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HomeMy WebLinkAboutChurchill Nelson and Slaughter-UpdatedHancock Street South Holcombe Street A History of the. Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Residential Area Stillwater, Minnesota by Donald Ennpson Funded in part by a grant from the National Park Service Administered by the Minnesota Historical Society And The Heritage .Preservation. Commission of the City of Stillwater Sixth Avenue South Willard Street Members of the Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission Diane Hark Brent Peterson Jeff Johnson Phil Eastwood Howard Lieberman (Chair) Roger Tomten Patte Kraske Cover: The Queen Anne style house at 719 South Third Street was built in 1888 on behalf of John and Kate Glaspie. The contractor was Thomas Sutherland; the cost was $5,000. THE CHURCHILL, NELSON Se SLAUGHTER ADDITION RESIDENTIAL AREA OF STILLWATER, MINNESOTA Researched and written by: Donald Empson Kathleen Vadnais Empson Archives P.O. Box 791 Stillwater, MN 55082 2003 Based in part on research funded by the National Park Service, The Minnesota Historical Society, and the City of Stillwater Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION FUND SUPPORT AND NONDISCRIMINATION POLICY This project has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of Interior, through the Minnesota Historical Society under provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act as amended. However the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or handicap in its federally assisted program. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240. Some of the material in this book was prepared with money from the National Park Service, the Minnesota Historical Society, and the City of Stillwater. That information is in the public domain. I have, however, added (at my own expense) quite a bit of information exclusively related to this book. That additional information is © Donald Empson, 2003 2 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Table of Contents Preface Page 5 The Third Street Hill Page 7 The Fever Page 11 The Crash Page 14 A Marriage Page 17 Reminiscences Page 20 The Final Chapter Page 23 The First Six House Page 25 Churchill Street Page 26 South Sixth Avenue Page 35 South First Street Page 37 South Second Street Page 44 South Third Street Page 52 South Fourth Street Page 62 South Fifth Street Page 72 South Sixth Street Page 75 South Seventh Street Page 80 Hancock Street Page 83 South Holcombe Street Page 83 Willard Street Page 84 Appendix A (Building Dates) Page 86 Appendix B (Building Dates) Page 91 Appendix C (1894 City Directory) Page 96 Appendix D (1930-31 City Directory Page 111 Appendix E (1956 City Directory) Page 115 Bibliography Page 119 Recommendations Page 121 Index Page 123 Donald Empson Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition First we research small patches of Stillwater in detail. Then we step out of the archives onto the streets to put it all together. That's when we meet folks with local roots who can tell us about the people we've known only through the old records. Those who actually lived among the cows, chickens, and horse carts. Those who were part of the noisy industrial riverfront. Those who cleared the forests. Those who shoveled the dirt to make roads over the ravines. Those who swung the hammers in the early boom town days. After completing our contract, by filling in the appropriate spaces and submitting the mandatory survey forms in triplicate, we color outside the lines. Not everyone considers it "fun" chatting with someone about their grandpa's life as a mill hand, or finding just the right picture, or shining a flashlight on an 1870's limestone cellar, or... But since 1996, when we began this series, we have beendrawn to those recollections that help bring out the shades of what came before us. This penchant for rambling and writing is the basis for both an accurate and colorful study of a Nineteenth Century city. Kathleen Vadnais 4 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Preface This two-year project will be the last of the six neighborhood surveys and books we have done in the city of Stillwater. Although there are several more neighborhoods that could be researched, recent state budget cuts have limited the Stillwater city budget. This, in addition to the animosity of two Stillwater city council men, resulted in the City Council declining a grant from the Minnesota Historical Society that would have helped fund a seventh survey/history.' In fact, in July 2002, one Stillwater city council man expressed his opinion that our survey/histories were "a compilation of meaningless facts." 2 On the other hand, members of the Stillwater Heritage Preservation (our bosses) have been extremely supportive and encouraging of our efforts, as has Sue Fitzgerald, the city staff person in charge of these histories. Taking the next step of writing books, after completing the required research, has been our attempt to demonstrate that very local history can be interesting and readable — at least to those with a sense of curiosity. When the historian writes of national, or even regional events, there are other books, diaries, newspaper accounts, memoirs; a host of original research materials. But when the historian writes a neighborhood history, the original sources are sparse indeed, and colorful details can be hard to come by. The amount of work is often disproportionate to the result, and the remuneration is minimal because the potential readership is small. We are grateful to have had this opportunity. We hope the reader will concur we have succeeded in our goal of making these histories readable and interesting; that we have peopled the streets of your neighborhood with figures and names resurrected from the past. We like to think our books are a considerable asset to Stillwater — if not today, then in the future. We hope today's readers and tomorrow's future researchers will agree. "...that once, on, this earth, once, on this familiar spot of ground, walked other men and women, as actual as we are to -day, thinking their own thoughts, swayed by their own passions, but now all gone, one generation vanishing after another, gone as utterly as we ourselves shall shortly be gone...This is the most familiar and certain fact about life." George Macaulay Trevelyan: An Autobiography ' Stillwater City Council Minutes, May 20, 2003. See also the Stillwater City Council Minutes for November 12, 2002 and December 3, 2002, January 20, 2004. t. 2 Councilman John Rheinberger, Stillwater City Council Minutes, July 2, 2002 5 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The names of the people in this history are those who used to populate your neighborhood. They had children and spouses, heartache and sorrows, as well as moments of joy — just like you. They worried about their jobs, repaired their houses, grew older and had health problems — just like you. They lived in your houses, visited over your back fences, traded garden produce, and sometimes had spats. In short, they lived in your place then — just as you live in your place today. Will you and your family be remembered in the future, or will your names be as forgotten as most of these names are? Donald L. Empson Kathleen M. Vadnais "Walk on any street, pause at any door — the night is filled with the tangibles of those who, once a part of these streets, remain eternally in the darkness, the habitants of dusk and night kept alive in the voices and hearts of those who came after." August Derleth in Walden West, 1961 6 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition THE THIRD STREET HILL Asmall news item appeared in the Stillwater Republican newspaper on November 2, 1869: Closing the Gap "The Third street grade is rapidly approaching completion. The gap between the two sides of the fill is steadily being closed, and a week or two of the kind of weather we have been having during the past few days will enable the workmen to complete the job. Gov. [Mayor] Holcombe promises, however, if the weather does not permit finishing the work, that he will cause a temporary bridge to be made, spanning the gap, for the convenience of the scholars this winter, who reside in the northern portion of the city." The South Third Street hill between Chestnut and Willard Streets was a massive public works project that included the filling of a major ravine and grading down through the bluff. For most of the 1850's and 1860's, the city fathers had planned and schemed to find the wherewithal to breach the bluff. In 1867, construction began on the new Washington County Courthouse at the top of the hill, and plans were laid for a new Central High School — the largest in Stillwater — diagonally across from the new Courthouse. Opening a street between the hilltop and downtown became imperative. Previous to 1870, the South Hill, or Nelson's Field3 as it was then known, was accessible only by the Main Street steps rising to South Broadway, or by a winding path snaking down a ravine (named Nelson's Hollow)4 which spilled east into Nelson Street and Nelson's Alley.5 By 1870, the men most involved in the development of what we know today as the South Hill were already in their graves. Socrates Nelson was born in Conway, (Franklin County) Massachusetts, January 11, 1814. As a young man, he attended Deerfield Academy before becoming a merchant in Conway. At the age of 25, he wandered west to Illinois prospecting and buying furs. By 1840, he was in the rapidly growing city of St. Louis, Missouri, where he met his future business partner, Levi Churchill. Four years later, Nelson married Bertha [Betsey] Bartlett, a widow from Conway who had come to Illinois after the death of her husband. After his marriage in 1844, Nelson took his wife and some mercantile goods upon a steamboat north on the Mississippi River to the northwestern frontier: a St. Croix River landing with a newly erected sawmill. There, at a place called Stillwater, he built himself a house and store near what today would be approximately the intersection of Nelson Street and South Main Street in downtown Stillwater, Minnesota.6 Socrates Nelson's St. Louis partner, Levi Churchill, was also a Yankee, born on September 16, 1813, in Woodstock, Windsor County, Vermont. He married Elizabeth Marion Proctor on October 2, 1844, in Proctorsville, Vermont. They must have moved to St. Louis shortly after the wedding.? In the outpost settlement of Stillwater, Socrates Nelson (Nelson's Warehouse) collected furs, and sold merchandise. The furs were shipped downriver to St. Louis where Levi Churchill sold them and used the money ' Michael Kinsella obituary in the Stillwater Gazette, December 25, 1878. His store at Willard and Fifth Streets was in "what is known as Nelson's Field" 4 The Stillwater Republican, July 21, 1868 5 Emma Glasser, "How Stillwater Came to Be," in Minnesota History 24:195-206 (September, 1943) 6 Fifty Years in the Northwest by W.H.C. Folsom, Pioneer Press Company, 1888, Page 59-59; History of Washington County, North Star Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 1881. Page 590. There seems to be some question about the opinion that he was at Nelson's Landing on the Mississippi River. ' This information comes from two Internet genealogy sites: LDS Family Search and www.ancestry.com 7 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition to buy merchandise to ship back upriver to Nelson. Socrates also acted as a "transfer agent" on the Stillwater levee, receiving packages and other goods headed inland or further up river and arranging to forward them to their ultimate destination. However, it became obvious to the residents of this frontier Territory that the future lay not in furs and trading, but in land and town sites. As one of the first residents of the location, Socrates and Betsey Nelson, joined with their St. Louis partners, Levi and Elizabeth Churchill, to split the waterfront land of Stillwater with two other pioneer settlers. Joseph R. Brown took the northern part of the waterfront, between what would be today the site of the old Territorial Prison and Brown's Creek. John McKusick bought out his sawmill partners, and claimed the area between the old prison site and what is today Nelson's Alley. Nelson and Churchill's claim extended one-half mile south of Nelson's Alley. All three claims extended three-quarters of a mile west from the river. As one local historian put it: "In1845, a verbal agreement was made with regard to land claims, by which [Joseph R.] Brown's claim was recognized as extending along the lake shore north of Battle Hollow, where the Minnesota state prison now stands. South of Battle Hollow, along the lake shore to Nelson, extending three -fourths of a mile west, was the claim of the mill company, originally held by Fisher. [This claim was purchased by John McKusick.] South of Nelson's alley, one-half mile down the lake, three -fourths of a mile west, was S. Nelson's claim."8 Their original claim, supplemented by subsequent purchases, made Socrates and Betsey Nelson, and Levi and Elizabeth Churchill, owners of much of what is today known as the South Hill. One of the first purchases Churchill and Nelson made at the new land office when it opened in St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin, in 1849 was the NE 1/ of Section 33, 160 acres between what is today W. Orleans and W. Willard Streets; between S. Holcombe Street and Sixth Avenue S.9 Churchill was apparently the partner with more experience in land speculation; in 1845, he was one of several developers of the town of Fillmore in Andrew County, Missouri.10 But land was not the exclusive focus of Churchill and Nelson. Socrates Nelson was involved in a number of commercial ventures in the fledging city of Stillwater. He was the first merchant: trading in furs, hardware, household goods, and lumber. He was a developer of Baytown Township, and along with others, built a steam sawmill on the riverfront of what is today Bayport. He was active in public life, serving as Territorial Auditor from 1853 to 1857, and as a state senator. Of his personal nature, one historian characterized him as being " of a free and generous disposition in all his relations of life." 11 s Fifty Years in the Northwest by W.H.C. Folsom, Pioneer Press Company, 1888. Pages 40-41. ' Land certificates #30, 31; 2 Deeds 612, 613. 10 The Missouri Historical Review, Volume X, April 1916, Number 3. Page 197 Fifty Years in the Northwest by W.H.C. Folsom, Pioneer Press Company, 1888. Pages 58-59. 9 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition pans sueaiz0 'M NE 1/ of Section 33 T30N,R20W S. Holcombe Street loons }IaoaueH •M History Area 40 Acres S. Fourth Street History Area Sixth Avenue S. Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 133a:S PIBIIIM 'M 10 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition THE FEVER On the western frontier of the United States, the 1850's were boom years, and optimism was at an all- time peak. The eastern part of Minnesota, and its cities, including Stillwater, were growing rapidly, and the one thing every newcomer needed was land: land to farm, land to live on, land for commercial enterprise. The businessmen of Stillwater were well aware of this demand, and many of them bought tracts of land to develop into building lots. Stillwater began with a sawmill in 1844. Five years later, when Minnesota became a Territory, the population was estimated at 609.12 A year later the population had jumped to 1,052. Most of the residents lived in what is the downtown area today. But boom times lay ahead. Thousands of immigrants were pouring into the Territory, and the price of land was rising rapidly. Through the early 1850's, the price of land doubled, and doubled again. The fever of land speculation struck the Territory. With the continuing influx of newcomers, all of whom needed a place to live, how could the price of land not continue to rise — or so the speculator reasoned. By 1854, the speculation in land prices was just beginning in earnest, peaking in the year 1857, when it is estimated that in Minnesota, at least 700 towns were platted into more than 300,000 building lots — enough for 1,500,000 people.13 Stillwater did not escape the speculation fever. The St. Croix Union newspaper was delighted to point out that: "About two years ago, Hersey, Staples & Co. gave $600 for a lot [which] last week sold for $3000 to Mr. Dodge...We add that when Hersey Staples & Co. made the aforesaid purchase, many thought they had given a very high price...but time will proue that the lot will increase as rapidly in value, in the next two years, as it has done in the two just passed. Mr. Dodge has already been offered $500 advance on what he gave. Our faith in Stillwater is unbounded."14 On another occasion, the editor struck back at any who might doubt the future. "Less than two years ago they sneered at Stillwater's being anything outside the Basin, or Original Limits [of downtown]. We well recollect that we were laughed at, by some, for pitching our tent out in Holcombe's Addition —it being then a wild unbroken wilderness. But what are now the facts? There are over 100 houses out there now —some of them first class —and about 600 inhabitants. Lots which, when we located there [two years ago] could be had for $25 cannot now be purchased for less than a hundred dollars —and they are constantly rising. Lots...have been enhanced in value four -fold within the past two years, and the way we read the signs of the times, they lack much of having reached their maximum.15 '2Theodore C. Blegen. Minnesota A History of the State. U. of Minnesota Press. 1963. Page 159. "William Watts Folwell. A History of Minnesota. St. Paul, The Minnesota Historical Society, 1956. Vol. 1, page 362. 14 St. Croix Union, August 6, 1856. 15 St. Croix Union, December 5, 1856. 11 0.9 ; •A •X ‘7?, 7', I n 751 ?,\ eh ,.'11 kes. h, • `,•15 . . • ‘0 +1 tf...iell : ii, ,........ . 7 4 ri• '5O)...5,5,,,T.:i, * '*,.. 1/441" tkl tc"I';.•,' iii ' i4.5714i,.• , ..,,' • .;... 1.1.:•'.?........, 5Y 5* OA *, 4 N. 0,5, 4. ••C :of •:6,5 t 0 ,•,5'n. • ''-, ; ' . . .1.. i.' .!•!' .114 Z 5,1 '•ks •;' ( : 45 ,, , ,b, AV.... ,,,,,7•';,/,' ,,. 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'ill ,c•,,: '..:',1-. • . i':: 1 • I i -L. 0* 09 ' -.Ij. • :12 - ,•.. , • ri O 41 al 5 Q 4.▪ ) • 0 a) O ▪ • 0 • • r••4 +) ;it 0CA '4\1 O w C) (+4 rti• ml • eD 4.▪ 9 4' 00 5-4 4 -0 cl) O ;14 • -p ,42 t; 4▪ .; 08 $0 O rL1 ci) CI) Z 8 • 40 4 0 • -• • -075 e4-4 g 0 icz is 40 7s4 a w zi• m ••••I *14) 5.4 0 O 14 ;II cu ^0 4 1, 0 <4 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition MORE ADDITIONS Anticipating quick profits in the land, Stillwater entrepreneurs did what others throughout the settled portions of Minnesota Territory were doing: they platted more Additions. The trick was, they reasoned, to buy the land by the acre and sell it by the foot. "STILLWATER FOREVER Another Addition to Stillwater Additions to Stillwater are all the rage now. Within a few days past, Jacob Maerty has sold to Joshua B. Carter and Gov. Ramsey, 140 acres of land lying west of Stillwater and adjoining Holcombe's Addition, for $7000. It is soon to be surveyed into town lots. We rejoice to see this movement. There are now three heavy St. Paul capitalists and speculators deeply interested in Stillwater; viz.• R. F. Slaughter, Col. H M'Kenty, and Gov. Ramsey. We are glad to know that St. Paul speculators are vitally interested here, because it argues that they now see what we saw nearly three years ago; that is, that Stillwater is destined inevitably to be a great place. They now see that Stillwater is not a 'one-horse town, chucked down among the hills in the sand.' They now see that Stillwater has unrivaled advantages —that she has much capital —that a Rail -Road is to come here probably before one runs to St. Paul, and that Stillwater is rapidly advancing in all that contributes to material prosperity and greatness.'" HURRAH FOR STILLWATER" In January of 1857, just as the land speculation was reaching its height, Churchill and Nelson began to act. On January 12, they deeded an undivided one-half of the NE % of Section 33 (40 acres) to Robert F. Slaughter of St. Paul for $5,000.17 Slaughter, who was involved in several other Additions in Stillwater, was a consummate real estate salesman; his specialty was selling local lots to out-of-state speculators.18 The following May, Slaughter sold one-half of his portion to Hilary B. Hancock of the town of Minneapolis. Hilary was the twin brother of General Winfield Scott Hancock; both brothers were graduates of West Point. Hilary moved to Minneapolis in 1856; he was an attorney for the Minneapolis Mill Company from 1858-1872, followed by a private law practice.19 Hancock paid $2,500 for his 20 acres.20 On June 15, 1857, the four men and their wives: Levi and Elizabeth Churchill, Socrates and Betsey Nelson, Robert and Nancy Slaughter, and Hilary B. Hancock platted Churchill, Nelson, & Slaughter's Addition to Stillwater. But their timing was very bad. As late as February, 1857, the future looked bright:21 16St. Croix Union, December 12, 1856. " H Deeds 75 18 There is more on Slaughter in this author's book: A History of the Greeley Residential Area. Slaughter may have lived in Stillwater for a while; there were a couple of liens filed against him for houses he built. 19 Biography Index, Minnesota Historic Society 20 H Deeds 422 21 A Plats 129 13 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition "Real Estate and Business in Stillwater The price of land in our city and vicinity has advanced with astonishing rapidity during the last two years, and from present appearances we shall see still greater improvements in the future. During the week past Mr. H. R. Murdock purchased ten acres of land adjoining Cooper's Addition, from Mr. Slaughter, for $100 per acre. Two years ago this same land was sold for five dollars per acre. Three thousand seven hundred dollars have been recently offered by Mr. Gorgas, the banker, for a lot on Main street, corner of Chestnut-25 -feet front and 80 -feet deep —and refused. The owners —the Messrs. Murdock, Druggists —intend to build a splendid stone building on, it in the spring. This is at the rate of about $150 a front -foot, and be it remembered that the whole lot, of which this is only a part, a little over a year ago, sold for $10 a front -foot. This, to say the least, is a very fair advance. There are yet many splendid investments and fortunes to be made in this city —which is, as yet, in its infancy —and every day presents new evidences of its future greatness...On every side preparations are being made for the erection of capacious ware houses; substantial —and in some instances —fine private dwellings, and every thing promises a season of unprecedented prosperity. "22 The four partners must have had visions of sugar plums dancing in their heads. With close to 500 lots for sale in this Addition alone, their future seemed assured. THE CRASH n the 24th of August, 1857, the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company of New York failed; its kl creditors were forced to default, and a calamitous chain of events spread across the United States. Within two months, almost everybody in Minnesota was in debt; the Minnesota Territory was literally emptied of cash. City lots became virtually worthless. Those who were formerly wealthy found themselves bankrupt. Stillwater boosters were in despair, and the city was never to fully recover its boundless optimism after this Depression of 1857. Writing of St. Paul, Thomas Newson described what was also true of Stillwater: "And then came the terribly hard times. With no money, no values, no property, no business, little or no emigration, no banks, or banks with empty vaults, no courage, no hope, notes due, mortgages foreclosed, men heavily in debt, land depreciated from fifty to seventy-five per cent, no trade, indeed with nothing to trade, no foundation to build on, no one can imagine the frightful condition of affairs in St. Paul in the latter part of the year 1857 but he who passed through it all... "23 The Stillwater Democrat, on January 1, 1859, editorialized: "A Happy New Year to our Friends and Patrons. Eighteen hundred and fifty eight, with its panics and monetary convulsions, its depression of trade and depreciation in value of all and 22 St. Croix Union, February 13, 1857. 