouthBroadwayStreet10694-43001860(CA)(post-1870Ruger)WA-SWC-012HouseWA-SWC-013509SouthBroadwayStreet10694-42501870(CA)HouseWA-SWC-014510SouthBroadwayStreetHouse10694-31501922(CA)WA-SWC-015515SouthBroadwayStreetHouse10694-42001989(CA)WA-SWC-016House516SouthBroadwayStreet10694-32001914(ca)WA-SWC-017House521SouthBroadwayStreet10694-4150none55 522SouthBroadwayStreet1915(CA)10694-3250WA-SWC-018House527SouthBroadwayStreet*ca.1880WA-SWC-019House603SouthBroadwayStreet10694-3650,3700,40501870,rem.1957(CA)WA-SWC-020House604SouthBroadwayStreet10694-45501875,rem.WA-SWC-021House1954609SouthBroadwayStreet10694-3950,1876(CA)WA-SWC-022E.D.TaylorHouse4000DavidPrescottHouse(SHAL)610SouthBroadwayStreet10694-46001880,rem.1958(CA)1861,ca.WA-SWC-0231876(SHAL)615SouthBroadwayStreet10694-39001880,rem.1987(CA)WA-SWC-024House620SouthBroadwayStreet10694-46501870,rem.1930(CA)WA-SWC-025HouseWA-SWC-026JamesH.WilsonHouse623SouthBroadwayStreet10694-38501875,rem.1964(CA)651SouthBroadwayStreet*pre-1914WA-SWC-027LukeB.CastleHouseWA-SWC-028654SouthBroadwayStreet9305-87201880(CA)HouseWA-SWC-029HaroldP.andHenriettaBarclayHouse657SouthBroadwayStreet*ca.1880(RTR1988)WA-SWC-030House660SouthBroadwayStreet9305-87401875,rem.1962(CA)WA-SWC-031E.A.PhinneyHouse663SouthBroadway*ca.188556 670SouthBroadwayStreet9305-87601874,rem.1940(CA)WA-SWC-032House673SouthBroadwayStreet*WA-SWC-033HouseSouthBroadwayandEastWillard*TriangleParkWA-SWC-034none1885(CA)Johnsonwasherein1882-83(citydir.)119WestChestnutStreet10693-2650AlexanderandIdaJohnsonHouseWA-SWC-138120WestChestnutStreet10691-50301906AxelJohnsonHouseWA-SWC-139(CA);rem.19711908(CA)205WestChestnutStreet10693-2800Rep.HowardAlbertsonHouse;WA-SWC-1401915(RTR1972)208WestChestnutStreet10691-47601854(CA)WA-SWC-141Rev.HenryM.NicholsHouse(Presbyterianmanse)1857(RTR1972)220WestChestnutStreet10691-47901865(CA)JamesS.AndersonHouseWA-SWC-142ThomasLeckyHouse225WestChestnutStreet10693-27501888(CA)WA-SWC-143AugustArndtHouse323SouthHolcombeStreetWA-SWC-12311580-2900ca.1885WA-SWC-124405SouthHolcombeStreetHouse11220-28501963(CA)409SouthHolcombeStreetWA-SWC-125House11220-28001950(CA)57 11220-27501900(CA)417SouthHolcombeStreetWA-SWC-126House11220-2600;9028-20501959(CA)425SouthHolcombeStreetWA-SWC-127Houseca.1925519SouthHolcombeStreet*WA-SWC-128House1900(CA)10694-4300206EastLocustStreetHouseWA-SWC-179ca.1980(fieldob-servation)300EastLocustStreetWA-SWC-180HouseSEcomerofWestMyrtleandSouthSixthStreet6326-2552*StatelotWA-SWC-468none1876(CA)115WestMyrtleStreet10691-5060WA-SWC-129House10691-50901868(CA)117WestMyrtleStreetWA-SWC-130House1882(CA)123WestMyrtleStreet10691-5120WA-SWC-131House1967(CA)207WestMyrtleStreet10691-4730WA-SWC-132Apartments10691-48501931(CA)215WestMyrtleStreetCliffordC.BaughmanHouseWA-SWC-133221WestMyrtleStreet10691-48201906,rem.1948-54(CA)WA-SWC-134House9326-25501875(CA)301WestMyrtleStreetWA-SWC-135House315WestMyrtleStreet9326-24001878,rem.1980(CA)WA-SWC-136House58 