23 T.M. Newson. Pen Pictures of St. Paul, Minnesota and Biographical Sketches of Old Settlers. By the Author, St. Paul, 1886. Page 698. 14 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition every kind of purchaseable and ponderable goods and estates, has, thank goodness, departed for ever..." The population of Stillwater had declined, and all plans for the future were put on hold. A couple of the local banks, not being able to obtain cash, printed their own bank notes, and Washington County was forced to issue its own scrip payable against tax dollars that were difficult, if not impossible, to collect. In 1857, before the crash, Churchill & Nelson managed to sell only a couple of lots in Block 10 of Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition. But as the economy collapsed, and the real estate market withered, Nelson, as the partner residing in Stillwater, realized the sale of his lots would ultimately depend upon better access to the top of the South Hill. To promote his property, Nelson did what many other land developers and speculators did in the Nineteenth (and Twentieth) Centuries: they donated some of their lots for a public development, in this case, they donated a whole block for the building of a new Washington County Courthouse on Pine and South Third Streets. This was not an act of altruistic generosity on the part of the partners; they knew the building of a Courthouse would make their own lots surrounding the courthouse much more valuable. Not only would the sale of their lots benefit from businesses and workers wishing to live near the Courthouse; the developers would also benefit because the city would finally be forced to provide easy and quick access up the bluff to the Courthouse. As Churchill and Nelson anticipated, the building of the new Courthouse became the impetus for other development. A new, large, and very grand public school, Central High School, was constructed diagonally accross from the Courthouse. Across South Third Street, Father Michael Murphy paid the astronomical sum of $4,000 in 1871 for three of the best lots (and a house) in the city on which he built the new St. Michael's Church. With the building of the Courthouse and other institutions nearby, and the opening of the Third Street hill, the lots in Churchill, Nelson and Slaughter's Addition began to sell, houses were built, and the neighborhood began to take shape. But the two men most responsible for these changes were both dead. Levi Churchill had died at the young age of 44 in St. Louis, Missouri, on Christmas Eve, 1857. His very brief obituary — the disadvantage of dying on a holiday, no doubt — read: "DIED —Of consumption, on Thursday evening, the 24th inst., Levi Churchill, aged 44 years. The funeral will take place from the Church of the Messiah, corner of Olive and Ninth streets, on Sunday at 2 o'clock, P.M. Vermont papers please copy."24 He had left his entire estate to his wife, Elizabeth M. Churchill. Elizabeth, in turn, assigned responsibility for the affairs of the Stillwater partnership to her brother, John Proctor, an attorney and a well-known Stillwater resident.25 Socrates Nelson had died on May 6, 1867 at the age of 53. His heirs were his wife, Betsey, and his one surviving daughter, Emma A. Nelson. Socrates left an estate of considerable value. His household goods were appraised at $448 including a very expensive $50 double-barreled shotgun. (By contrast, his four featherbeds were only valued at $30, and a walnut dining table was valued at $3.). His Main Street store inventory was valued at $9770. His accounts payable were valued at $13,416. giving him total assets in personal property of $23,303. In addition to this, his real estate, consisting of lots in Stillwater and Baytown, were appraised at $63,990. The total value of his estate was close to $100,000, a great deal of money when the average wage was $2 a day, and you could buy a modest house for $500.26 His business affairs were to be continued by Betsey and a local businessman and surveyor, Harvey Wilson. The other two partners: Robert Slaughter and Hilary B. Hancock, discouraged no doubt by the panic of 1857, had sold their lots to Churchill & Nelson in August of 1857 for $5,000.27 I believe Slaughter moved to St. 24 Missouri Republican, December 27, 1857. 25 Will #5 1, Washington County Probate Court. On June 21, 1858, Elizabeth Churchill gave the first of many Powers of Attorney to act for her. D Bonds 34 26 Will # 155, Washington County Probate Court 27 I Deeds 302. 15 Churchill, Nelson &magtiAddition 16 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Peter, Minnesota; Hancock died in Minneapolis in 1908 at the age of 84. His obituary said: "Hilary Hancock was one of the finest characters who ever lived in Minneapolis. His was a fine legal mind and few men were more conscientious and thorough than he in everything he undertook." 28 A MARRIAGE On September 26, 1871, the business of Churchill and Nelson took another turn. Emma, the heir and only surviving daughter of Socrates Nelson, married a 28-year-old dapper and promising Stillwater attorney, Fayette Marsh. One of the first orders of business was to build a splendid new house for the family. The house at 516 S. Broadway, which cost around $15,000, was a resplendent vision of brackets, bays, and porches, all in a more or less fashionable French Second Empire Style. In November of 1880, Emma Nelson Marsh died leaving three children. In her will, we find that the $100,000 estate left by her father some 13 years earlier has been reduced by one-third. Emma's personal assets included bank stock, promissory notes and cash worth $9,131. The value of her real estate was reckoned at $57,275, which included the value of the South Broadway house at $13,000. From her personal estate, her husband, Fayette, was to receive $3,043.23; each of the three children, Ella N. Marsh, Nelson Orris Marsh, and Faith Marsh, were to receive $2,029.23. Fayette was the administrator of the will, and it was his task to continue managing the real estate interests of the estate. However, there were apparently some differences of opinion over the administration of the real estate between Fayette and his mother-in-law, Betsey Nelson, Socrates' widow. In a five -page memorandum between the two heirs of Socrates, which reads, in part, "...certain differences have arisen between [Fayette] and Betsey D. Nelson respecting the rights and interest in...the residue of the estate of Socrates Nelson, deceased which...consists principally in certain real estate situated in the city of Stillwater..." Fayette agreed to pay Betsey a monthly allowance from the proceeds of the real estate. As an indication of the amounts concerned, there is a note in the will that the rents received from the properties between November 23, 1880, and November 1, 1882 were $4,270.29 But Betsey Nelson was apparently not the only one Fayette Marsh had difficulty with. The beleaguered son-in-law, who had an unfortunate and ultimately fatal addiction to alcohol, was apparently accused of living off, or at least using, his wife and mother-in-law's money for his own extravagant purposes. In a letter of justification to his children, accompanying an account book, he wrote: "The account which is set forth just above is as you perceive the account from the time we finished building the House [516 S. Broadway] up to the time of your Mother's Death. The history of that period is this. In order to explain the account from 1873-4 when we finally closed up House building until 1876 Mrs. Nelson continued the business of the Churchill & Nelson Estate. Your mother's [Emma Nelson Marsh] property was our half of that estate. And you will find that I have charged to myself all that which I received from him during that period, even when it was delivered directly to your Grand Mother. This lasted until the Fall of 1876 at which time Harvey Wilson [a trustee under Socrates Nelson's will] died. Then for about one year or perhaps a little more Mr. John Proctor, the brother of Mrs. Churchill, who was the owner of the other half of the estate ran the business; and I have charged myself with all of the cash which I obtained from him. There was no other source from which I received any belonging to your Mother during that period, so I charged it all to myself. During that period also --the fall of 1876--your Grand Mother [Betsey Nelson] resided with me and I paid the entire expenses of my family and of your Grand Mother except for as far as she purchased clothing or expended money which was drawn from Mr. Wilson 28 Minneapolis Journal, February 26, 1908, pages 1 & 9. 29 Will of Emma Nelson Marsh, #535 in Washington County Probate Court. 17 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition which money you will find charged to me in the accounts set forth. But the money turned over to her for her especial use was also credited back to her in the same account so that made it stand in this way: From the time we quit building the House up to 1876I supported your Grand Mother except as to her spending money and some money which she used for the purchase of clothing that she received from Mr. Wilson through me as indicated in the account. This continued to be the case during the administration of the estate by Mr. Proctor which lasted until sometime in 1877. Except that he so miserably managed the affairs of the estate that but little money was received which might be disbursed. You will observe by this account contained in the old Wilson Book, which will be presented for you, that he must have lost most of the rents and indeed made a very lame attempt at running the business of the Estate. It was the actual desire of both parties that the Estate should then be divided: It was done so in a very satisfactory way I believe to both of them.'3° "Now at the division of the estate a certain lot of notes were turned over to me as the agent of your mother; a part of them never were collected; all of those that were collected you will find in the list charged to my account on page 14 of this Book. Three of the notes were not collected and you will find them charged to my account. At the time of the division of the estate there was no property except certain bank stock in the Lumbermans National Bank and in the First National Bank of Stillwater, these certain promissory notes and the real estate. The real estate of which I speak was conveyed to her by Deed. You will find these deeds recorded in the office of the Register of Deeds at the Court House. [3 Deeds 116] There were three of these deeds. The deeds that were so recorded described all of the real estate that was conveyed to your mother at that time. I enclose in this book and attach to it maps showing where that real estate was situated. The colored pieces on the maps indicate the estates which were conveyed to your mother at that time. It contained a complete description of all that was conveyed to her; nothing has been omitted. In order to show you that I account for every piece of Real Estate sold I have jotted down upon these maps on each lot the number of the item and the pages where you will find that I have been charged with it. This is so that you may be perfectly convinced that I have accounted for every foot of real estate which was deeded to your mother or of which she was the lawful owner. When I do that and account for the promissory notes received and for the cash received from Mr. Proctor and Mr. Wilson I have absolutely accounted for every dollars worth of property of hers that I ever touched or handled. "There was also certain other real estate which was nominally or apparently conveyed to your Mother. The deed of that has never been recorded. The reason for that was this: Before the division of the partnership property there was quite a number of lots conveyed by way of Bond for Deed [similar to our Contract for Deed] and notes given therefore. In many instances the taxes were not paid upon it, therefore the deed of that could not be recorded. These notes given for them are the same notes which I have charged myself twice because they were already sold and a bond given for a deed so that the real estate really was not ours. The bond only giving us a lien or title to the property until the notes were paid. When the notes were paid the property became theirs. Therefore I ought only to charge myself with the notes." [Many of the lots in this addition were not conveyed with a Warranty Deed to the new owners until several years after the owners had built a home on the lot. What Fayette refers to above is an intermediate (unrecorded) instrument he called a Bond for Deed, much like our current Contract for Deed. It was used to convey the property until a later Warranty Deed was issued by Churchill or Nelson.] "If you are not satisfied upon this point show this paragraph to any real estate Lawyer or any competent Lawyer and he will tell you that I am stating just what the legal rights of the case are and that I should so charge myself just as I have done and in no other way. And you will discuss by the examination of this account and the books of Harvey Wilson and the maps which are 3° Previous to 1877, the deeds in Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition were signed by all parties: John Proctor (for Elizabeth Churchill), Betsey Nelson, Emma and Fayette Marsh. When the estate was divided, certain lots were deeded to Churchill, and certain lots were deeded to Nelson's heirs. 18 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition attached to this Book and the deeds which are upon record at the Court House recorded in the year 1877, about the month of May, that I have accounted for every note and every dollar in money that I ever received of your mother's and every piece of real estate that I ever sold of hers up to and including the year 1880, the account closing on the 23rd day of November 1880, the day your mother died. "Let me state the proposition broadly to you that from the time that I married your mother in 1871 to the 23rd day of November, 1880, I furnished the entire support of my family without the use of a Dollar of your mother's money. That such money of hers as I did receive was expended as you see by the account for her benefit and in the protection of her property and in the building of valuable Buildings upon her estate. "When I came to take charge of the Estate and the division was made there was only one building upon the property save and except our Homestead. There was no property that would pay an income as you perceive except this building known as the old Willard Building which was standing at the time that I write this explanation. That was rented for five hundred Dollars per year. The taxes on the property, it being all outlying lots, was above Twelve Hundred Dollars per year. You can see that instead of being a help to us it was a positive nuisance and burden. Yet notwithstanding this truth all of those years I necessarily had to bear the humiliation and reproach of the current belief in society, reiterated upon every possible opportunity by the friends of Mrs. Nelson that I was being supported out of the property belonging to your mother. Your mother understood it correctly and used every possible endeavor she could to correct such a misapprehension and in all respects in reference to it behaved toward me like a noble woman which she was. In her there was no fault either in reference to that or anything else. This will close up the account to 1880 at the time of her death. The next two years the account was filed with the Probate Court. It consisted in the collection of various notes which we had at that time and in the sale of some certain real estate. I will indicate upon the map what the Real Estate was. The account will only be the account just as I filed it in the Probate Court at that time and nothing more. From that time forward I will continue the account so as to show that I have accounted for every piece of property, money or any other thing had or owned by your mother. " As I have above stated I found the property was outlying and producing no income in my judgement and I now believe it was the best business judgement in order to secure an income for my wife and children in case of my death and I thought that this outlying property ought to be sold and converted into money and buildings built upon that portion of the estate lying upon Main Street in the city of Stillwater where it would bring a good rent. As you see by the accounts I have accomplished for that purpose the buildings are built: and if you notice the larger rents with which my account has been charged since that date you will perceive that it was a good business judgement. "This property will be turned over to you in your due proportions when you arrive at Lawful age, and upon my Death by the terms of my will. You will inherit every Dollars worth of it, every dollars worth of property of which your mother died possessed together with much other property and life insurance which I shall be able to confer upon you. I do this with only the desire of accounting to you for all of your mother's estate. I shall neither permit my wife [he had remarried] or anyone else to inherit a dollars worth of the property that belonged to your mother. After the close of the account which I shall add and which is filed in the Probate Court I will go on with the receipts and disbursements from that date until the present, and from time to time while I live I shall keep up this account. And I say here, that in case I shall live, after I complete one more building up on that property I shall feel that I have made sacrifices enough in the labor I have 19 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition bestowed upon it and shall feel at liberty to use the income in excess for what I have done with the money. "31 Apart from the difficulties with his in-laws, Fayette Marsh did not appear to be a popular figure in Stillwater. The occasional newspaper mention was generally not favorable: Taken to the City Hospital Last evening about six o'clock Chief Glennon took Fayette Marsh out to the city hospital. Mr. Marsh has been, drinking very heavily during the past few weeks and is in a deplorable condition. He will be treated at the hospital and if he does not improve he hay be sent to the Rochester asylum. P.S. Marsh didn't remain at the hospital, but came down, town this morning. He says he is going to Pine City.32 This is the way that Marsh talked to a Pioneer Press reporter about the manner in which senator Castle became a delegate to the recent democratic county convention held here: "You see, the senator is a lawyer. They say that he went up to one of the country delegates and said: "We don't want your vote, but we want you to give us your proxy. Now, if you'll give it to me, I'll pay you $50. I'll give you $40 for that old cow you want to sell me, and that isn't worth $20, and when that lawsuit about that cord of wood that you stole comes up, I'll defend you for nothing. If that isn't enough, what do you want?" Mr. Marsh wouldn't furnish documentary evidence of what he said, though Mr. Castle, who was present, did not deny it.33 REMINISCENCES In his reminiscence of Stillwater in the 1870's and '80's, Albert Caplazi wrote in 1944: "At that time Elliots [1022 S. Fourth] on the northwest corner and Day's on the northeast corner of 4th and Hancock streets were the last houses on 4th street. Revoir's [916 South Third Street] where Schindler's shoe repair shop is now was the last place on 31.d. The road ran there diagonally to the race track [Athletic Field] and on down through the woods to Oak Park. The house on the east side of 2nd St. about the middle of the block between Churchill and Hancock St. was in the woods. It was built by Mr. Mahaney, a plasterer and was plastered on the outside. Abe Rohback lived there later. "Lumber and labor was cheap in the `70's & '80's it is said. Conrad Drechsler who operated the Casino Saloon on the north east corner of Chestnut and Union built a fine large residence on the northwest corner of Willard and 5th in the late seventies for $2,200. Herman Steinhorst was the builder. [Steinhorst also built 805 S. 6th St.] A. M. Dodd lived on the south west corner of Willard and 5th at that time Charles Lustig lived there later. [313 W. Willard]. "Many families kept a cow or two in the seventies and early eighties. There was lots of free pasture, from Hancock St. south to Oak Park and Highway 212 and west to Lily Lake was nearly 31 This document, along with other information on Churchill and Nelson, is from the grandson of Nelson Orris Marsh (the son of Emma & Fayette Marsh), Richard Huseth, 11007 Spicewood Parkway, Austin, TX 78750. Richard was extremely helpful in gathering information on Churchill and Nelson. 32 Stillwater Daily Gazette, September 22, 1897. 33 Stillwater Daily Gazette, August 11, 1888. 20 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition all woods. There was no herd law, cows could run at large. They would be turned out in the morning and come home in the evening to be milked. About that time in the late seventies City Clerk E. A. Hopkins built the fourth house south of Willard Street on the west side of 4th and while he lived there his cow gave birth to four calves all alive all white with red ears and nose. They were pretty calves, but Mr. Hopkins was an, inexperienced cow man, gave the calves too much rope. They got tangled up in the ropes and hung themselves. "From Hancock St. south to Fairview Cemetery and from 4th street west to Holcombe St. was forty acres of woods, which was cleared, broken and sowed to grain in the late seventies....It was called Marsh's Field. Mrs. Marsh was Betsey Nelson [actually it was Emma Nelson], the daughter of Socrates Nelson who owned much of the land in that vicinity....At that time in the evening you could hear the Whipporwill and other night birds which are not heard any more. "The South Hill from Willard to Hancock was called Nelson's field after Socrates Nelson who owned the land in 1872. Albert Caplazi built a house on the southwest corner of Fourth and Willard [704/706 S. 4th St.] and at one time had a dairy of about 15 cows, until the herd law went into effect about 1885 when the cows were not allowed to run at large, many in the neighborhood came and got their milk fresh at milking time, morning and evening. "Other early residents of South 4th St. were DeStaffeni [710 S. 4th St.], where Joe Giossi lives now. City clerk E. A. Hopkins, Mealy [802 S. 4th St.], Crimmins, Barry [810 S. 4th St.], Goodman [816 S. 4th St.], Le Moine [826 S. 4th St.], Elliot [1022 S. 4th St.], Sinclair [719 S. 4th St], Barrow [Barron, 801 S. 4th St.], Kilty [807 S. 4th St.], Ward White, Crowley [921 S. 4th St.], McGee, Sutherland [1009 S. 4th St.], Day, Carroll [924 S. 4th St.] and others. On 3rd were O'Shaunessy, [703 S. 3rd St.] McCarthy, [911 S. 2nd St.] Foran, [821 S. 3rd St.] Capron, [822 S. 3rd St.] Roney, Richardson, Tozer, [704 S. 3rd St.] Joy, [904 S. 3rd St.] Burlingham, [905 S. 3rd St.] Stewart [906 S. 3rd St.] and other. John Roney lived on the northeast corner of Willard and 2nd. Gol Ricely was stabled there and one day it is said he got loose, the women folks had a pie cooling on the windowsill, Goll (horse) Ricely came along and ate the pie. Daily lived on the southwest corner of Willard and 2nd... "Oct 10, 1875, a fine October Sunday about noon there was made a wing shot that don't happen very often, a large flock of geese were flying North, they were high, so high they appeared about the size of a two months old chick. A Mr. Roettger lived in the third house from the southwest corner of Churchill and 5th [912 S. 5th St.]. He shot at those geese twice from his door step, when they got half way between Churchill and Willard over 5th a goose turned and headed south, she held there a moment and then she began to tumble over and over she went and struck a fence and broke the top one by six inch fence board edgewise back of where Hooley's meat market is now, corner of 4th & Churchill. It was surprising the size of that goose, they looked so small in the air. She was dark colored and weighed about ten pounds. It was quite a sight to see that goose come tumbling down from such a height. The Irish Church [St. Michael's] had just let out so it attracted a large crowd. Mr. Roettger later moved to a farm in Wisconsin between Houlton and Somerset. "A terrible thing happened between the Irish Church and Hooley's butcher shop on Sunday about noon late in November in the late eighties. Mr. Ratican living on the northeast corner of 6th & Hancock [1021 S. 6th St.] bought a team of horses for the woods. They were large, young and frisky. They were being led to water. George Ratican about 12 years old, was leading one of the horses. He had learned from some one who worked at the boom to make a hitch which they used to tie logs together. He made a hitch around his wrist. There was a water fountain in the triangle at 4th, Willard and Locust but the water was shut off for the winter, so they had to go down on 3r1 at the head of Chestnut on the way back just as they got in front of St. Michael's Church the bell 21 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition BLOCK / ---e !L/1-.C-c...A.z L--,--' 0 •Y J _}:?' -•)- ;:r o< ..? 4-Ji'2-4Z-- Ci ,.--: ()--,-,--L,...,,, 1-71` L" ,. ( i (..;1 ..-:'%--..i id 0--1,---A(1,- h,L...r (t fl (7 ''-- ,- ) hlt_.., .,- 1 / 17/4' / ,„? al}:f..e5C.-)-1./. AZ It /J) 4-tf,.--,_,--,:..,;(..„. r,v1 t-V::\ i'n!:::/ii, /4 Ii--eL.4,-01. (r307z. ) 7 let, 2 7-11 `,44,-,_Q 13--/i76 ti _ c_ ti A diagram of the Churchill family burial plot in Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri. Levi Churchill was the second burial in the plot. 22 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition struck 12 o'clock —church out, the horse bolted and started to run the boy couldn't hold him and he couldn't let go as he was hitched to the end of the halter rope. The horse turned on Locust down 4th running away with the boy dangling at the end of the halter rope when the horse turned on Churchill the boy's brains were spattered on the sidewalk and the side of Hooley's Meat Market on the S.W. corner of 4th and Churchill." In 1885, another principal in the Churchill and Nelson business died. Betsey Nelson, the wife of Socrates, died on October 8th. She left her estate totaling $5921.64 to be divided among her three grandchildren.34 THE FINAL CHAPTER By 1900, most of the real estate left by Levi Churchill and Socrates Nelson had been sold. In September of 1901, Fayette Marsh died at the age of 57. His obituary testifies to the tragic figure Fayette had become.35 "The sad fact has for years been impressed upon the minds of our citizens that the once brilliant lawyer, Fayette Marsh, bound by a seemingly uncontrollable passion to habits of dissipation was moving in the pace that kills. All the efforts of his better nature and the kindly influence of relatives and friends were of no avail. At times it seemed as if the great curse of his life was to be lifted, and he became himself. But not for long. The demon, of drink clutched him again in its deadly grasp, and he went steadily downward. His speedy decline, the loss of the respect and confidence among friends who had hoped in vain for his deliverance from the cruel bonds which led him captive on the downward road, these are too well known to most of our readers. "Last Tuesday afternoon, while in a weak and dazed condition, he stumbled and fell down a flight of stairs in the Mower block and was found insensible a few moments later. He was taken to the city hospital and after an examination by the physicians his case was pronounced a very serious one. He lingered, however, in a semiconscious condition, until last evening at 8:30, when death closed the career of one who in life was respected and beloved by all, and whose memory will be kindly cherished by hundreds who will only remember his many noble and unselfish acts of kindness, forgetting else in the charity which covers all the shortcomings and imperfections of this brief, transitory existence here." Fayette Marsh's wi1136 left one-third of his estate to each of his three children with Emma Nelson Marsh. He left one-half his law library to his second child, Fayette Marsh, Jr., age 13, by his second wife, Kate Greeley. The personal assets of Fayette totaled $218; his real estate, heavily mortgaged with back taxes, was valued at $333. Socrates Nelson's legacy, worth $100,000 in 1867, had been reduced by his son-in-law to less than $1,000 two generations later, despite a ten -fold increase in the price of Stillwater real estate. On May 11, 1908, Elizabeth Churchill, aged 83, died in her home at 5108 S. Broadway in St. Louis, Missouri. She had no children. Her Washington County estate consisted of Block 29 on Main Street in the original plat of Stillwater, which was valued at $5,500; some lots in Churchill's Second Addition valued at $950, and $773 in cash. Her house in St. Louis was left to her sisters; a brother, Barron Proctor, age 74; and two nephews: Levi Proctor, age 52, and William White, age 60, were her sole heirs.37 34 Will of Betsey D. Nelson, #854 Washington County Probate Office 35 Stillwater Gazette, September 14, 1901. 36 Will of Fayette Marsh, #2297 Washington County Probate Office. 37 Will of Elizabeth M. Churchill, #3039 Washington County Probate Office 23 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 24 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition House Histories THE FIRST SIX HOUSES In 1870, just before the South Third Street hill was opened, there were only six houses in Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition. The first house built in the Addition stood on the southwest corner of S. Sixth and W. Churchill Streets; today that location is occupied by an 1890's home with the number 902 S. Sixth Street. The first house was built in 1857-58 by Charles and Mary Wagner who purchased the lot from Elizabeth Churchill in July of 1857 for $250. The following year, in May of 1858, the Wagners took out a $1,000 mortgage from the eccentric and wealthy Englishman, Morgan May — for whom the Township is named. Two years later, May foreclosed on the house and property and sold it to Mrs. Mary Jackman. In 1866, Mary bought three additional lots. In 1883, Mary sold the house and four lots to Maria C. Adams. This large house is quite evident on the 1870 Bird's Eye View Map. In May of 1894, a lumberman, John J. Kilty, bought Lots 1 & 2, and presumably built the compact Queen Anne house that graces those lots today. 38 The oldest house which remains today, dates from before the Civil War, sits on a high hill at 313 W. Willard Street. Elizabeth Churchill sold Rudolph Lehmicke Lot 3 of Block 6, in April of 1861. He built a modest house on the lot valued at $450 in the 1863 Tax Assessor's records.39 Lehmicke, who was later to become a Washington County Probate Court Judge, moved out around 1865, and Kate and Thomas Powell moved in and purchased three additional lots from Elizabeth Churchill.40 By 1871, A.M. Dodd, who was later to become Register of Deeds for Washington County, had purchased the house. Three years later, he purchased two additional lots, 5 & 6, from Elizabeth Churchill thereby owning all of the six lots fronting W. Willard Street between S. Fifth and S. Sixth Streets.41 In 1868, three years after the end of the Civil War, Elizabeth and William Giossi purchased Lot 10, Block 6, from Elizabeth Churchill. A year and a half later, they purchased the adjoining Lot 11. By 1870, they had built a house, which took the number 718 S. Fifth Street, estimated at $400, on their two lots. William worked in the Staples Mill.42 In 1879, the Giossi family sold the property to Albert Drews, a miller.43 In March of 1868, the Canadian born Herman and Katie Steinhorst purchased Block 6, Lots 7, 8, & 9, from Elizabeth Churchill. Somewhere between 1865 and 1870 (a period for which we have no tax assessor's records), they built a $350 house that later took the number, 712 S. Fifth Street. Herman was a carpenter who built at least one other house in the neighborhood. There were three children in the family: Alfred, Frank and Caroline. Eventually the family moved to Oak Park. Ellen and John Goff purchased Lot 11 in Block 7, in the spring of 1868. When the tax assessor made his rounds in 1870, he placed a value of $200 on the building upon the lot — a small house. Four years later, this home at 722 S. Sixth Street, had increased in value to $660, suggesting a large addition to the original home. 38 I Deeds 79; D Mtg 198; P Deeds 262; Q Deeds 428; 10 Deeds 591; 40 Deeds 220 39N Deeds 286; SAM 78, Roll 4 P Deeds 200, Q Deeds 551, R Deeds 481. Z Deeds 211; 1877-83 Stillwater City Directories; SAM 78, Roll 8 & subsequent 42 R Deeds 453; V Deeds 518; SAM 7, Ro112; Stillwater City Directory, 1877. 43 8 Deeds 207; Stillwater City Directory, 1881-82. 25 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition John Goff is listed in the Stillwater City Directory of 1882-83 as a cooper, i.e. barrel maker. They must have liked the neighborhood because they remained in this house for the next quarter century. 44 Elizabeth Churchill deeded over Lot 1, Block 7, to an H. Mahlstrom who in turn built a large $700 house that took the number, 712 S. Sixth Street. Two years later, the assessed value had risen to $1,000. Alas, the house went into foreclosure with Hans Hanson, the mortgagee. By 1882, the house and property had passed into the hands of William E. Cummings, who had a jobbing shop on the corner of S. Third and Oak Streets; his wife was a dressmaker, and their son, Albert, was an apprentice at the St. Croix Drug Company.45 CHURCHILL STREET Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer sold Lots 1 & 2, Block 16, to Alice McMahon in October of 1871. Within a couple of years, according to the tax assessor's annual reports, a medium sized house — which remains at 317 E. Churchill Street — had been built on Lot 1. It appears however that Alice did not actually live in the house; she does not appear in any of the Stillwater City Directories for this period.46 307 E. Churchill Street was built in 1964. 304 E. Churchill Street was built in 1946. The first house at 303 E. Churchill Street burned in 1883. A brief article in the Stillwater Messenger of January 20, 1883 gives the details: "The residence of John Mahan, corner Churchill street and Sixth avenue south was destroyed by fire Wednesday morning, together with almost the entire contents. Mrs. Mahan who had been confined a week previous, and whose condition was such as to require some one to sit up with her, discovered the fire at 4:30, and aroused her husband, who had lain down without undressing. A glance showed that all efforts to extinguish the flames would be futile, and he devoted his efforts to removing his wife and family to a place of safety, which he barely succeeded in doing. A musical instrument, a sewing machine and a few other articles comprised the salvage. Mr. Mahan's loss is between $1500 and $2000, which is only partially covered by insurance." However they must have rebuilt (without adequate money) because the owners of the property, John & Matilda Mahon, did not pay their contractor, James Kelly, the last $74 they owed him for "constructing a foundation wall of masonry" in the spring of 1883. The total bill for the foundation was $194, but the Mahons had already paid him $120 on account.47 In June of 1874, Elizabeth Churchill sold Lot 15, Block 2, to Mary McGoldrick on the equivalent of a Contract for Deed. Apparently McGoldrick defaulted on the Contract, for Elizabeth Churchill sold the same lot to Mary Ann and James Nichol in March of 1885. The Nichols soon after built a house that took the number 218 E. Churchill Street. James A. Nichol was a laborer for the Musser-Sauntry Land, Logging, and Manufacturing Co.48 There is not one deed or other property record, before 1908, on Lots 1 & 2, Block 15, the location of the house at 215 E. Churchill Street. I can only guess there was some kind of unrecorded deed or contract that conveyed ownership to the property. From the tax assessor's records, it appears the house was built about 1883, 44 Y Deeds 153; SAM 7, Roll 2; 45 SAM 7, Roll 2; X Deeds 493; 1884-1887 Stillwater City Directories. 46 T Deeds 612; SAM 7, Roll 4. 47 12 Deeds 420; A Liens 321; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 48 E Bonds 138; 7 Deeds 327; 1887, 1891 Stillwater City Directories. 26 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition but I cannot say by whom. The McDonough family lived there in the early 1890's, but it does not appear they built the house. 114 W. Churchill Street, a one-story brick building, was originally constructed as a `picture theatre" in the summer of 1915. The owners were the O'Neal Brothers, James & Eugene, who were lumbermen. According to the building permit, the $3,500 structure was to be one story, 50 feet wide, and 75 feet deep. The building material was concrete, and the roofing "ruberoid." In an article in the February 16, 1916, issue of the Stillwater Messenger, there was an announcement of the building's new ownership: "The Hilltop moving picture house will be re -opened immediately under new management. The new manager's name is Samuel Carlson....Mr. Carlson states that the main drawback to the theatre, the lack of heat, has been remedied by the installation of a number of more radiators and that the theatre will now be found warm and comfortable." In 1924, the Theatre was closed and the building reopened as an automobile repair garage. This, and much more history of the building can be found in an article by local historian, Brent Peterson, in The St. Croix Valley Press of October 4, 2001. Previous to the Theatre, there was a house on this site built around 1873, the residence of Timothy Donohue, who sold candy and cigars at this location.49 117 W. Churchill Street was built as an addition to 901 South Fourth Street by Charles and Carrie Glaser who had a store and residence in 901 South Fourth Street. According to the building permit, the $1,000 addition at 117 West Churchill was for the purpose: "by adding pool room to east side 30 ` x 38' 2 stories in height." Over the years, this building has had a number of uses, but the most common is as a barber shop.50 In May of 1872, Elizabeth Churchill sold Lot 28, Block 12, to Bridget Keating, and there is a note in the assessor's records penciled in "Keating's house, $400." Two years later, however, the property was sold to Joseph Olson who lived at 219 W. Churchill Street for more than two decades. But it appears this house was demolished, and around the turn of the century a second house was built in this location. The present house had five feet added to it as well as a porch over the kitchen in 1922, and the following year, there was a massive $5,000 remodeling in which the rooms and porches were rearranged.51 In 1871, the tax assessor, making his rounds of this neighborhood, placed a value of $350 on the house situated on the three lots (1, 2, 3, Block 11) owned by Hans Hanson. In 1881, Hanson sold his property and the house that took the number, 309 W. Churchill Street, to Fridolin Becker. Becker was a teamster. In the summer of 1911, this house was moved within its two lots to accommodate the building of 904 and 908 S. Fifth Street.52 310 W. Churchill Street is another house, which I cannot date accurately. It was built on the two lots purchased by Howard Packard when he constructed his larger home next door at 824 S. Fifth Street. It is quite a small house of the simple style built in the decade before and after the Civil War. It appears to be on the 1879 Bird's Eye View Map. There are no records pertaining specifically to this house, but one of the residents who lived there many years told her daughter that it had once been a barn.53 The house at 314 W. Churchill Street was moved to this location around 1950. It had originally stood at 906 S. Fourth Street as the home of Roy Hooley, who owned the meat and grocery store next door to his house. For a time in the 1870's, the home at 319 W. Churchill Street had the more logical house number, 619 W. Churchill Street. James B. and Martha Davis, both of whom, like many Stillwater residents, had come to Minnesota from Maine, built this house in 1872. James worked in the lumber trade, first as a riverman, later for Isaac Staples. The Davis family had three children: Edward, Ford, and Gertrude. Although their home was 49 SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877 & 1881-82 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permit #1606. 5° City of Stillwater Building Permit #1515; also see entry at 901 South Fourth St. 51 SAM 78, Roll 9; D Bonds 400; Z Deeds 34; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permits #1899, #2003 52 SAM 78, Roll 8; R Deeds 116; 1877 & 1884 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permit #1453. 53 Dorothy Scullen, who grew up in the house, interview 2/9/2004. 27 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The nicely proportioned Greek Revival house at 322 W. Churchill Street was built in 1871 by Levi Thompson and his wife, Aurora. Below: This small house at 923 S. Sixth Street was once home to Melvina Fox, a midwife, and her family of 22 relatives. The future of this small house is presently uncertain. Photography by Donald Empson. 28 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Alexander & Sara McLellan who built the home at 410 W. Churchill Street in 1892. Natives of Canada, the couple had five children born in the house: David, Hermie, Ruth, Lyle, Goldwin. Courtesy of Nancy McLellan. 29 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 04 W. Churchill Street from a a ostcard circa 1910. ourtesy of Brent Peterson 30 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition actually built in 1872, the deed from Elizabeth Churchill to Martha Ann Davis was not recorded until July of 1874. In 1891, a good sized one -and -a -half story stable was added to the property.54 The classic Greek Revival house at 322 W. Churchill Street was built in 1871 by Levi Thompson — who does not seem to be a relation of the other Levi E. Thompson in Stillwater — an attorney and land developer. In enumerating progress for that year, the Stillwater Gazette of November 14th, 1871, lists "Levi Thompson res. and barn $3000" under "Improvements on Sixth Street." The tax assessor was less optimistic in listing the value of the house at $1,000. This property transaction is another example of how Churchill and Nelson used an intermediate, unrecorded deed in selling their properties. Although we know the house was there in 1871, and therefore Thompson must have been in possession of the property, the first recorded deed does not occur until November of 1878 when a Warranty Deed transfers the property from Churchill to Thompson. Levi and his wife, Aurora, were born in Maine; they had two sons, Charles and Ernest, and two daughters, Alice and Iris. In the later part of his life, Thompson was a partner with Asa Pattee in a coal and wood fuel business.55 The east half of lots 17, 18, 19, & 20 were sold by Walter Herald to Robert Barter in May of 1890. It appears that Barter built the first house — which took the number, 404 W. Churchill Street — on this property soon after he purchased it. Barter, like his neighbor, McClellan, was a lumberman. After the turn of the century, George Giebler, a butcher who worked in the family meat market on South Main Street, acquired the property. Giebler kept the house for many years. In 1938, he paid Emil Bieging, a local carpenter, $600 to divide the house into a duplex, including an outside stairway to the second floor.56 In 1874, Walter Herald bought four lots in Block 7 from Elizabeth Churchill: lots 17, 18, 19, & 20. It does not appear that Herald built on these four lots, but in May of 1890 he divided the four lots on an east -west basis. The west one-half of the four lots was sold to Alexander ("Sandy") McClellan who, in the spring of 1892, built a house on his half of the lots. The home, which took the number, 410 W. Churchill Street, was estimated to have a building cost of $900; its dimensions were listed as 19 front feet, 26 feet in the rear, and 28 feet deep; one - and -a -half stories high. It was to have a 9-foot by 14-foot cellar 7 feet deep. The contractor was Eugene Schmidt, who had an office at 412 S. 3rd St. In 1932, another contractor charged about $350 to do a general remodeling of the interior, changing partitions, and putting in new floors.57 George Giebler was not only a butcher; he was also a developer. He purchased the two lots west of him, lots 21 & 22, and divided them on an east -west line. On the east half of the two lots, he had the home at 416 W. Churchill Street built in November of 1912. The price of the building is listed on the building permit as $2,000. The size was to be 28 by 30 feet, 2 stories, with a full 7-foot deep basement.58 The home at 421 W. Churchill Street has been changed considerably from its original appearance, but it would seem that at least a part of this house was built about 1872 by Alfred Johnson who is listed in the Stillwater City Directory of 1877 as a member of the river police. In the summer of 1917, local carpenter, Emil Bieging added a $150 porch to the house. 59 Three years later, in 1915, George Giebler had a second house built almost identical to the first. $2000 was the listed cost of this home at 424 W. Churchill Street, but this house was a trifle smaller at 26 by 30 feet. This, however, was not the first house at this address. The first had been built about 1870 by Phillip and Eliza McDermott, the parents of Nancy McGrath who lived at 502 W. Churchill Street. McDermott became a prosperous lumberman, and in 1884 built a large attractive house that remains at 1312 South Fourth Avenue. When the original house on these two lots was demolished, I do not know.60 54 Z Deeds 27; 1880 Census, # 197; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; SAM 5, Roll 2; City of Stillwater Building Permit #606. 55 SAM 5, Roll 2; 5 Deeds 45; 1880 Census, # 191; 1877 and 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 56 X Deeds 539; City of Stillwater Building Permit, #2535. 5' X Deeds 539; City of Stillwater Building Permit #678, #2369; 1892 Stillwater City Directory 58 City of Stillwater Building Permit #1516. 59 SAM 5, Roll 2; Z Deeds 61; City of Stillwater Building Permit #1665. 6o R Deeds 636; T Deeds 483; SAM 7, Roll 2; City of Stillwater Building Permit, #1619; 1880 Census #212; Empson: History of the Hersey Staples Addition, page 33. 31 Jack and Don Mielke, ages 6 and 3, on the west side of their home at 502 W. Churchill Street in 1943 (above 502 W. Churchill Street in 1939 (below Photographs Courtesy of Brent Peterson. 