1878(CA)321WestMyrtleStreet9326-2350HouseWA-SWC-13710693-3750;3800(onehouse,biglot)1872,rem.1985(CA)ca.1870topre-1884118WestOakStreetPhillip&PhilomenaPottsHouse(SHAL)WA-SWC-156(S)rem.1899afterfire210-240WestOakStreet*EvangelicalLutheranSalemChurch(nowapartments)WA-SWC-1571966(CA)110-116WestOliveStreet10693-2600WA-SWC-144Apartments1918(CA)117WestOliveStreet10693-3450,WA-SWC-145House3850post-1870(Ruger)201WestOliveStreet10693-2950;WA-SWC-146House300010693-32501880(CA)219WestOliveStreetHouseWA-SWC-147220WestOliveStreet10693-29001904,rem.1961(CA)JohnG.andJohannaNelsonHouse[StillwaterRestHomein1956(S)]WA-SWC-1481906(CA)303WestOliveStreet[hugeproperty,stretchingsouthalongS.5th11580-2350;2375;2400WA-SWC-149LouisManwaringHouse(Rollins)St.]1882(CA)(RTR1988)JohnA.O’BrienHouse(RivertownInn)(Peterson&Thilgen,p.19)306WestOliveStreet11580-2050WA-SWC-150315WestOliveStreetWA-SWC-151FrankStorkampHouse(SHAL)11580-25501875,rem.1983(CA)59 11580-21001882,rem.1982(CA)318WestOliveStreetAugustusBoorenHouse(SHAL)WA-SWC-1521922(CA)11580-2600321WestOliveStreetHouseWA-SWC-1531886(CA)322WestOliveStreet11580-2150WA-SWC-154House11580-2650ca.1880s411WestOliveStreetWA-SWC-155House1870(CA)109EastPineStreet10694-2900WA-SWC-158House110EastPine10693-4260,4320,4400,4450,4500,4550,4600(includesboth110EastandWestPine)Westwing:1922-23;1938,etc.(RTR1987)schoolbuildingWA-SWC-159113EastPineStreet10694-25001870,rem.1984(CA)WA-SWC-160House1880(CA)119EastPineStreet10694-2450WA-SWC-161House123EastPineStreet10694-2400pre-1884RudolphandW.R.LehmickeHouseWA-SWC-162101WestPineStreet10694-23701867-70(Dunn1962)WashingtonCountyCourthouse(NRHP)WA-SWC-466parkinglot110WestPineStreet*WA-SWC-163none215WestPineStreet1892(CA)House(sitein1870ofSecondPresbyterianChurch)10694-2150WA-SWC-164223WestPineStreetWA-SWC-165JohnWhitesideHouse(SHAL)10694-22501880,rem.1951(CA);1871(Lutz)60 313WestPineStreet9305-81401953(CA)WA-SWC-166House319WestPineStreetE.L.Hersey-JacobBeanHouse9305-82601879WA-SWC-1671882(CA)GeorgeAtwoodHouse320WestPineStreet11220-2150WA-SWC-168411WestPineStreet9305-83601913(CA)WA-SWC-169House1922(CA)415WestPineStreet9305-8640WA-SWC-170House416WestPineStreetGarage/Houseca.1950sWA-SWC-171421WestPineStreet9305-86001918,rem.1976(CA)WA-SWC-172House422WestPineStreetJamesS.O’BrienHouse(RTR1988says“1882,1928-29fireinrear”)11220-2550ca.1888-WA-SWC-1731892426WestPineStreet9028-20001951(CA)WA-SWC-174House429WestPineStreetWA-SWC-175House9305-8580ca.1875JamesandRoseSpencerHouse205EastWalnutStreet10694-4750WA-SWC-1761872?;1865(Rollins)WA-SWC-177206EastWalnutStreet*HouseWA-SWC-178House210EastWalnutStreet*ca.1892-1893218EastWillardStreetWA-SWC-181212WestWillardStreetWA-SWC-182House10694-54001872,rem.1980(CA)WA-SWC-183216WestWillardStreetHouse10694-57501880(CA)61 1873(CA)GeorgeRippmanHouse(SHAL)222WestWillardStreet10694-5650WA-SWC-1841878(SHAL)1959(CA)316WestWillardStreet9305-8340WA-SWC-185House322WestWillardStreet1959(CA)9305-8240WA-SWC-186House418WestWillardStreet(deeplottonorth),[combinewithbelow]?9305-8500;8520WA-SWC-187House510WestWillardStreet9305-85401885,rem.1984(CA)WA-SWC-188House62 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