32 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition John and Nancy McGrath, natives of New Brunswick, purchased two lots from Elizabeth Churchill in June of 1873 for $250. That same year, they built a substantial house the tax assessor valued at $600. In 1876, John died, and Nancy was left in their home at 502 W. Churchill Street with her large Irish family which, in 1880, was listed as: Nancy, age 58; Maggie, 32; Andrew 29; John 26; Nellie, 20; Emma, 16; Katie, 14; and a nephew, Joseph 7. Nancy lived in the house until her death in 1899.61 Churchill and Nelson sold Lots 1 & 2 to Thomas Sutton in May of 1873. Sutton turned around and sold the two lots to Peter Shattuck two months later. Five years later, in September of 1878, Shattuck sold the two lots to Daniel Reardon who, in 1882, built a substantial $700, two-story house, 20 feet by 28 feet, which took the house number, 505 W. Churchill Street. In 1891, Reardon, who was a Stillwater policeman, hired the Northey Brothers, local contractors, to do some finish work inside the house. In 1928, Emil Bieging, a local carpenter, made a $1,200 addition to the home.62 Elizabeth Churchill sold the east two-thirds of Lots 26, 27, & 28, Block 9, to John M. Nelson in August of 1872. It appears from the tax assessor's records that he quickly built a small house which tripled in value by 1874, and became a good sized house that later took the number, 513 W. Churchill Street. Nelson worked for various employers, including the Isaac Staples and the Hersey & Bean lumber companies. Nelson lived here more than 20 years.63 In the tax assessor's hand-written record in 1872, there is a penciled note added that a D. Hannigan is the owner of Lots 21 & 22, Block 8, and notes there is a $200 improvement on the property. This appears to be one of those instances where Churchill and Nelson sold the lots on an unrecorded document similar to a Contract for Deed, because the first recorded sale of the lots took place in May of 1873 when Elizabeth Churchill sold the property to Henry Diers. Over the next decade, the property is sold three more times, ending up in the possession of John Curtiss in 1883. By 1890, Curtiss, a stone mason, is listed in the City Directory as occupying the house at 514 W. Churchill Street.64 In August of 1872, Elizabeth Churchill sold the west one-third of Lots 26, 27, & 28, Block 9, to Frederick Kadel, a wagon maker. Within a year, he had built a house that took the number, 521 W. Churchill Street, valued by the tax assessor at about $350. Ten years later, in April of 1882, Fred sold the property to John George Kern. From his new house, it was a 12-block walk for John Kern to his place of employment below the bluff, the Hersey & Bean Lumber Company. Kern lived in the house for over two decades. In 1922, Albert Peaslee, a plumbing contractor and the current owner of the house, paid Emil Bieging, a local building contractor, about $100 to have a new porch entrance and window added to the structure. Two years later, in June of 1924, Peaslee paid another local contractor, Frank Linner, $1,400 to rearrange the interior rooms of the house and do other repairs. 65 During the post Second World War building boom, 413 W. Churchill Street was built in 1948, and 313 W. Churchill Street was built in 1951 on what appears to have been a vacant lot. 522 W. Churchill Street was built in 1950; and 509 W. Churchill Street was built in 1955 on what also appear to have been vacant lots. 61 X Deeds 325; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1880 Census, #222; there is quite a bit more information on this particular house in an article by Brent Peterson in The St. Croix Valley Press, April 11, 1996. 62 X Deeds 346, 350; 1 Deeds 627; City of Stillwater Building Permit #532 & 2235; Stillwater City Directories for 1881-82, 1887. 63 X Deeds 73; SAM 7, Roll 3; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories 64 SAM 7, Roll 3; Z Deeds 343; 1 Deeds 144; 8 Deeds 37; 12 Deeds 178; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. 65 X Deeds 71; 10 Deeds 121; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1877, 1882-3, 1887, 1904 Stillwater City Directories. City of Stillwater Building Permits # 1922, #2041 33 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Chester Wilson, a neighbor, is aiming his • O ti 'N O 0 0 oa rn b o 10 M o F 0 c o 0 s 2 u) 0 o 0 E1 o 34 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition SIXTH AVENUE SOUTH Lots 1 to 4, Block 1, were part of an $1,800 package sold by Elizabeth Churchill to Henry Woodruff on a Contract for Deed. Woodruff, a Stillwater resident and one-time owner of the newspaper, the Stillwater Messenger, assigned the Contract to his brother, Willis Woodruff, who, in turn, sold the lots to Edmund G. Butts, an attorney and land speculator. In May of 1887, Butts sold the four lots to Andrew and Wilhelmina Quinn. In the spring of 1888, the Quinns had the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company build them a house on Lots 1 & 2 that was one -and -one-half stories high, 32 feet wide by 42 feet deep, costing $1,760 — a house taking the number, 704 Sixth Avenue S.. The following year, neighborhood carpenter, Thomas Sutherland added a $100 barn to the property. But apparently something happened to Andrew, a plumber, for by 1892, Wilhelmina is living by herself at another address, and the following year she moved to Chicago.66 A second house at 712 Sixth Avenue S. was built on Lots 3 & 4 in 1975.67 In 1882, Elizabeth Churchill sold Lots 5, 6, 7 To Charles B. Jack, a Stillwater attorney. Within the next year, he had built a $700 house that took the number, 718 Sixth Avenue S. on his Lot 5. Two years later, in April of 1884, he sold Lots 5 & 6 to Mary Jewell, a housekeeper who lived and worked at the most famous hotel in downtown Stillwater, The Sawyer House.68 808 Sixth Ave. S. was built in 1960. Lots 11 & 12, Block 1, were first sold to George Chase of Rhode Island by Hilary Hancock as part of a $500 package in September of 1857. By 1880, they were in the hands of Edmund G. Butts, a Stillwater attorney and land speculator, In July of 1882, he sold Lot 11 to Addison Drake, a barber, and his wife, Sarah. Within the next year or so, they had a house built on the lot that took the number, 812 Sixth Avenue S. Butts sold Lot 12 to George H. Diamond, in May 1880; Diamond sold to Frederick Gail, in November 1887; and Gail sold the N1/2 of Lot 12 to Sarah Drake in Dec 1887, thus completing the parcel that remains today. 69 The property along with the home at 816 Sixth Avenue S. (the south 1/2 of Lot 12 and all of Lot 13) passed through the hands of several speculators, including George Chase of Rhode Island and Edmund Butts of Stillwater before being purchased by Nicholas Yost in July of 1885. Yost, a wallpaper hanger, promptly took out a mortgage and built a substantial $1,000 home.70 NICHOLAS YOST, AND PAPER HANGER, 816 SIXTH AVENUE, STILLWATER, MINN. 66 D Bonds 497; Z Deeds 339; 19 Deeds 521, 522.Stillwater City Directories 1887-1894; City of Stillwater Building Permits #278(B) & #447. 67 Tax Assessor's Office 697 Deeds 122; 12 Deeds 528; SAM 78, Roll 13; 1887-1894 Stillwater City Directories. 69 SAM 78, Roll 13; I Deeds 485; 8 Deeds 320; 24 Deeds 210, 288; 1877 Stillwater City Directory. 70 W Deeds 220; 10 Deeds 182; 15 Deeds 352; 1894 Stillwater City Directory; SAM 78, Roll 13 35 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In August of 1872, George Chase of Rhode Island, who, 15 years earlier had purchased Lots 13, 14, 15, Block 1, from Hilary Hancock as a land speculation, sold the three lots to Edmund G. Butts, a Stillwater attorney and a land speculator himself. Eight years later, Butts sold the South half of Lot 14 and all of Lot 15 to William H. Fellows, a clerk at the Post Office and real estate dealer. Fellows took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association, but it does not appear he built on these lots. Instead, in March of 1885, Fellows sold to Albert Drews who, in turn, also took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association and built the house which today has the number, 822 South Sixth Avenue. In the spring of 1888, Drews took out a building permit to allow local contractor and builder, Edward Olson, add a $200, one-story, 14-foot by 18-foot kitchen to the original house. The size of the original house was noted as a two-story, 18 feet wide and 26 feet deep. Albert and Herman Drews were brothers in a flour and feed mill at the foot of Chestnut Street.71 Ida Butts, the wife of Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer, sold Lots 3 & 4, Block 16, to Augusta Lippert in August of 1885. In the summer of 1888, she took out a building permit to allow Sven Berglund, a local contractor, to build her a one-story house at 910 South Sixth Avenue that was 22 feet by 30 feet. The cost was estimated at $875.72 The Canadian -born John Keefe, who is listed in the Stillwater City Directories as a cook, and his wife Catherine, bought Lot 5 from Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer, in June of 1873. The tax assessor's records indicate he built his house — which later took the number, 916 South Sixth Avenue — about 1877. He added Lot 6 at a later date. There were four children in his household in 1880.73 Charles Krone, an agent for the Singer Sewing Machine Company, bought Lot 8, Block 16, from his next door neighbor -to -be, Francis Ward, in October 1886 for $250. That same month, he took out a building permit for a one -and -a -half -story house, 16 feet by 24 feet, which would cost $200. The carpenter was Frank Peterson. The house took the number, 924 South Sixth Avenue. In 1910, a $400 barn, one story in height, 18 feet wide and 24 feet deep, was added to the property.74 In April of 1883, Francis Ward bought Lots 8 & 9, Block 16, from Elizabeth Churchill. Two months later, J. S. Anderson & Co, a lumber company, filed a lien against James and Francis Ward for lumber delivered "for the erection of a dwelling house" in April & May of 1883. The unpaid bill was $132.93. This house later took the number, 928 South Sixth Avenue. Three years later, Ward sold Lot 8 to Charles Krone for $250.75 John & Emma McRae bought Lots 10 & 11 from Elizabeth Churchill in May of 1883, taking back a mortgage. Within the next couple of years, they had their house at 1002 South Sixth Avenue built, for they appear first in the 1887 Stillwater City Directory. John was a surveyor.76 1010 South Sixth Avenue was built in 1947. The Swiss -born Fred Hefty, a laborer, and his wife Bethany, purchased Lot 14, Block 16, from Elizabeth Churchill in March, 1877. Within a year, he had begun construction of a house at 1016 South Sixth Avenue. By 1880, they had three children in their household.77 71 SAM 78, Roll 15; W Deeds 220; 10 Deeds 182; P Mtgs 497; G Deeds 482; S Mtgs 567; 15 Deeds 380; 1894 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #282. 72 7 Deeds 380; City of Stillwater Building Permit #328. 73 X Deeds 336; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, Family #310. 74 19 Deeds 234; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 148, 1407. 75 7 Deeds 174; 19 Deeds 234; A Liens 336; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 76 7 Deeds 212.; T Mtgs 266. 77 Z Deeds 430; 1881-82 & 1884 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, Family #308.. 36 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition SOUTH FIRST STREET Tots 28, 29, & 30, Block 1 were part of an $1,800 package sold by Elizabeth Churchill to Henry JWoodruff on a Contract for Deed. Woodruff, a Stillwater resident and one-time owner of the newspaper, the Stillwater Messenger, assigned the Contract to his brother, Willis Woodruff, who, in turn, sold Lot 30 to Peter Stenstrom in July of 1885. Stenstrom sold boots, shoes, tobacco and cigars from his business and residence at 211 & 213 N. Second Street. It was not until 1921 that the residence at 703 S. First Street was constructed. According to the building permit, the cost of this house was $3,500; it was one -and -one-half story, 22 feet by 32 feet. The name on the permit was Mathew F. Butler.78 Seward P. and Elizabeth Richardson purchased Lot 1 & 2 and the N% of Lot 3, Block 2, in April of 1881. They immediately took out a $1,000 mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association. However the loan was not used to build a house on this property, but perhaps elsewhere. By 1889, the mortgage had been satisfied, but within a couple of years, it appears the Richardsons had financial troubles. They sold these lots and their home at 712 S. Third St. to Robert McGarry, a bookkeeper for the Hersey & Bean Lumber Co. In June of 1895, McGarry sold the two and one-half lots to James and Minnie Hanson who built a fine house which took the number, 704 S. First Street. A building permit taken out in October of 1895 records the building of a barn and wagon shed, 20 feet by 30 feet, one -and -a -half stories high at a cost of $300. Mads Nielson from the North Hill was the builder.79 JAMES HANSON, DEALER IN dry Goods, (traceries AND GENERAL MERCHANDISE, 114 NORTH MAIN STREET. Lots 28, 29, & 30, Block 1, were part of an $1,800 package sold by Elizabeth Churchill to Henry Woodruff on a Contract for Deed. Woodruff, a Stillwater resident and one-time owner of the newspaper, the Stillwater Messenger, assigned the Contract to his brother, Willis Woodruff, who, in turn, sold Lot 28 to Margaret Mahoney in November of 1884. The tax assessor's record of 1885 assigns a value of $625 to the lot indicating a house had been built at 709 S. First Street. The 1887 City Directory lists "Miss Maggie Mahoney, milliner, 225 E. Chestnut, res. 709 S. lst."80 The Stillwater Gazette in its issue of November 14, 1871, made a list of improvements to demonstrate how the city had grown the past year. Noted under "Nelson's Field" (as the South Hill was then called) was a 24- foot by 32-foot house constructed by S. Doyle. In September of 1872, Stephen & Mary Ann Doyle (he was a "riverman" (working with the logs in the river)) took out a $208 mortgage on Lots 26 & 27, Block 1. The 78 D Bonds 497; 7 Deeds 374; Stillwater City Directory, 1887; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1853. 79 8 Deeds 120; P Mtgs 345; 8 Mtgs 133; 35-291; 40 Deeds 521; 1896-97 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #867. 80 SAM 78, Roll 5; D Bonds 497; 12 Deeds 404; Stillwater City Directory, 1887. 37 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition If you look closely, you can find many architectural details in the older houses of this neighborhood. Above is a "bargeboard" from the peak of the roof at 805 S. First Street; below is a second -floor window hood at 717 S. First Street. Photograph courtesy of Donald Empson. 38 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition mortgage was with Hersey, Bean & Brown, a sawmill and lumber company located on South Main Street below the bluff, and this mortgage almost certainly financed the construction of the house at 711 S. First Street. The mortgage was satisfied a year later, but in October, 1874, James Kelly, a stone mason who lived on the corner of S. Fourth and Churchill Streets, filed a lien against Doyle for $60.75 "to do the stonework at $1.25 per perch and to do the brick work and cement the cistern for what would be a reasonable price... " This, however, was the least of the Doyle's troubles, for there was no deed to the property recorded for the Doyles. Fayette Marsh reclaimed the property — despite the Doyle's efforts — and resold the house and lots to William Stein, a jeweler who lived on Pine Street. Stephen Doyle had emigrated from New Brunswick; his wife, Mary Ann was born in Pennsylvania. By 1880, the Doyle household consisted of Stephen and Mary Ann, a son, Edmund, 7; Elizabeth, 5; Austin, 1; and their mother-in-law, Elizabeth Austin from Ireland. The Doyles, apparently fond of the neighborhood, moved south in the early 1880's to 1017 South First.81 In May of 1879, Ernest Borscht or Borchard, a fruit dealer and confectioner, purchased Lots 4 & 5, Block 2. Within six months he took out a mortgage with the Seymour, Sabin & Co. who most likely furnished the lumber to build the home at 712 S. First Street. By 1881, the tax assessor had assigned a value of $1,050 to the two lots and building.82 In April of 1872, seven years after the end of the Civil War, Elizabeth Churchill sold Lots 24 & 25 to Henry Prince, a Stillwater merchant and land speculator. Henry, in turn, sold them to George Prince, who sold them to Emily Prince, and in August of 1880, Emily Prince sold the lots to John L. Miller, a carpenter and house mover. Soon after purchasing the property, John & Elizabeth Miller took out a mortgage from the St. Croix Valley Savings Bank. By 1885, the tax assessor had valued the lots at $1,500, indicating a substantial house on the property — which took the number, 717 South First Street. On one of the coldest evenings of the year, January 20, 1911, there was a large fire in the house requiring one -and -one-half hours to extinguish. Damage was estimated at $2,514.92.83 This property went through six owners before Charles W. and Ida J. Crowell purchased it in August of 1881. By 1883, the tax assessors records recorded a value of $1,650 for the two lots and home at 720 S. First Street, indicating quite a substantial home. Charles was a miller. In April of 1886, the Crowells sold the property and house for $3,000 to Mike Johnson of Houlton, Wisconsin, who, it appears, rented the house for a number of years.84 In April of 1872, seven years after the end of the Civil War, Elizabeth Churchill sold Lots 22 & 23 to Henry Prince, a Stillwater merchant, insurance agent, and real estate dealer. In 1883, he and his wife, Emily, took out a mortgage with the St. Croix Valley Savings Bank, and built a substantial house, which took the number 801 South First Street. In the spring of 1898, Frank Linner (that is pronounced Lin -near) & Co., a Stillwater contractor, took out a building permit: "To raise the roof on L part 9 ft. and build a porch in front of building for the sum of $275."85 The home at 802 S. First Street first had the house number, 726 S. First Street. Frederick E. Loomis, a photographer, bought Lots 8 & 9, Block 2, in July of 1878. He took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association that same month, and it appears within a year to so, he had built a house. In 1882, he sold the property and house to Charles W. and Addie N. Gorham.86 Thomas Francis, a confectioner (candymaker) purchased Lots 20 & 21, Block 1, in April of 1881. That fall he began having his house at 805 South First Street constructed. Unfortunately, he did not pay Hersey, Bean & Brown, a lumberyard and sawmill on South Main Street below the bluff, for the materials he used. In January 81 I Mtgs 342; A Liens 110; Stillwater City Directories 1877-1887; SAM 7, Roll 3 & subsequent; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, Family #299. 825 Deeds 175; 0 Mtgs 141; 1881-82, 1887 Stillwater City Directory. S3 X Deeds 212; 5 Deeds 534; Z Deeds 585; T Mtgs 465; SAM 78, Roll 15; 1887-1894 Stillwater City Directories; Stillwater Fire Department Records. 84 8 Deeds 380; 15 Deeds 597; 1884 Stillwater City Directory; SAM 78, Roll 13. 85 SAM 78, Roll 13; T Mtgs 270; 1894 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #954. 86 I Deeds 594; N Mtgs 271; 10 Deeds 360; SAM 78, Roll 13; 1884 Stillwater City Directory 39 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition of 1882, they filed a lien against Francis which included a detailed listing of building materials used in "construction of a certain dwelling" between July and September 1881 in the amount of $270.98.87 PRINCE & HARPER, 7-4. G 1(ERUL INSURANCE, REAL ESTATE AND LOANS. 4-. Representing 17 Leading Fire Insurance Companies. Mutual Benefit Life Iris, Co,, New Jersey. Employer's Liability Accident Ins, Co, Lloyds Plate Glass Ins. Co, We have a Large List of Property for Sale in the Most Desirable Localities in the City, and Loan Money on Improved City and Farm Property. Office Over First National Bank, 215 S. Main St. George Low and his wife, Ossina, purchased a number of lots in this area in the 1870's. In 1877, they purchased Lots 10-12, Block 2, and a year later, took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association for $500. Within two years, they had constructed the house having the number 808 S. First Street today. George was a carpenter, and for a time, manufactured wood and iron fences. George was also the general manager of the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company, a neighborhood company that built several of the houses in this area. Ossina Low was a florist, and a building permit taken out in September of 1886 is for a $700 greenhouse, 26 feet wide, and 96 feet long, one story in height. George Low was listed as the builder.88 However, it appears the present house at this address was built after the turn of the century. 817 South First Street was built in 1947. Wilhelm & Bertha Gast purchased Lots 3 & 4, Block 15, in July of 1883. Within a year they built their modest -sized house that was to take the number, 912 South First Street. In the 1884 Stillwater City Directory, Wilhelm is listed as a tailor working for F. C. Cutler, and residing (before house numbers) on the west side of First, the 2nd house south of Churchill. In 1902, the then owner, Henry Hagen, added a $70 two-story, 20-foot-by 12-foot barn to the property.89 Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer, sold Lot 24, Block 16, to Christian Cook in June of 1889; Christian bought Lot 25 in July of 1893. In the spring of 1888, Cook applied for a permit to build a house at 915 South First Street, on these lots. The $400 house was to be 16 feet wide and 40 feet deep, one -and -a -half stories. The cellar was 8 feet by 8 feet, and 6 feet deep.99 e, SAM 78, Roll 13; 8 Deeds 139; A Liens 292; B8 SAM 78, Roll 11; N Mtgs 181; I Deeds 613; 1877 & 1881-82 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 132; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 89 7 Deeds 194; SAM 78, Roll 13; Stillwater Building permit #1094. vo 24 Deeds 567; 35 Deeds 579; 1894 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #262. 40 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In writing the history of a house, there is nothing quite so wonderful as a lien, in which those building the house are not paid, causing them to file a claim against the property. That claim is then preserved in the property records for future researchers and historians to discover. In this case, we know that 917 South First Street was built in the summer of 1886 because James Kelly, a stone mason who lived on S. Fourth Street, filed a lien against the owner of the property, Benjamin White, for "...excavation of a cellar, and doing the mason work for the same together with the foundation under part of the dwelling to be erected on the same of the size of 20 x 25 feet..." As a matter of historical interest, the excavation of the cellar cost $15 (with one man's labor at $2 a day, that is over 7 days work), and the stone and skilled labor came to $156.60. Besides the lien, there is also a building permit for this house taken out in April of 1886. The building was expected to cost $600; it was one -and - a -half stories, 20 feet by 26 feet with a cellar 20 by 14 feet and 8-1/2 feet deep. The builder was Michael Carroll, a carpenter, who lived in the neighborhood at 924 S. Fourth Street. Benjamin White purchased Lot 23 from Edmund Butts in May of 1886, and took out a mortgage with the St. Croix Savings & Loan in August, 1886 — hopefully to pay off Mr. Kelly, the stone mason! 91 918 South First Street appears to be a house built by Charles Ries about 1892. Charles purchased Lots 5, 6, & 7 in November of 1891 from Julius Heller. He soon after took a mortgage from the Stillwater Savings Bank.92 Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer sold this lot to Patrick Glynn in September of 1885. Glynn built his house soon after, and he is listed at this address, 919 South First Street, in the 1887 Stillwater City Directory.93 The house at 920 South First Street, was, according to its present owner, moved to this location from the site of Lakeview Hospital.s4 The house at 923 South First Street was a family affair. John F. Blankenham — who is listed as a Baker in the Stillwater City Directory — purchased Lot 20, Block 16 from Elizabeth Churchill in July of 1882. Fredereka Magdalena Blankenhorn purchased Lot 21 from Elizabeth Churchill in the same month. They built a home soon afterwards we know, because they are listed at this address in the 1884 Stillwater City Directory.95 John J. Maloy, a bookkeeper, bought Lots 8 & 9, Block 15 in the fall of 1884; soon after he built his home at 1002 South First Street. In the fall of 1888, Malloy took out a building permit to add a $200 kitchen addition on the rear of the original house. The new addition was to be one story, 18 feet by 20 feet. The permit also notes that the original house was two story, 24 feet by 30 feet with a hip roof." The history of 1006 South First Street is uncertain. The house presently at this address appears to have been built circa 1900. Fredrika and William Meyer bought Lot 19, Block 16 from Elizabeth Churchill in March of 1882. He was a harness maker. They built their house at 1007 South First Street the following year, according to the annual tax assessor's records.97 August Wojahn bought Lot 17, Block 16 in August of 1886, and within a year, made an addition to the small existing house at 1013 South First Street that appears to have been built by the previous residents, John Jacob and Magdalene Daschler. According to the building addition permit, the original house was one story, 14 feet wide by 24 feet deep. Wojahn added a $400 one -and -a -half -story addition, 16 feet by 16 feet, to the front of 91 A Lien 503; 19 Deeds 108; X Mtgs 24; City of Stillwater Building Permit #26 9231 Deeds 613; X Mtgs 483. 937 Deeds 387. 94 Melissa Pfannenstein 937 Deeds 140,141. 96 15 Deeds 98; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #351. 977 Deeds 78; SAM 78, Roll 13 41 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition the original house. August was a carpenter with Bieging & Schmidt, a firm of house building contractors. In the spring of 1903, the owner, August Wojahn had the house raised four feet.98 The history of 1017 South First Streetis a little murky. Albert Tozer bought Lots 15 & 16 from Elizabeth Churchill in June of 1881, and it appears, may have built a small house or partial house by 1883. In July of 1885, he sold the property to Matt Clark and Horace W. Davis, wealthy men who must have bought it for investment. A mortgage was taken out with the Stillwater Building Association that, unpaid, was foreclosed in 1891. But the actual resident of the house in those years was Stephen and Mary Ann Doyle who had, in the 1870's, lost their home at 711 South First Street. Perhaps Clark & Davis were holding the title for the Doyles. An 1897 building permit however, suggests that a new two-story house, costing $600, was built on these two lots.99 In the fall of 1897, Nelson School opened at 1018 South First Street. The Stillwater Daily Gazette of September 25, 1897, has a full account of the new school that is interesting not only it its description of the physical building, but in how it was viewed at the time. COMPLETE IN EVERY WAY New Nelson School, a Model Structure of Its Kind It Will be Thrown Open to the Pupils Monday Next. On next Monday morning the new Nelson school building, corner First and Hancock streets will be thrown open to the pupils; and the parents of those who attend there may rest assured that their children, are receiving their education under hygienic conditions as nearly perfect as can be attained by the application of modern scientific knowledge. The Nelson school can hardly be called one of the architectural beauties of the city, although its appearance is attractive and conforms well with the purpose for which it is intended; but in every detail of construction it is strictly modern and embodies the latest and most approved ideas in practice in the larger cities. The structure is of plain outward appearance as has been said and to the cursory observer presents unattractive features, one of which is the fact that there are no windows in either front or back, and the brick walls are relieved only by panels. This however is a concession to the scientific idea upon which the building is designed, and is made necessary in that there need be nothing but the side light in any of the school rooms. Another striking feature which is also said to detract from the appearance of the building is a large square stack of chimney but here again, beauty has been merely forced to give way to science for this stack is an important part of the heating and ventilating system. Beyond these points there is but little to be said of the exterior appearance of the structure. It is two full stories in height with an attic and a basement which is only half underground and is therefore as well lighted from the outside as either of the floors above and partly serves the purpose of another floor. The foundation, as far as it is exposed, is of stone and the front and rear doors are arched with the same material. The upper portion of the building is of brick with cornice and trimmings of wood and the doors and casements are of hard wood. At the front and back of the building, over the doors, are large bay windows, but otherwise the outline is nearly square. The basement is floored throughout with cement and in this part are the furnace and engine rooms. The building is ventilated by what is known as the mechanical method or in other words, circulation of air is obtained by mechanical means and it is not necessary to depend entirely upon gravity. 98 19 Deeds 103; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 186, 1108. 99 8 Deeds 271; 15 Deeds 353; 1884 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; SAM 78, Roll 13; City of Stillwater Building Permit #936. 42 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The ventilating machine is operated in connection with the heating plant and in fact forms a part of the same complete system which is known as the Smead system and was put in by the American Warming and Ventilating Co. of Chicago. The heating plant comprises four large furnaces. The basis of the ventilating system is a large rotary fan which is operated by a 4-horsepower gas engine. This fan is nearly 6 feet in diameter. The fresh air is drawn by the fan directly from out of doors and after being passed over the boilers that it may be heated to the proper temperature is circulated through the building by means of air shafts and registers. This fresh air is admitted to the rooms at the top and the foul air forced out through registers near the floors to the vent stack above referred to. This heating and ventilating system was tested several days ago and found to work perfectly. Besides the engine and boiler rooms the basement contains the water closets which are fully equipped and built after the most approved manner. In the front portion of the basement and entirely separated from the rest of it are two rooms, floored with hard maple and finished exactly like the class rooms above. It is intended to use these rooms for the present, as play rooms; but they may in case of necessity be used as class rooms, for they are much better than some of the class room in other buildings. Thus although the Nelson was built as an eight -room building, it has a capacity of 10 rooms. Of the two floors above the basement there are eight rooms, four on each floor. These rooms are, as regards size and all general characteristics, exactly alike. They are 34x24 feet and so arranged with reference to the windows that the light is all admitted from the left side as the pupils will sit. The floors through the building are of Maple and the trimmings and casements of Georgia pine. The ceilings are all so high and the windows so plentiful as to furnish an abundance of light and air. All of the rooms have slate black -boards on three walls, the other in each case being taken up entirely by the windows. Each room has beside it a spacious wardrobe, the full length of the room. These wardrobes have doors at either end, one opening into the rear portion of the class rooms and the other opening into the halls. On the second floor the front bay window furnishes a spacious and light room which will be used as the principal's office. The bay window at the rear will be used as a library. One each floor, located in the hall is a stationary wash bowl with running water and the building has been plumbed throughout for gas. The building was erected upon the site of the old Nelson school, which was named in honor of Socrates Nelson, long since deceased, but once a prominent citizen of Stillwater. The old Nelson school, which was simply a one-story frame structure of two rooms, was torn down last May after twelve years of service to make room for its more elaborate successor and namesake. The architects were Orff and Joralemon of Minneapolis whose plan was a modification of the Colonial style of architecture. Ground was first broken for the new building about June last and the structure as now completed has cost in round numbers $15,500. The building contract was let to O.H. Olson, the original contract price being $12,664. Owing however to additions to the first plans and specifications, this figure was increased about $200. The total cost of the heating and ventilating plant was $2,020, which is remarkably low as one of the bids for identically the same apparatus was $3,700. The cost of plumbing for the gas and water pipes was about $200 and the grading and other minor expenses amounted to about $350. One still further item of expense which cannot yet be definitely estimated is the cost of extending the sewer to the school.'°° Nelson School was closed as an elementary school in the late 1950's. It was later converted into administrative offices by the consolidated school District 834. The District used it for that purpose until 1976 when the new central services building was constructed. In April of 1977, the City of Stillwater took possession (again) of the school for $1. m° The City of Stillwater Building Permit #931 also has some interesting details. 43 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Over the course of the next year, several proposals for the property were initiated; most of them called for reusing the school in some way. The City Council, however, by a three to two majority, chose a proposal that called for the demolition of the school, and replacing it with two new houses. River Town Restoration, a local preservation group, obtained several injunctions against the demolition, claiming the building was an historic resource. In early 1979, the case ended up in court, and Judge Esther Tomljanovich rendered the decision that all "reasonable and prudent" steps must be taken to preserve the old building. Present in court that day was Stillwater Mayor, David (Choc) Junker who remonstrated with the judge saying: "I think there must be a misunderstanding. You aren't listening to the story the way it really is." Later, Mayor Junker was quoted in the press as saying "It isn't fair. We are supposed to spend money preserving an old school building when we can't even afford indoor toilets for our Lily lake [ice] arena." Stillwater City Attorney, David Magnuson, defending the City Council's decision, said that if the Nelson School qualifies as a `historic resource," it may set a far-reaching precedent. "Stillwater," he explained, "is one of the oldest cities in Minnesota. It has all kinds of buildings built before 1890. It could be argued that all of them are historic resources." "If that is true, it will be difficult to remove or remodel any of the buildings," he warned. "I feel," Magnuson told the judge, "that this judicial interference is unwarranted and unreasonable. I submit that `historical resources' are not man-made things like buildings, but rather things like fossils, bones and abandoned graveyards." The attorney said he knew of no significant events at the Nelson School. "It has been used for the education of children," he added. "But that's something we do every day. No famous people ever attended the school. So I certainly see no basis for it being a historical resource."101 In the spring of 1980, the property was purchased by a group of local businessmen known as the Nelson School Partners. The three men involved were Jeffrey Zoller, Robert Hagstrom, and John Larson. Although they originally intended to convert the building into condominiums, it was instead renovated into eight modern two - and three -bedroom apartments. Wherever possible, elements from the original building were reused and reconditioned. Since 1980, the apartments have been converted into condominiums.102 In many respects, the Nelson School building was the beginning of historic preservation in Stillwater. Today, Stillwater has an ordinance that prohibits the demolition of an old building if there is a viable alternative. SOUTH SECOND STREET awson Dailey bought Lot 1, Block 3, from Betsy Nelson on a Bond for Deed — similar to our Contract for Deed — in September of 1874. Three years later, the tax assessor places a value of $1,100 on the lot, indicating a good-sized home, which took the number 704 South Second Street, had been built. Dailey worked for a time as a planer in one of the mills; later he took up fence building. The Dailey family lived in the house past the turn of the century. According to two building permits, Lawson Daily took up the sale of stoves from his building at 704 South Second Street. The first permit, on March 30, 1901, was apparently for a $150 addition, 18 feet by 30 feet, one -and -a -half stories high that would provide "More room & shop for stoves." The second permit in August of 1901 was for a $450 building two stories in height, 20 feet by 52 feet, with a veneer of iron, and unfinished ceilings. The purpose was for a "stove store and shop." Both buildings were built by Lawson and his son, Russell, who lived next door at 708 South Second Street. A third permit taken out in 1903 adds on a $300 store room and notes that the "Building is sheathed up with nice lumber papered and sided with steel. Roof is fire proof roof felt paper." The 1906-07 Stillwater City Directory also lists Daily as selling ranges.'°3 101 Quoted in the St. Paul Dispatch, January 30, 1979. Page 2(E). 102 The St. Croix Collection at the Stillwater Public Library has an extensive file on the Nelson School. 103 SAM 7, Roll 6; E Bonds 250; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building permits # 1026 & 1032, 1132. 44 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Lawson Dailey who built his house next door at 704 South Second St. sold part of Lots 2 & 3 to George D. Hall for $1,650 in June of 1880. That high a price indicates a home at 708 South Second Street on the property, but as late as 1879, the tax assessor's records indicate no value beyond that of the lot. The logical conclusion is that Lawson Dailey either built a house on the lot in 1880, or George Hall held an unrecorded contract that allowed him the build the house. The latter might make more sense because the following year, Hall sold the property to John Karst for $378 plus the assumption of a $1,400 mortgage.lo4 Seymour, Sabin & Company purchased Lot 28, Block 2, in 1872. Seymour, Sabin was primarily a manufacturing company using the prison labor on a contract basis,105 but they also built houses on speculation. This medium sized house, which today has the number, 709 S. Second Street, was one of those. Within three years, the house had been sold to John F. Conklin, who was for many years, the Street Commissioner (somewhat equivalent to the head of Public Works) for the City of Stillwater.106 W. H. Harris purchased Lots 4 & 5, Block 3, from Betsey Nelson on a Bond for Deed in September 1873. Within a year, Harris had begun the construction of a house on these lots; but alas, he did not seem to have the necessary cash or credit. Seymour, Sabin & Co, a local manufacturing and lumber company, and McKusick, Anderson, another lumber company, each filed a lien against Harris in 1874 for $236.10 and $216.38 for lumber and materials used "to construct a dwelling." Harris apparently could not keep up his payments to Nelson for she took back the property and resold it to Fred Pennington. From the tax assessor's records, it appears the two lumber companies reclaimed their materials for there does not appear to be a house on the property by 1877. Two years later, under the ownership of Pennington, the value of the lots and improvements jumped from $600 to $1,900. In the fall of 1888, Pennington took out a building permit to allow the Northey Brothers, local contractors, to add two wings to the original house at a cost of $1,000. That same permit notes that the original house was two stories, 22 feet by 32 feet. Pennington was a lumberman with Sauntry, Tozer, & Pennington. This house had the number 712 South Second Street. The story is that Dr. Demeter & Alice Kalinoff bought this house, and found it would cost almost as much to install electricity and plumbing as it would to build a new house. Therefore they demolished the original house, and in 1913, they had Frank Linner (pronounced Lin -near) & Co. build a new house on the original foundation. According to the building permit, the house was to cost $5,000, be 30 feet by 31 feet, two story with a hip roof.107 In May of 1868, three years after the end of the American Civil War, Edmund G. Butts, a Stillwater attorney and real estate dealer, sold Augustus' and Caroline Godfrey, Lot 26, Block 2. The following month the Godfreys began the building of a house which today has the number, 713 S. Second St. Unfortunately they were not able to pay the contractor, Thomas Sinclair, for his work, and he filed a lien against the property in December of 1869. It read, in part: `Augustus C. Godfrey and Caroline Godfrey in a/c [account] with Thomas Sinclair June 1868 for lumber for building house on lot No. 26...June 28, 1869, excavating & furnishing materials and building cellar and cistern on same premises...three days hauling materials at @$5...furnishing cement and plastering cistern." The total money owed Sinclair: $254.45. The tax assessor placed a value of $300 on the structure. This is the second oldest houses in Churchill, Nelson, Slaughter's Addition. In 1894, according to a building permit application, an addition — or possibly a new house — was built on Lots 26 & 27. According to the permit, the structure was to be 26 feet by 28 feet deep, one -and -a -half stories in height, and cost $900. The owner at this time was William Heffernam and the contractor was the Stillwater Manufacturing Company.'°8 Edmund G. Butts, a Stillwater lawyer and real estate dealer, sold Lot 25 to William W. Gilbert in February, 1871; Gilbert sold the same Lot to Hubert Hall, who in turn sold it to William Patner in May of 1872. The tax assessor's records for the following year list a small $200 structure on the property. Patner (or Patrew) continued to own the lot for well over a decade, but, because he is never listed in the Stillwater City Directory, it 104 SAM 7, Roll 8; 5 Deeds 529; 8 Deeds 66; 105 For more information on Seymour, Sabin & Co, see my "A History of the South Half of the Carli & Schulenburg Addition Residential Area," October 2001. 106 SAM 7, Roll 5; 5 Deeds 194, 195; 1877 & 1881-82 Stillwater City Directory. 107 E Bonds 50; A Liens 112, 114; SAM 7, Roll 8; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 373, 1548. 1°8 In the Stillwater Messenger of January 6, 1871, Thomas Sinclair is listed as one of Stillwater's house builders; SAM 7, Roll 2; S Deeds 419; A Liens 66; City of Stillwater Building permit #794. 45 The Ed O'Brien house at 720 S. Second Street. O'Brien's liquor store was on Main Street in downtown Stillwater. Photographs courtesy of the Washington County Historical Society. 46 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition does not appear he lived here. In the fall of 1888, a Frank Chartrand applied for a building permit to build a dwelling on this lot. The house was to two stories in height, 24 feet by 28 feet, with a cost of $900. C.hartrand lists himself as both the owner and builder of this home which took the number, 717 S. Second Street. 109 720 South Second Street occupies Lots 6,7, & 8, Block 3. In his annual valuation of properties in Stillwater, the tax assessor made a note for 1872 that the value of Lot 7 included a $350 house, and the name "Watson" was added in pencil. The following year, the note "Watson's house" was added again in pencil. However, the actual Warranty Deed transferring the property from Elizabeth Churchill to George Watson was written in March of 1873, followed by Watson's mortgage in 1874. Two years later, in the fall of 1876, Watson sold the property to Edward O'Brien, a liquor dealer on North Main Street. In the summer of 1889, the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company made a $250 "Addition to Main House & Porch reshingling roof and slight changes inside."no Edmund G. Butts, a Stillwater attorney and real estate dealer, sold Lot 23 to James H. Griffen, a saw blade sharpener, in September of 1873. He must have immediately begun construction of a house at 723 S. Second Street because the tax assessor's record notes a $200 house on the lot followed by the penciled notation: "Griffith's House." The next year, in June 1874, Griffen bought Lot 24, completing the property.111 John Glaspie, a local real estate dealer who lived at 719 S. Third St., and his wife, Kate, purchased Lots 9, 10, & 11 from the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company for $900 in May, 1889. In turn, they sold part of Lots 9 & 10 to James and Ellen Dwyer in July of 1890. Either the Glaspies or the Dwyers built the house at 806 South Second Street between 1889 and 1891.112 George Low and his wife, Ossina, who lived at 808 South First Street, were prominent people in this early neighborhood. She was a florist with a greenhouse on their lots, and owned extensive property in her own name. George Low was a carpenter and later the general manager of the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company which built several houses in this area. The 1887 Stillwater City Directory has a brief description of the company: Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company This company was organized March 20, 1887, with a joint stock of $3,000 and with the following officers. F.E. Joy, president; H.V. Quackenbush, secretary and treasurer, George Low, general manager. Their business consists in the construction of any class of buildings required, in furnishing material and in general contract work. They have built the new Ascension Episcopal church and other structures. They employ twenty men and furnish anything required from the foundation stone to the parlor ornament of a building. George and Ossina Low bought Lots 20 and 21, Block 2, (behind their own residence) and in the period between the fall of 1888 and the spring of 1889, they moved an old Stillwater train depot from downtown Stillwater (the new Union Depot had just been completed) to these lots and took out two mortgages of $800 and $1,000, with the Stillwater Building Association. They then arranged to have the old one-story depot (22 feet by 52 feet) which, they claimed on a building permit, had been 50 per -cent damaged by decay and moving, transformed by the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company into a dwelling at 807 South Second Street. In March of 1889 they sold the building to the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company. The transformed house ended up in the possession of the Lewis W. Clarke family. He was the city engineer for many years, and also worked in the construction of houses in the neighborhood.113 109 SAM 78, Roll 9; T Deeds 454; X Deeds 15; City of Stillwater Building Permit #345. 11° SAM 7, Roll 3; SAM 78, Roll 9; Z Deeds 53; K Mtgs 75; 1 Deeds 223; City of Stillwater Building Permit #426. 111 Z Deeds 407, 465; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 112 31 Deeds 148; 1894 Stillwater City Directory. 113 City of Stillwater Building Permit #385(B); 28 Deeds 219; X Mtgs 90,91. 47 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In May 1889, John Glaspie, a local real estate dealer who lived at 719 S. Third St., and his wife, Kate, bought Lots 9,10, & 11 from the Stillwater Construction and Furnishing Company for $900. The Glaspies must have had the home built at 808 South Second Street, for when they sold one-half the property to Frank and Augusta Grace in January of 1891, the price for the property had increased to $1,525; moreover the sale was subject to a lease with Horace W. Davis who was paying $15 a month rent.114 William McPherson bought Lots 12 and 13, Block 3, in October of 1874. The tax assessor's record for that same year lists a value of $1,400 for the lot and improvements — indicating a medium-sized house, which took the number, 814 South Second Street. McPherson worked for E.L. Hospes & Co, a hardware dealer in downtown Stillwater. In April of 1888, George Walters, a policeman and owner of the house, took out a building permit to repair the original house. According to the permit, the original house was one story, 22 feet wide by 38 feet deep. The proposed repairs were necessary because of "decay,' and would cost $90. They included a new roof and "repairing of outside of Building." In the winter of 1909, a new $150 front porch was added to the house.115 Mary and Patrick McGoldrick owned Lots 16, 17, 18, 19, and it appears they built a home which took the number 815 S. Second Street, in the early 1870's. In the 1877 Stillwater City Directory, Patrick McGoldrick is listed as living on the corner of Second and Churchill Streets. What happened to this first house is uncertain, but John and Kate Glaspie purchased Lots 18 & 19, Block 2, in 1891. John was, at this time, engaged in real estate and working out of his house at 719 South Third Street. Less than two years later, John died unexpectedly at age 49. Perhaps with the insurance money, Kate Glaspie had this $1,200, two-story house, 28 feet by 40 feet, built by the Stillwater Manufacturing Company in 1896. In 1910, the home's third owner, Daniel Doyle, added on a $400 front porch, and in 1919, a sleeping porch was added. This is a fancy version of a turn -of -the -century house in the Midwest — the kind of old house seen in Walt Disney movies. The front porch has capitals on the porch columns, dentils, fish scale shingles, brackets, stone pillars supporting the porch, recessed panels in the porch, and touches of gingerbread. The leaded glass sidelights on the front door and the six -sided door knobs; the spacious front hallway with fireplace; the newell post, stair rail spindles, and the radiators with ears are all typical of this period. The back stairs, second floor sleeping porches, and walk-up attic all indicate a typical Queen Anne style house of the 1890's. The owner has decorated the house in period colors and wallpapers, and furnished the house with furniture appropriate to its age. This house was used as a movie set for the movie, The Cure, made in 1994. It is easy to see why the movie makers, who specialize in illusion, were anxious to use this house to recreate a sense of the past in their movie.116 Samuel C. Norton purchased Lots 16 & 17 in August of 1880, and a month later, he took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association, which it appears he used to build the house at 819 S. Second Street. No sooner was it built then he sold it to Thomas Shattuck, a Stillwater policeman, who lived there for a number of years. When Shattuck bought the property and house, it was valued by the tax assessor at $1,100.117 The home at 822 South Second Street appears to be the second house built on Lots 14 & 15. The 1873 Tax Assessor's record indicates a house valued at $250 on Lot 15, along with a note the assessor penciled in "Weldon's house." The following year, the two lots are valued at $1,000 with the name "James Anderson" penciled in. Neither of these names are recorded in the deed books, indicating perhaps, that both were buyers with unrecorded contracts. In 1876, Christine and Charles Holcombe purchased the property and the house. In 1880, Charles Holcombe was elected Sheriff, and the family moved into the sheriff's residence of the Courthouse. But in 1892, the St. Croix Lumber Company of South Stillwater [Bayport] filed a lien against Charles Holcombe in the amount of $1,155.58 regarding the fact they had "delivered to one Charles P. Holcombe... between Oct 3 and Dec 15, 1891...lumber, sash, doors, and other building materials...which said materials were used by said Holcombe in and about the erection and construction of a dwelling house..." A City of Stillwater Building Permit 114 31 Deeds 456; 27 Deeds 575; 1894 Stillwater City Directory. 115 SAM 7, Roll 4; Y Deeds 266; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 273, 1371.. 116 Stillwater City Directories 1892-1894; City of Stillwater Building Permits #'s 901, 1382, 1751; 48 Deeds 309; 58 Deeds 572. 117 SAM 78, Roll 11, Roll 13; 5 Deeds 606; P Mtgs 219; 1887 Stillwater City Directory.. 48 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition #611 taken out on October 15, 1891, confirms the building of this house. The Permit lists the size as 32 feet by 32 feet, one -and -one-half stories high, costing $1,500. The builder was Sven Berglund.118 The house at 903 South Second Street has a very simple history. John Sullivan purchased Lot 28, Block 15, from Elizabeth Churchill in July of 1872. The tax assessor's record of 1873 lists a $250 house with the owner as John Sullivan. Sullivan is listed again in the 1887 Stillwater City Directory as a laborer, residing at 903 S. Second St.119 In the spring of 1872, Watson Hall, a painter, bought Lot 1, Block 14, from Mortimer Webster, a local real estate speculator and developer. During the summer he had built his $400 house that later took the number, 904 South Second Street. However, he did not pay his carpenters, R. G. Blanchard and Dan Robinson, and they filed a lien against Hall and his property. The total of the lien was $31.74, reckoned as a little over 10 days of skilled labor at $3. a day. In October, 1894, Herman Drews applied for a building permit to have William Beiging build him a house on the south side of Churchill between Second and Third - on Block 14, Lot 1. The house was to be two-story, 26 feet wide by 46 feet deep, and costing $1,700. (This house appeared to have had the number 117 E. Churchill Street.) On a December afternoon in 1904, there was a large fire in the house; the estimate of damage was $2,241.32. The owner at the time was J. F. Thoreen. A building permit confirmed the cost of repairing the damage at $600. In 1909, Thoreen spent $250 and had indoor plumbing installed: a toilet, sink and bath tub. Three years later, he spent $1,000 remodeling the house.'2o John Sullivan purchased Lot 27, Block 15 in the spring of 1882 for $200. Four years later, he sold it to his brother, Timothy Sullivan for the same $200. Timothy built the house that remains today at 905 South Second Street.121 John Blake, listed as a laborer, appears to have built the house at 910 South Second Street around 1875 before he actually obtained a Warranty Deed from Edmund Butts, an attorney and real estate speculator active in the neighborhood. The tax assessor put the value of the structure at about $200, a small value even for those days. By 1877, Blake is listed in the Stillwater City Directory as living on "2nd s. Churchill." In 1882, the property passed to Fred Scott, the proprietor of the North Star Pharmacy. In the spring of 1910, a building permit was taken out for $2,100 worth of work, among the items was to raise the ell and build porches. On a winter morning, shortly after the Christmas of 1917, there was a fire in the home; the loss was estimated at $808.11.122 Patrick & Betsey McCarthy purchased five lots: 22-26 from Emma Marsh in July of 1877, taking back a mortgage from her. He immediately built a good-sized house which we know today as 911 South Second Street. Patrick is listed as a "laborer." Seven years later, he sold off Lots 22,23,24 to Robert Siebert.123 The house at 914 South Second Street has an interesting early history. The S1/2 of Lot 4 and all of Lot 5, Block 14, was sold by A.M. Dodd, an attorney and real estate speculator in the neighborhood, to Lindsley C. Everett in November of 1874. In the spring of 1876, D. L. Burlingham, a house painter, filed a lien against A.L. Booth on this property for "...furnishing material and painting...100 yards with two coats at .17 cts..." The total of the lien was $17. But who was Booth? His name never shows up in the records. The lien itself makes the situation clear: Booth was in possession of the small house `under a Contract to purchase the same, and said house is situate upon land owned by L.C. Everett." Alas, it seems that Booth was never able to fulfill his Contract for his name does not appear in any subsequent land records.124 '18 SAM 78, Roll 9; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1 Deeds 273; A Liens 709. 19 SAM 78, Roll 9; X Deeds 30. 12° W Deeds 160; A Liens 82; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1877 Stillwater City Directory; Fire Department records; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 828, 1199, 1362, 1501. 121 7 Deeds 496; 19 Deeds 229. 122 1 Deeds 400; 8 Deeds 613; SAM 7, Roll 5; 1877, 1884 Stillwater City Directories; Fire Department records; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1525. 123 M Mtgs 208; 15 Deeds 133, 141; 1877 Stillwater City Directory; SAM 7, Roll 6. 124 SAM 7, Roll 5; Z Deeds 171; A Liens 143. 49 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Add _ 50 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In November of 1884, Robert & Catherine Siebert purchased Lots 22, 23, 24 for $700 from their neighbor - to -be, Patrick McCarthy. According to a building permit taken out in April of 1886, Robert Siebert, a carpenter, built them a rather lavish home costing $1,800 at 915 South Second Street. The house was two stories in height, 22 feet by 32 feet, with a 15-foot by 20-foot addition and a seven -and -one-half foot deep cellar that was 15 by 17 feet. The house was most likely financed with the aid of a mortgage they took out from the St. Croix Savings & Loan.125 Nelson Foster purchased Lots 6 & 7 on a Bond for Deed [Contract for Deed] in January of 1880. Two years later he took out a mortgage and built the house that has the number today, 920 South Second Street. In the fall of 1886, Foster took out a building permit to make an addition to the house. The builders were the Northey Brothers, busy local contractors. The addition was listed as 18 feet by 24 feet deep, one -and -a -half - stories; the cost was $800. The "architect" was listed as Mrs. D. F. Brown of Fort Madison, Iowa7126 Mortimer Webster sold Lots 20 & 21 to Michael S. Mockler in May of 1875, taking back a mortgage from Webster. The tax assessor's record for that year has a notation penciled in: "$600 added for house." This house would later, when numbers were assigned, become 1001 South Second Street. When Mockler died in 1881, his heirs sold the property back to Webster for $2,000.127 The house at 1004 South Second Street occupies Lots 8 & 9, Block 14. Mortimer Webster, a real estate dealer and developer, purchased the two lots for $900 in May of 1875. That is a high price for two lots in this area, and may indicate a house on one of the lots. A year and a half later, in December 1876, Webster sold one of the lots, Lot 9, to John Simmons for $1,500, surely indicating a house on the lot. Simmons sold the lot back to Webster, who in turn sold Lot 9 to Almina Kellogg in June of 1878 for $1,550. The following year, Almina purchased Lot 8 from Elizabeth Churchill. When was this house built? The tax assessor's records indicate the value of Lot 9 jumped from $100 to $1,100 between 1875 and 1877.128 The present house at 1007 South Second Street is apparently the second house at this address. There is a record of a fire in 1912 at this address; a fire that started at 4:00 in the morning, and caused $1,800 in damage. The present house was, according to the building permit, built in 1922 by a local carpenter, Henry Mohr, according to plans provided by the Bluff City Lumber Company. The $4,500, one -and -a -half story house was 26 feet by 32 feet with cedar shingles on the roof and stucco on the outside walls. The owner at the time was Jim Settlemeyer.129 The present house at 1008 South Second Street is, surprisingly, the third house to have this address. The first house was built about 1876 by a man named Merit Smith, and according to a building permit taken out in April of 1887, the original house was one-story, 22 feet by 22 feet, with a hip roof, and kitchen addition on the rear. The second house was built in 1890 by local contractors, Bieging & Schmidt for $700. It too was a small house: one-story, 32 feet by 30 feet. The owner was most likely Merit Smith whose name appears on the building permit as "architect." The third — and present — house was built in 1918 by a carpenter named John Peters for the owner, M. C. Mosier. Like its predecessors, it was a small house: one-story, 26 feet by 40 feet, with a peaked roof and maple stairs.130 It is not clear from the existing records exactly who built the home at 1012 South Second Street. From the tax assessor's records, it would appear that this house on the S1/2 of Lot 11 and Lot 12 was built about 1882. We also find a Warranty Deed dated August, 1882, in which Winfield & Althea Moore buy the S1/2 of Lot 11 and the N3/ of Lot 12 from Samuel Packard for $1,575, a value surely indicating a house on the property. It does not appear either Packard, who was a bridge tender, nor the Moores ever lived in the house. A building addition permit taken out in September of 1886 by the then -owner of the house, Mathew Butler, a mail carrier, notes that 125 15 Deeds 141; X Mtgs 8; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #9 '26 F Bonds 258; Q Mtgs 36; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 143. 127 1 Deeds 28; K Mtgs 288; 8 Deeds 476; SAM 7, Roll 4. 128 1 Deeds 27, 279, 584; 5 Deeds 524; SAM 7, Roll 5; SAM 7, Roll 6. 129 City of Stillwater Building Permit #1912; Stillwater Fire Dept. records. 13° City of Stillwater Building Permits #'s 198, 494, 1684; 12 Deeds 556; Yearly tax assessors records for the 1870's. 51 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition the original two-story house cost about $600. Butler was spending $200 to add "porch in front — slight changes in the interior of house & general repairs." The builder is listed as L. W. Clarke, who appears to have dabbled in construction when not occupied with his job as city engineer. In the spring of 1913, when Andrew Hanson was the owner, a $1,000 worth of remodeling was done, including a new kitchen.131 Mortimer Webster, a local developer and real estate speculator, sold Frederick & Thekla Kern Lot 17 and the S1/2 of Lot 18, Block 15 in August of 1879 for $1,400 — a price that would indicate there was a house on the lot. The Kerns, in turn, sold the property to Joseph Pecha for $1,300 in September of 1880. The 1881 Tax Assessor's record notes a house on the lot. Today that house has the number, 1013 South Second Street.132 Edmund Butts, a local attorney and real estate dealer, sold Lots 15 & 16 to Thomas Organ on a Bond for Deed in June of 1873, receiving a Warranty Deed about nine months later. There is no indication he built upon his lots, but in 1882 he sold the property to Margaret Organ, who within the year built the house that remains at 1017 South Second Street. In the summer of 1886, a $225 one -and -a -half story stable, 20 feet by 24 feet, was built on the property.133 For $560 Samuel Packard sold the S3/ of Lot 13 and all of Lot 14, Block 14, to Frederick Wilman on a Warranty Deed in September of 1883. The following month, Wilman, a jeweler, received a mortgage from the Stillwater Building Association. He had the house at 1018 South Second Street built, and lived there (happily?) for years.134 SOUTH THIRD STREET Discontent at living out near Lily Lake, far from downtown, the Irish born John & Mary O'Shaughnessy, aged 31 and 29, purchased Lots 28, 29, 30, Block 3, on a Warranty Deed for $500 in June of 1870, taking back a mortgage from the seller. Within a year, the tax assessor records a substantial $800 house on Lot 29 taking the number, 703 South Third Street. By 1880, there were two parents, eight children, two boarders, and a servant living in the house. John O'Shaughnessy was a prosperous dealer in boots and shoes. He was also, at one time, an agent for the new Singer Sewing Machine company, the Cascade Clothes Washer and the Cunard Mail Line Steamship Company. A small note in the Stillwater newspaper, The Republican, dated November 3, 1870, reads "Mr. J. O'Shaughnessy is this week moving into his new house out on Third Street. It is quite a tastefully built residence. We notice quite a number of new houses in that neighborhood. The suburbs are building up rapidly." The family lived there over 50 years. In 1925, James O'Shaughnessy spent $3,600 to rearrange the interior of the house. The 13th child of this family, Ignatius Aloysius O'Shaughnessy, was to make his fortune in oil, and become a leading philanthropist of Minnesota some 75 years later.135 David and Margaret Tozer bought Lots 1, 2 & 3, Block 4, from Edmund and Augusta Butts in April of 1868 for $300. David was age 45 at this time, a prosperous lumberman who believed in owning real estate. As the careful reader will note, Tozer was an early investor in the South Hill, buying a number of lots in this immediate area in the late 1860's before the Courthouse and Central School were built. On most of his lots he built rental property, but on these particular lots he built his own rather (for the day) sumptuous brick house in 1874, a house valued about $2,500 by the tax assessor. In the fall of 1888, Tozer took out a building permit to allow Sven Berglund, a local carpenter and contractor, to build a $1,000, one-story, 18-foot-by-29-foot addition (with a porch in front) to the house to serve as a library. Like the original house, this addition would be brick 131 10 Deeds 445, 505; SAM 78, Roll 13; City of Stillwater Building Permit #124. 132 5 Deeds 307; 8 Deeds 247; SAM 78, Roll 11. 133 E Bonds 21; Z Deeds 71; 10 Deeds 91; Stillwater Bldg Permit #87. 134 12 Deeds 270; S Mtgs 521 135 T Deeds 237; I Mtgs 15; SAM 78, Roll 8; History of Holcombe's Additions Residential Area by Donald Empson, p.97; 1877 Stillwater City Directory; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, family # 103; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2101. 52 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition veneer. The size of the original house is noted in the permit as being two-story, 28 feet by 30 feet with a hip roof. This estate, which came to include lots 27-30 behind the house, took the number 704 South Third Street. In 1936, in the midst of the great depression, David's daughter, Olive Waldref, paid local contractor Edwin Olsen, almost $11,000 for " complete remodeling of present building both inside & exterior, addition of 9x10 to main building and a 20x20 garage, also new." David Tozer was born in New Brunswick; his wife's family was from Scotland by way of Canada. In 1880, they had four children living in the house with them: David, Jr., 16; Ford, 9; Julia, 6; and Olive, 3. There were in addition two servants: Amelia Gaudiere, 19 and John Parant, 22.136 George & Sarah Rooney bought Lots 4 to 7, Block 4, on a Warranty Deed in June 1868. In September and October of 1875, they hired Oliver Belisle at $2.75 per day (skilled carpentry cost $2.75-$3 a day) to help him build a house that later took the number, 712 South Third Street. Belisle worked 9% days for $25.43. The tax assessor's value of $1,680 on the lots and house would certainly indicate a good-sized home. George is listed in the 1877 City Directory as a teamster. The 1880 Census lists the Canadian -born George as one of three families living in a single residence; with him are his daughters, Irma and Florence, and his sons, George and Lee. James Brotherton, a boarder, is also sharing the household. What happened to this first house on the lot is uncertain, but in the summer of 1914, Robert McGarry, who had been living in the old house, contracted with local contractor, Frank Linner & Co. to build a new house on the lot. According to the building permit, the $4,000 house was to be two-story, 30 feet by 32 feet, with a cement basement.137 There was a house on Lots 26 & 27, Block 3, as early as 1872 when the tax assessor noted a $300 improvement, with the word "house" penciled in. John McCarthy, one-time Postmaster of Stillwater, lived in this house, which took the number 713 S. Third Street, for over two decades. Today the two lots are occupied by a newer house built in 1939 that takes the number 715 South Third Street. Emil Johnson was the owner, and apparently the builder of this newer house, which, according to the building permit, cost $3,500. The original house was a small house, 22 feet by 34 feet, one-story, with oak flooring.138 The history of this house is uncertain. Lots 4 to 7 were in the hands of George & Sarah Rooney (see 712 South Third Street) until the 1880's. The early tax assessor's record for 1870 indicates there is a $500 house on Lot 7; today the house occupying Lots 6 & 7 is 718 South Third Street. It could be the Rooney's built this house first, then rented it while they built 712 South Third Street. In the spring of 1897, there were, according to a building permit, substantial changes made to this house. The ell part was moved from the south side to end of the building, and a new porch was added in front and a small porch in the rear.139 The 1872 Stillwater Tax Assessor's record indicates a $200 improvement on Lots 24 & 25, Block 3, with the word "house" penciled in. Allen & Martha Arnold were the owners of the property, but two years later, in August of 1874, they sold the property to a single man, Charles McKenzie for $800. The 1877 Stillwater City Directory lists Charles McKenzie, a laborer, living on the corner of 3rd & Locust streets, while Daniel McKenzie, a mill hand, was living on the east side of 3r1, south of Goodwood [Willard] which would fit the number 719 S. Third Street. In July of 1888, Charles McKenzie, still single and living in Duluth, sold the property to John & Kate Glaspie for $1,625, a price that indicates there was a house on the two lots. However, what house there may have been was demolished, for a building permit taken out in September of 1888 details a new house being constructed for John Glaspie on these two lots. This new house, which remains today, was two stories in height, 35 feet by 48 feet, and valued at $5,000, a very expensive house for the time. At the same time, Glaspie also had a $1,000 one -and -a -half story barn, 22 feet by 27 feet, constructed as well as a $200 wood shed. The contractor for all three was Thomas Sutherland, who lived only a short distance away at 1009 S. Fourth Street. Sutherland ++built several other houses in the neighborhood. (see index) In 1921, local carpenter, Emil Bieging was paid $350 to put hardwood floors on the first floor. 140 16 S Deeds 377; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; 1880 Federal Census of Stillwater, family #126; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 371, 2436, 2444. 133 S Deeds 451; A Liens 127; 8 Deeds 42; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1880 Federal Census of Stillwater, family #228-3; City of Stillwater Building Permit #1569. 136 SAM 5, Roll 2; 8 Deeds 325; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2567. 136 S Deeds 451; SAM 7, Roll 2; City of Stillwater Building Permit #928. 14° SAM 5, Roll 2; Z Deeds 307; 24 Deeds 554; City of Stillwater Building Permit #'s 357, 367, 368, 1820. 53 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 4..r1 cd 4 0 -p PC1 7 00 oi, 00 C.0 • 00 Ci 0 +a (1) cia czi E-I p 0 n a, ..0 • ai ,--2) —8't • 1-.; 0 +a • .-1 tn- — 43 O - 04 g .,.. Tis „r4 g a) ^-, c) C.) ''' • C1) • cl) ‘ • ''• :.t 0 Cr el Ct/ 0 .±4 $.1 0 S.. P) QV "ti 0 W 4 ' .4• 4 Q tn tu) ,4 (:) .1 • 'XI el) a) +a 7:11 "'-' cd .i.4 g ci) 0 0 E." g 0 cti Q cn 0 '"'• `4.-- 0 0 cdc/30,040CnQ —8 -o cn 1 4 q) ;.1 ---, 11' 'fa 0 .2•-• • i s... 0 0 (...) A CD-41Vgfil H151111111Y BlE111111,011 /.:. 11,fiff41,1PPNE74411iiiill 54 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 00 0,5 a) ;44 kr; N °O o © 0 -0 GO 6-1 Amet (i) al a) 0 co 0 0 k ••••4 ct om0 0 (0 5 — 0 0 up GO 4 "4 ci5 1.0 0 00 En 4 0 >1 0 0 0 44 -1•D -P .P4 „I —8 ,mt . t- 0 a) • q C.n CI VD '4--• C.) ° Ee LCD co 0 etZ C4•1 C41 0 -p al "0 0 C) • ,9, .w a) 2 i•4 o ta( ',"4 • to 0 ci) k 01 ;-1 00 0 cs') 0 4.1 0.4 55 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In 1878, David Tozer, a lumberman who lived down the block at 704 S. Third, bought Lots 21, 22, 23, Block 3, for $100 per lot, or $300 total. In 1880, he built moderate size rental houses at 801 South Third Street, 805 South Third Street, 807 South Third Street, one on each lot. The properties remained in his possession until after the turn of the century. On New Year's Day, 1905, at 2:20 in the morning, a major fire severely damaged the house at 801 South Third Street. Michael Welsh was the tenant at that time, and the damage was estimated at $1,244.40. It took the fire department one -and -one-half hours to put out the blaze.141 J.M. Knight secured a Warranty Deed to Lots 8,9, & 10, Block 4, from Elizabeth Churchill in May of 1873 for $375, the price of the lots alone. The 1871 Stillwater Gazette, in listing the improvements in the city, noted a residence worth $1,600 had been built on Third Street by J. M. Knight. Five years later Wilmot A. Hursey bought those same three lots and the house at 804 South Third Street for $1,400. In the summer of 1902, according to a building permit, Adolph Sprich, a local carpenter, increased the size of the house with a $1,500 "two addition by build to the old Building also a new Roof to be constructet and the second floor have entirely new Walls on the Outside." Late in the evening of May 14, 1909, when John J. Kilty owned the property, a barn on the lots burned with a loss of $921.142 The house at 808 South Third Street is mostly on Lot 10, Block 4. That lot was variously in the hands of J.M. Knight and Wilmot Hursey who built and occupied the home at 804 South Third Street. In May of 1889, Wilmot & Mary Hursey applied for a permit to have the Northey Brothers, local contractors, build him a house at 808 South Third Street. The house was quite expensive: $1,600; it was two stories, 26 feet wide and 46 feet deep. The cellar was to be seven feet deep, 14 feet by 14 feet. It was not until 1893 that the exact dimensions of the present property were pieced together, when Mary Hursey sold Lot 10 to William Chalmers, and Christine Jackson sold the north 5 feet of Lot 11 to William Chalmers.143 In August of 1872, Edmund Butts, a real estate dealer in the neighborhood, sold Lydia and George Gaslin, Lot 20, Block 3, for $100. The following year, the tax assessor noted an $800 house, which later took the number 811 South Third St. on the lot, indicating a good-sized home. However, an article in the Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871, on improvements throughout the city notes, on Third Street, the "Geo Gaslin residence $1,000" The Gaslins owned the property for the next decade, but they are not listed in the Stillwater City Directories of that period, suggesting the house was rental property. That house was apparently either demolished or moved, for a building permit taken out in November of 1902 details a new house on this lot built by contractor Eugene Schmidt for the owner, James W. Foley who lived next door. The new house was to be built 20 feet wide and 44 feet deep at a cost of $7,500. The cellar was to be under the entire house.i44 The article in the Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871, on improvements in the city also notes, after listing all the improvements, 'We understand that a very large number of buildings will be erected next season - possibly a larger number than this season. In looking up our building statistics for the season just closing, we find in numberless instances only cellars dug and in some cases, foundations laid, with an ell erected, sufficient for the temporary accommodation of the family, the intention being, in nearly every case to complete the buildings next year. In this respect there will be more money expended in buildings and permanent improvements next season than this." In April of 1896, William Chalmers sold Lot 19, Block 3, to James W. Foley on a Warranty Deed for $350, a price that indicates there was no building on the lot. Foley, a bookkeeper, built his home at 813 South Third Street on the lot the same year. According to the building permit, the contractors were Adolph Sprich and 14' SAM 78, Roll 11; 1 Deeds 619; 60 Deeds 478; fire department records. 142 Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871; X Deeds 315; 1 Deeds 486; Fire Dept. records; City of Stillwater Building permit # 1072. 143 35 Deeds 521, 558; 144 SAM 78, Roll 9; X Deeds 83; Washington County Tax Assessor's office; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1088. 56 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Eugene Schmidt; the cost of the house was estimated at $1,650. It was to be two stories high, and approximately 30 feet by 35 feet.145 SPRICH & SCHMIDT, MANUFACTURERS OF Office, Store, Bank & Saloon Fixtures, Show Cases, Mantels and Side Boards, Parquet Floors Architectural Designs to Order. Levee, Foot of Nelson St., Stillwater, Minn. The Swedish -born August & Christine Jackson bought Lot 11, Block 4, in July of 1876, and Lot 12, Block 4, two years later in August of 1878. Jackson, who was born in 1850, was a carpenter and contractor, and it is quite likely that he personally built this home at 814 South Third Street in 1877. By 1880, they had five children under the age of six, as well as a boarder, living in the house with them. In the spring of 1886, Jackson built a $200 one -and -a -half story stable, 26 feet by 18 feet deep on his property.146 The first home at 821 South Third Street originally had the house number, 743 South Third Street. William Foran, a raftsman, and later a foreman for Isaac Staples, purchased Lots 16,17,18, 19 for the astounding price of $2,400, which included an $850 house on Lot 16. That high price for these lots is reflected in subsequent annual tax assessor's records. Foran lived in a house at the address, 743 South Third Street, in the 1880's. In the summer of 1895, this house was moved south to Block 1, Lot 20, of Marsh's Addition. (Today this is the location of a newer house built in 1955 at 1117 Fifth Street South). In its place, William Chalmers, president of the St. Croix Lumber Company, had a $3,500 house built by local contractors Adolph Sprich and Eugene Schmidt. According to the building permit, the house was to be 28 feet by 42 feet, two stories, with a cellar floor of concrete.147 The original house at 822 South Third Street was built around 1870, but the first person to own the house for any length of time was Mary Capron. The present building is a amalgamation, but it appears most of the elements (turret, dentils, brackets, porch pediment) date from the turn of the century. Whether a second house was built, or the present building dates from 1870, I cannot say. In a shuffle of buildings in the summer of 1912, Walter Johnson, who had a fancy grocery store at 1003 South Third Street, moved the house on the corner, 903 South Third Street, one lot south where the house took the new house number, 905 South Third Street. On the now -vacated corner lot, he had a store built, which took the number, 901 South Third Street. (Today it is the Stillwater Apostolic Church). According to the building permit, the concrete block structure was to cost $3,000, be two-story, 30 feet by 60 feet, with a flat tar gravel roof. Over the years, it has had many uses, but its initial use was as the grocery store of Walter Johnson who took up residence next door at 905 South Third Street.148 145 46 Deeds 9; 1905 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit #889. 146 1 Deeds 203; 5 Deeds 52; 1877 And 1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Federal Census of Stillwater, family # 123; City of Stillwater Building Permit #22. 147 SAM 78, Roll 9; X Deeds 103; 1877 & 1884 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permits #854 & 859. 148 City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1504; see also entry at 905 South Third Street. 57 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition David Tozer, a lumberman and real estate speculator, who built a number of houses in this neighborhood — and lived for many years at 704 South Third Street — purchased Lots 1 & 2, Block 13, in August of 1873. Within a year, he had built a classic cubed Italianate house with its typical hip roof that was to take the number, 904 South Third Street. The Tax Assessor, making his rounds in 1874, penciled in a note "$1000 added for house." But it appears the house was enlarged (or finished) shortly thereafter, for in May of 1875, Tozer leased the property "together with the dwelling house thereon" to Frank and Mary Joy. The couple were both Yankees from Maine, then in their early '30's. The rent on the house was $20 per month, however, the lease stipulated, Joy could purchase the house for $2,400 any time within two years — less the amount of rent already paid. Joy also got permission to build a stable on the two lots. But it was March of 1878 before Joy received the Warranty Deed on his purchase. By 1880, the couple had comfortably settled in with no children, but a 20-year-old Irish servant, Katie Moarity, looked after them. In the late 1880's Frank Joy was president of the Stillwater Construction & Furnishing Company, who did a good deal of business in this immediate neighborhood.149 Later he went into the real estate and insurance business. D.L. Burlingham purchased Lot 27 & 28 in June of 1871 from J.M. & Sarah Knight. He paid the very large sum of $1,065 for the two lots. The 1872 tax assessor's record notes a $800 house on the two lots. The Stillwater Gazette, in a list of improvement printed in its November 14, 1871, issue, notes a new residence by D. L. Burlingham on Third Street. The value is given as $1,200. The key to the large sale price may be that Burlingham took back a mortgage for the amount of the sale from the Knights, in other words, the Knights perhaps had provided the financing for a house which later took the number, 905 South Third Street on the lots. Burlingham was at this time, a house painter; later he went into the business of selling books, stationery, and news magazines. But just as in a mystery novel, when you think you have solved the issue, a new clue comes up. A building permit taken out in June of 1912 records that Walter Johnson, who had a fancy grocery store at 1003 South Third Street, moved the house that was on Lot 28 (today the site of the Stillwater Apostolic Church) — which had the number, 903 South Third Street — to Lot 27 .where it took the new number 905 South Third Street, and became the new residence of Walter Johnson. Thus it would appear the present house at 905 South Third Street is the second house on that lot, and its history would be that of the house previously at 903 South Third — a house that was also built by D.L. Burlingham in the 1870's.150 D. L. BURLINGHAM, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Boos StationerBlank Office Supplies, Artists' Materials, Magazines. and Periodicals of all Kinds. 209 S: MAIN ST., STILLWATER. Edward Stewart, a lumberman, obtained the Warranty Deed for Lots 3 & 4, Block 13, in the spring of 1874, and, the tax assessor's record indicates, built a home soon afterwards. When house numbers were assigned a decade later, this house took the number, 910 South Third Street. The present house on these two lots, 906 South Third Street, was built in 1906 by Frank Linner & Co. for Mrs. Ida Johnson. The house cost $3,000, was 30 feet by 40 feet with a mansard roof. It also had indoor plumbing: two water closets, two wash basins, one enameled iron sink and a bath tub.151 149 X Deeds 382; 1 Deeds 510; E Bonds 243; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877, 1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Federal Census of Stillwater, family # 129. 15° T Deeds 694; SAM 7, Roll 3; 1877, 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1503. "I X Deeds 559; Z Deeds 379; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1887 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater Building permit #'s 1269, 1271. 58 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition While there are always some old houses that are difficult to document, the house at 907 South Third Street is not one of them. Thanks to two liens filed against the home, we get an extraordinary vision of building a house in Stillwater in the 1870's. After passing through several owners, Harlow McIntyre purchased Lots 25 & 26, Block 14, in September 1877 for $400. Six months later, he took out a mortgage, $1,000 at 6 per -cent, from the Stillwater Building Association. It is uncertain where he spent his mortgage money, but apparently it did not go to those who built his house. William May, a contractor and builder living on Sixth and Pine Streets, filed a lien for $239.75 against the property. This amount, which is itemized, represents May's labor at the skilled rate of $3 a day, and his crew's labor at the rate of either $2.25 or $2.50 a day. May and his crew worked to build this house from June 20 to July 16, 1878. It took 95 man/work days to build this house over a period of 35 calendar days for a labor cost of $239.75. In November of 1878, Seymour & Sabin Company, a local lumber dealer and manufacturing company also filed a lien against the property for "Lumber and Woodenware, Doors, Sash and Blinds" which is a detailed list of items sold between April 24 and Sept 28, 1877 for the house. Among the many items listed, some are particularly interesting: flight of stairs $18, front door frame and transom $3, 5 windows for bay windows, 12x36 $12.50, 2 window frames for privy $1.50, 32 feet cove molding .96, laying chimneys $37.50, 1040 yards of plaster $156.00, 18 fence posts $2.25, 1 pair folding doors 7'6" x 8'6" $12, front door 4'8" x 7'6" glass panel $13. The total amount of the materials was $1,253.17. If you add together the labor and materials, you can see the total bill for constructing this house was in excess of $1,500, making it a substantial house for its day. In May of 1886, Judd Orff, the current owner, added a large one -and -a -half story stable to the lOts.152 James Gillespie purchased the N-1/2 of Lot 23, and all of Lot 24 from Alfred Marcel in September of 1880. Six years later, he took out a mortgage, with which it appears he built his house at 913 South Third Street. (For a time, this house had the number, 915 South Third Street.)153 In the 1874 Tax Assessor's record, there is a penciled note on Lot 5, Block 13: "$300 added for house." Henry Prince, a real estate dealer, purchased Lots 5, 6, & 7 in April of 1872. It appears he added a small structure, or perhaps a partial house, to Lot 5 before he sold the lot to Isadore Belisle in the fall of 1875 for $400. (Or perhaps Belisle had an unrecorded Contract under which he built the house.) Two years later, Belisle sold the property to Francis Revoir, a laborer, who is listed in the 1877 Stillwater City Directory as living at this location. The 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater (family #111) lists Francis, age 60, and his wife, Mary, age 58; both of them were born in Canada. They had a son, Prosper, age 20, and a daughter, Mary, age 16, living with them. Today that house has the number, 916 South Third Street.154 Francis Revoir owned Lot 6 as well as Lot 5 (see 916 South Third Street above). In 1887, he sold this lot to Lawson Dailey; in 1905 Dailey sold it to James C. Sullivan. At some point, one of these three owners built 918 South Third Street.155 Michael Gillespie bought his property in October of 1879; the following June he took out a mortgage with the Stillwater Building Association and built his home at 919 South Third Street. In his later years, Gillespie was a dealer in wood and coal.156 The Allard family built this home at 920 South Third Street around 1880.157 It appears from the records that 1001 South Third Street was built about 1880. It was in the Rivard family. John Gieriet purchased Lots 8 & 9, Block 13, in June of 1876, and he built a substantial house — which later took the number, 1002 South Third Street — within a year. Apparently his residence was in question, for '52 1 Deeds 394; N Mtgs 228; A Liens 195, 221; Stillwater Bldg Permit #35. 153 5 Deeds 589; X Mtgs 344; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. "'X Deeds 212; Y Deeds 636; 1 Deeds 449; SAM 7, Roll 4. 15519 Deeds 472; 60 Deeds 418. 1565 Deeds 253; P Mtgs 118; 1881-2, 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 15215 Deeds 258; SAM 78, Roll 11. 59 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The house of David Tozer, one of the lumber barons, at 704 S. Third Street (below), and the house of Granvill W. Smith, Chief of Police, at 1002 S. Third Street (above). Both photographs were most likely taken in the 1890's. Notice the cribs protecting the young boulevard trees. Photographs Courtesy Washington County Historical Society. 60 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition in 1877, he filed a homestead declaration on his property. John ran a "saloon and billiards" on the corner of Main and Chestnut Streets.158 According to a building permit application dated in December of 1891, Prosper N. Rivard wished to add to his original building at 1003 South Third Street — which was one-story, 18 feet wide and 26 feet deep — a $75 one-story addition 12 feet by 16 feet. This addition was to be used as a store. In March 1901, he spent $400 for more living and store space in an 18-foot by 20-foot, two-story addition. The first floor ceiling was to be of iron. In 1912, this was the store of Walter Johnson who subsequently moved to 901 South Third Street. Lots 20, 21, 22 were owned by Rivard family.159 Thomas Sutherland, a Canadian -born contractor and builder, along with his wife, Susan, purchased this property in the fall of 1881, and built a house at 1006 South Third Street soon afterward. Sutherland lived for a time behind this house at 1009 South Fourth Street. He also lived at other addresses in this immediate neighborhood. In 1894, Sutherland moved to Hutchinson, Minnesota. The house was purchased by Frederick Swenson who hired a local contractor, Baird & Johnson, to raise the roof of the house and add a second story on for a cost of $200.160 Lawson Dailey, a carpenter, purchased Lots 18 & 19 in July of 1881. It appears he built the houses a 1007 South Third Street and 1009 South Third Street soon after his purchase. Dailey, who lived at 704 South Second Street, apparently built these as rental houses. In 1920, Frank Linner & Co., local contractors, did $3,000 worth of remodeling on 1009 South Third Street, including a 10 x 16 foot addition in the rear and new floors inside.161 Henry Prince, a local real estate speculator, sold Lot 11, Block 13 to Louis Billoou in the spring of 1876. At the end of the summer, Louis took out a mortgage with the St. Croix Lumber Company and built a small house that has the number, 1010 South Third Street today.162 In November of 1883, Lawson Dailey bought Lot 17, Block 14, from Alice E. Castle. He built the house at 1013 South Third Street within a year. Like 1007 and 1009 South Third Street, this was one of his rental houses.163 Edmund Butts, an attorney and local real estate speculator, sold Lot 12, Block 13, to Alexander Durocher in September, 1877. Durocher, a carpenter, must have built his house — which took the number, 1014 South Third Street — almost immediately for he is listed in the 1877 Stillwater City Directory at that location.164 The history of the house at 1019-1021 South Third Street (Lots 15 & 16, Block 14) is difficult to decipher. The 1873 Tax Assessor's record has a penciled note added to Lots 11-17, Block 14: "Pages House." The value of the house is given as $150. The following year, the value of just Lot 16 is given at $1,280 with a penciled note: "$1,100 added for house." The owner is given as Mortimer Webster, a real estate speculator in the neighborhood. By 1877, the value of these two lots is noted by the tax assessor as $2,200 — indicating a quite large house — and the owner is listed as Amanda Paige. However, the first recorded deed on this property is in June of 1879 when Elizabeth Churchill sold the lots to Louise and Sturgess Selleck who took up residence there. Sturgess and Louise were from the East; he from Connecticut, she from Ohio. The 1880 Census lists him as being 55; she as 52. They have a daughter and a grandson living with them as well as (a sign of prosperity perhaps) two servants. Most likely the earlier transactions were in the form of unrecorded contracts or bonds for deed. Churchill often had trouble paying the taxes on her lots, and it is not possible to record a deed if there are 158 1 Deeds 191; E Bonds 496; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1877 Stillwater City Directory. 159 City of Stillwater Building Permits #636, #1025 16° 0 Deeds 413; SAM 78, Roll 13; 1894 Stillwater City Directory; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, Family #137; City of Stillwater Building permit #806. 161 SAM 78, Roll 11; R Deeds 72; City of Stillwater Building Permit #1795. 162 1 Deeds 179; M Mtgs 5; 1884 Stillwater City Directory. 163 SAM 78, Roll 13; 12 Deeds 357. 164 1 Deeds 434 61 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition unpaid. taxes. Louise Selleck sold the property to Alice E. Castle in October of 1882. An 1899 building permit notes that the owners were spending about $700 on a new addition and repairs to the main building.165 Daniel O'Neil purchased Lots 13 & 14 from attorney and real estate speculator, Edmund Butts in May of 1875. In August of the same year, he took a mortgage from Seymour, Sabin & Co., a lumber dealer and manufacturing concern in Stillwater. Two years later, in 1877, the tax assessor placed a value of $1,050 on Lot 14, indicating a substantial house on this property. When house numbers were assigned in the mid-1880's, this house took the number, 1022 South Third Street.166 SOUTH FOURTH STREET he unclear history of the house at 704 S. Fourth Street begins with the Stillwater Gazette of November 14, 1871. Under a listing of improvements on Fourth Street for the year, there is a note: A. Caplazie $500. Albert Caplazi bought Lots 1 & 2, Block 5 from Elizabeth Churchill in 1871 on a Bond for Deed (similar to our Contract for Deed), followed by a Warranty Deed in 1872. `Albert Caplazi built a house on the southwest corner of Fourth and Willard and at one time had a dairy of about 15 cows, until the herd law went into effect about 1885 when the cows were not allowed to run at large, many in the neighborhood came and got their milk fresh at milking time, morning and evening."167 When the herd law went into effect, Caplazi opened a grocery store on the corner at 702 S. Fourth Street while living next door at 706 S. Fourth Street. Caplazi and his wife, Chetien, had emigrated from Switzerland. They had, in 1880, three children: Paul, 12, Rosa, 10, Ottelie, 4. In the summer of 1941, a new residence was constructed on these two lots by local contractor, George Olson. The cost was estimated at $6,000; the owner was Mrs. Ethel Gower.168 Lots 26-28, Block 4, were purchased by David Tozer in November of 1868 for $200. He built two rental homes on the lots that took the numbers 713 South Fourth Street and 715 South Fourth Street. Tozer, a successful lumberman, lived in the neighborhood at 704 South Third Street. He built several rental houses in the area; they remained in his ownership until after the turn of the century.169 Henry Desteffany purchased Lot 5, Block 5 in November of 1874, and it appears that his one -and -a -half story house, 20 x 26 feet, at 716 S. Fourth, was built soon afterwards. Henry worked as a clerk for a local lumber company. In 1888, local contractors, the Northey Brothers, constructed a large $700 addition that matched the size of the original house.17o John Sinclair, a logger, bought Lots 24 & 25 in October, 1874. By 1877, the tax assessor's value of the lots had risen from $480 to $1,150, indicating a home of the property. This house at 719 South Fourth Street was home to James A. Sinclair and Tillie Sinclair, as well as Mr. & Mrs. John Sinclair.'71 168 5 Deeds 419; 10 Deeds 480; 1881-82 Stillwater City Directory; SAM 78, Roll 9; SAM 7, Roll 4; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, family #112; Stillwater Bldg Permit #983 '66 1 Deeds 26; K Mtgs 357; 1877 Stillwater City Directory. t67 Paul Caplazi, unpublished manuscript, 1944, in the Stillwater Public Library. 168 D Bonds 272; Z Deeds 75; 1877, 1881-82, 1884, 1887 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2632 168 S Deeds 543; SAM 7, Roll 5. 17° Z Deeds 147; 1877 & 1881-82 Stillwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permit #374. 171 1 Deeds 54; SAM 7, Roll 5; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1884 Stillwater City Directory. 62 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition In 1878, Morris and Bridget Quinlan, who owned Lots 6 & 7, Block 5, on what today we would call a Contract for Deed, built a home that took the number, 720 S. Fourth Street. Quinlan obtained a Warranty Deed to the lots from Emma and Fayette Marsh in August of 1880. In 1932, the interior of the house was extensively remodeled with new floors, new stairs, and new doors.172 From the tax assessor's records, it appears 724 S. Fourth Street was built in 1878 when the value of Lots 6 & 7 was put at $750. The lots, however, were in Fayette Marsh's name, indicating that whoever built the house had a Contract for Deed (unrecorded) interest in the property rather than possessing a Warranty Deed. No other information is available.173 Anna Maloy obtained a Warranty Deed on Lots 22 & 23 in May of 1873 from Elizabeth Churchill, but it appears she had already built a house on the lots. The Stillwater Gazette in its listing of improvements in the city, noted a house built in Nelson's Field (as the South Hill was then called) by Mrs. Maloy worth $900. The tax assessor's record, less enthusiastic, has the note, "$300 house" penciled in. When house numbers were later assigned in the 1880's, this house took the number, 801 South Fourth Street. By the time, the house number was assigned, the house was in the possession of the Patrick Barron family who lived there for quite a while.174 For the historian, lists of improvements like that in the Stillwater Gazette are invaluable in determining the dates of these very old houses. We have to thank the Editor who did not regard compiling this listing as an easy task: "This task of collecting and arranging this mass of statistics has occupied the greater part of our time during the past two weeks, and the perplexities and annoyances attending it is known only to one who has tried it. In many cases, we have encountered ignorant property owners, cautious and mulish who smelt taxes in the dim future and much smooth talk and explanation were necessary to convince them that our object was only to show to the public a careful exhibit of the permanent growth and prosperity of our city, and that in no case would our figures be used as a basis of taxation. Even then, we have frequently been compelled to resort to estimates which, in, all cases, are the most careful obtainable." New Brunswick natives, John and Elizabeth Mealey, built their house at 802 S. Fourth Street on Lot 8, Block 5, in 1871 when it was listed among a number of improvements in Nelson's Field. According to a building permit, this original house was one-story, 24 feet by 24 feet, with a 16 by 20 foot -ell. It had a 10 by 16-foot cellar. In 1886, William May, a local carpenter, added a porch and bay window after moving the house 8 feet west on the lot. The following year, another carpenter, Michael Carroll, constructed a $210, 18 by 20-foot addition to the house to be used as a kitchen. John Mealey was a Stillwater policeman, and he and his family lived in the home until 1903.175 In 1878, According to the yearly tax assessor's records, F. Schwartz built a $500 house that today has the number, 806 S. Fourth Street. However, Schwartz never received a Warranty Deed to the property so the extent of his tenure cannot be traced. In April of 1883, Joseph and Wilhelmina Link purchased the house and property. He was a bartender when the couple took up residence there in the early 1880's. For a time, the house had the number 730 S. Fourth Street.176 The Irish-born couple, Timothy and Abbie Kilty, bought Lots 20 & 21, Block 4, in September 1871. His new house is noted in a list of improvements published in the Stillwater Gazette of November 14, 1871. The 24 foot by 26 foot house was located in Nelson's Field (as the South Hill was then called) and worth $800. The tax assessor's record for 1873 specifies a house worth $400 on Lot 21. The 1877 Stillwater City Directory lists: "Z 5 Deeds 582; SAM 7, Roll 7; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2367; 1887 Stillwater Dity Directory lists John Quinlan, a plumber, living there. 13 SAM 7, Roll 7. 174 SAM 7, Roll 3; Z Deeds 259; 1884 Stillwater City Directory; Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871 15 List of improvements, Stillwater Gazette, Nov. 14, 1871; City of Stillwater Building Permits #29 & 203; 1887 City Directory lists both Mealey as well as Neil McKay running a grocery store at that address; 1880 Census, # 152. 16 SAM 7, Roll 7; 1882-83 & 1884 Stillwater City Directories; 12 Deeds 44. 63 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition "Timothy Kilty, laborer, res. 4th nr. Churchill.". By 1880, they had 10 children living in the house with them, ranging from age 27 to age 6. There was also one boarder. When house numbers were assigned, this house took the number, 807 South Fourth Street. A City of Stillwater Building Permit #32 taken out on April 29, 1886, gives us some additional information on this house. The Permit says the house was built about 1873 by a J. Powers at a cost of $700. The original house, according to the Permit, was one -and -one-half stories high, 18 feet wide and 26 feet deep with a 16-foot-by-16-foot cellar. To this original structure had been added a kitchen in the rear. The reason for this 1886 Permit was to allow this older kitchen addition to be removed and replaced with a new $25 kitchen addition. The owner was Timothy Kilty (who signed with an "X"); the "architect' was listed as L.W. Clarke, (he was the city engineer) and the builder as Michael Carroll, a carpenter who was living in the neighborhood at 924 South Fourth Street.177 James Barry, who worked as a watchman for the Hersey, Bean & Brown Mill on South Main Street, had the home at 810 S. Fourth Street built in 1878. He bought the lots in 1876 and 1879.178 This house at 815 South Fourth Street was built about 1883 by a member of the Kilty family. Without a Kilty family genealogy, it is difficult to sort out the various family members and their relationships. The first name appearing on this property is Patrick Kilty.179 In 1871, The Stillwater Gazette combed the city for any improvements that could be used to brag up the progress of Stillwater. In the November 14th issue, under the heading "Nelson's Field," there is a listing for "P. Goodman, res. 24 x 26, $400." This is a reference to the building of the residence at 816 S. Fourth Street. Phillip Goodman was a lumberman, and he lived in the home for over a quarter century. In the early days of house numbers, this home had the number 740 S. Fourth Street.180 This is another Kilty house. Timothy and Patrick Kilty bought Lot 18 in May of 1883, and they built a house at 817 South Fourth Street on it soon after.181 The lot 820 S. Fourth Street is situated on and was carved out of Lots 13 and 14. I was unable to deduce any information about the building of this house. 823 South Fourth Street was built as a gasoline service station in 1923 by the Stillwater Oil Company and its proprietor, J. J. Kilty. The contractor was W. E. Meier who lived nearby at 915 South Fourth Street. According to the building permit, the cost was $2,500; the size of the building was 75 feet wide and 67.5 feet deep. It was to be heated with a stove and have metal ceilings.182 The brick commercial building 826 S. Fourth Street appears to have been built in the 1920's, but there does not seem to be any building permit. That location was the site of an earlier grocery store in the 1880's operated by Edward and Philomena Lemoine, and later, James Walsh. They had built a house there in 1875.183 For most of the 20th Century, this building was the location of the a grocery store on the South Hill, Kearney's Korner Market. Before there was a Meister's Bar at 901 South Fourth Street, there was first a house. James and Ellen Welch purchased Lot 28, Block 13, from Elizabeth Churchill in April of 1875; they took out a mortgage to build a house at 117 West Churchill the following year. James is listed in the 1877 and 1887 Stillwater City Directories as a laborer. In the summer of 1901, local carpenter, Adolph Sprich built a store and house on Lot 28. The $2,000 building was two story, 38 feet wide and 40 feet deep. The cellar was seven feet deep, 34 feet by 36 feet, with a cement floor. The first floor was hardwood; the second floor was clear pine. The owners were Charles and "' U Deeds 764; City of Stillwater Building Permit #32; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1880 Census 18 Z Deeds 572; 5 Deeds 420; 1877-1883 19 SAM 78, Roll 13 180 8 Deeds 3; SAM 78, Roll 9; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877-1884 Stillwater City Directories. 181 7 Deeds 173; SAM 78, Roll 15. 182 City of Stillwater Building Permit #2011. 183 A Liens 123; I Deeds 25; 1877-1894 Stillwater City Directories. 64 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Carrie Glaser and they operated a bakery (901 South Fourth St.) and home (903 South Fourth St.) out of the building.184 Dennis J. Hooley, a butcher by trade, built his first grocery store and meat market in 1886 at 902 S. Fourth Street. His first store was one story high, 20 feet wide, and 36 feet deep. It did not have a basement. The price of construction was $275. On the adjacent lot, he built a 14-by-21-foot stable - probably to house his delivery wagon. The builder was Edward Olson. Dennis lived next door at 906 S. Fourth Street It wasn't until 1890 that he actually purchased Lots 1 & 2 of Block 12. In 1901, Dennis had local carpenter, Alfred Zoller (who lived at 809 South Sixth Street) build him a new building that was two stories high, 30 feet wide by 51 feet deep. The building has a peaked roof, stone foundation, sheet iron ceiling, and cost $1,200. In 1943, local contractor, George W. Olsen made a number of improvements to the interior of the store.185 In 1909, Dennis Hooley died and was succeeded in the grocery business by his sons, Roy and Matt. At the time of his death in 1938, Roy Hooley, age 52, was President of the Hooley Meat Company with stores in Stillwater, New Richmond, Hudson and Red Wing. Matt Hooley died in 1971 at age 76. At his death, he was Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hooley's Stores. Roy Hooley had no children to succeed him. Matt had three sons: Jack, Charles and Tom. Jack and Charles took over the Hooley Food Store business, but then in 1968, Jack and Charles Hooley, along with Bob Thueson, opened the first CUB food store. That first store expanded into a grocery store chain, which was purchased by Supervalu in 1980. So what began as a meat and grocery store on South Fourth Street has now, three generations later, become a national business.186 Thomas and Elsie Ward bought Lots 26 & 27, Block 13, from Elizabeth Churchill in September of 1871. According to the Stillwater Gazette's listing of improvements in its issue of November 14, 1871, Tom Ward had built a 24-foot-by-26-foot home in Nelson's Field (as the South Hill was then called) that was worth $800. The tax assessor was not so sanguine, giving the house a value of $350 in 1873. That house was later to take the number, 909 South Fourth Street. Ward was a lumberman, and the family lived there for decades.187 James McGee bought Lot 25, Block 13, in April of 1881, and by 1884, Edward McGee, a farmer, is listed as the resident of 913 South Fourth Street.188 John and Mary Gillispie purchased Lot 24, Block 13, from Elizabeth Churchill in August of 1873, but it does not appear he built on the Lot. Instead the first house on this property, 915 South Fourth Street, was built in 1895 when Mary McGrath took out a mortgage from the Stillwater Fire Department Relief Association.189 In October of 1881 and June of 1882, Charles Nordstrom bought Lots 5 & 6, Block 12, and soon afterwards built a large dwelling at 916 S. Fourth Street. Nordstrom is listed in the 1887 Stillwater City Directory as a laborer.190 Henry C. White, a lumberman, and his wife, Mary, obtained a Warranty Deed for Lot 23, Block 13, from Elizabeth Churchill in June of 1877. The couple was born in Maine: he in 1844; she in 1851. By 1880, they had two daughters in the house: Florence, 9; Alice, 2; and one son, Henry, 4. However, it appears he had a $100 improvement (a small or partial house?) as early as 1873 according to the tax assessor's records. By the time house numbers were assigned in the 1880's, Henry White was listed at 919 South Fourth Street.191 184 Z Deeds 240; M Mtgs 120; City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1028. 185 City of Stillwater Building Permits #69, #1024, # 1222, 2713; Stillwater City Directories 1887-1905; 35 Deeds 205. 186 Stillwater Messenger, Feb. 6, 1909; Stillwater News, Aug. 5, 1938; Stillwater Gazette, Feb 9, 1971. 187 SAM 78, Roll 9; X Deeds 393; 1877 and 1887 Stillwater City Directories. la Z Deeds 134; 8 Deeds 140; 1884 and 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 189 Z Deeds 643; 7 Mtgs 96; 190 10 Deeds 219; 8 Deeds 461; SAM 5, Roll 6. 191 10 Deeds 67; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 65 2 q « 4& o t 2 u 7/k/%± \ =�0o(/ J � 0 .0 o w / / o-Pe%-�� 0• 0 \ ® 2 ) \ / § / / 0��:/7$ 0 0■■k\ E��022 1-.- R o- rn &= § dc o0- N °\/o E /c \03 1213 27/ ( 'V § 2 0 § § 2 & Z ri) E '" J J 11 /dk�Eb 0 0 2 - $ % z 4, 2 m§ 0/ b u q° 2 kƒ 2 J ...,-4 cid 0 0 - p ° e / 0�2�■/'r 2et 22/dgt/ by 0 C.) k % o % E - $ � 7 $ J/I/�\// 0 \ 4 k / § 2 § • 0 ■ g E Q i § (3 % 0 ®� o a § $ 0 2 5 cn\ g k 66 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition _426r 67 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The brick commercial building 826 S. Fourth Street appears to have been built in the 1920's, but there does not seem to be any building permit. That location was the site of an earlier grocery store in the 1880's operated by Edward and Philomena Lemoine, and later, James Walsh. They had built a house there in 1875. For most of the Twentieth Century, this building was the location of a grocery store on the South Hill, Kearney's Korner Market. Photographs from the Collection of the Minnesota Historical Society. 11111f,Iist i�ililll3i�l� i uuil=3f'ii itrnurl��pt�31' i)tlit 1°l5ril lr11El 3Tir si 3 . t Tixi IL;2[ 111iiil9 a ?I! !III tiEtl l l!!° illilGall„! x 3 11.13:311,[t 68 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Dennis J. Hooley, a butcher by trade, built his first grocery store and meat market in 1886 at 902 S. Fourth Street. His store was a fixture on the South Hill for almost a century. These two photographs of the interior, taken around the turn of the century, are from the Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society. ranzzattilamsairgsswirairwm. rr�er+�rasrs��ue�arrs� simusRalerarrr- II 21,9! a mmi1 ail an atit, Alt ant t El Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition It was not unusual to build a house in stages in the 1870's and 80's. A brief note in the Stillwater Gazette explains: 'We understand that a very large number of buildings will be erected next season - possibly a larger number than this season. In looking up our building statistics for the season just closing, we find in numberless instances only cellars dug and in some cases, foundations laid, with an ell erected, sufficient for the temporary accommodation of the family, the intention being, in nearly every case to complete the buildings next year.""2 Timothy and Catherine Crowley obtained a Warranty Deed from Elizabeth Churchill for Lot 22, Block 13, in March of 1873. But it appears the home he built at 921 South Fourth Street preceded the Warranty Deed. The Stillwater Gazette in listing improvements made in the city notes, under the location "Nelson's Field" (as the South Hill was then called), "Tim Crowley,res.18x24 $250." By 1887, the home was in the name of James Crowley.193 Michael Carroll, a carpenter, built the home at 924 S. Fourth Street about 1874 shortly after he bought Lot 8, Block 12, from Churchill and Nelson. Michael was born in New Brunswick about 1843; his wife, Mary, was born in Maine about 1850. By 1880, they had three children: James, age 6; Miles, age 2; and John, about 8 months old. In 1886, the Carroll's sold their house to Maurice Clancy, and moved down to South Main Street. In 1890, Clancey added Lot 7 to the property. 194 After the lots had passed through several owners, John Conklin, a widower, bought Lots 20 & 21, Block 13, in January of 1881. In the fall, he took out a mortgage with the St. Croix Valley Savings Bank, and soon after built the home at 1001 South Fourth Street. The 1883 Tax Assessor's record lists the value of the property at $1,400.195 In 1873, Edward and Philomene Lemoine built a small home at what would later take the number 1006 S. Fourth Street. He was a Canadian -born carpenter, the father of seven children: Alice, Clara, Felix, Philuda?, Fred, Clothide, and Mary. For a time in the early 1880's, the Lemoines ran a grocery store out of their house. As far as I could tell, the Lemoines never did have a deed for their property, and in 1882, it passed to Mary Ann McCallom.196 Around Christmas in 1881, Thomas Sutherland obtained the deed to Lots 18 & 19, Block 13, from Edmund & Ida Butts. However, it appears that Sutherland, a contractor and builder, actually constructed the house at 1009 South Fourth Street in 1873. A building permit for repairs taken out in April of 1886, notes that a $700 16-foot-by-25-foot, one-story dwelling house with a 16-foot-by-22 foot ell and two chimneys, was built on these two lots in 1873. The permit also notes an unusual fact: that the foundation walls were seven feet deep and 18 inches thick, thus creating a full basement under the house. Sutherland later moved to Hutchinson, Minnesota. Around midnight on a spring evening in1932, Albert Kreuger suffered a loss of $2,400 when garages on his property at this address burned.197 About 1884, George Muller, the boat manufacturer, had a large house built at 1010 S. Fourth Street on two lots he had purchased from Churchill and Nelson in May of 1873. Unfortunately, that house was destroyed by fire. In December of 1888, Muller took out a building permit to rebuild the house to the same dimensions, which were two stories, 22 feet by 28 feet deep. The cost of the house was put at $1,800, a substantial sum for the time. In 1931, Emil Bieging performed a substantial remodeling of the kitchen.193 192 Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871. 193 Stillwater Gazette, November 14, 1871; Z Deeds 253; 1877, 1882, 1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Federal Census for Stillwater, Family # 139. 194 1877-1884 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 U. S. Census, #138; Z Deeds 604; 15 Deeds 556; 31 Deeds 31; 1890 Stillwater City Directory. 196 8 Deeds 79; P Mtgs 503; SAM 78, Roll 13. 196 M Mortgages 557, 0 Mortgages 48; SAM 78, Roll 9; SAM 7, Roll 4; 12 Deeds 15; 1877-1884 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census, # 148. 197 8 Deeds 540; SAM 78, Roll 13; 1887, 1894 Stillwater City Directory; Fire Dept. records; City of Stillwater Building Permit #25. 198 SAM 78, Roll 14; City of Stillwater Building Permit #380, 2349;X Deeds 355; 1884 Stillwater City Directory. 70 Churchill, Nelson, & Slaughter's Addition There is an account of this devastating fire in the Stillwater Daily Gazette of September 4, 1888: A MIDNIGHT BLAZE A Lively Fire on the South Hill Which Causes Considerable Damage —Loss and Insurance. An alarm of fire was turned in to the fire department at 12:45 this morning for a blaze on the South hill. The southern sky was radiant with the reflection of the burning buildings before the firemen arrived upon the scene. The location was the corner of Hancock and Fourth streets. A number of frame buildings were in flames. The department got to work quickly, but the fact that there is an extremely poor force of water in this section of the city rendered their efforts of little value. A squirt gun would have been as good as some of the hose, only one stream being effective. There was some lively scrambling for the removal of movable articles and the majority of those directly interested in the burning property secured the more valuable portions of their property. No one seems to know definitely how the blaze originated; there are various statements as to its location when first discerned. It is claimed to have originated in a stable on Abe Rohrbach's premises, [1010 S. Fourth] also in a woodpile in his yard. By what means is the mystery. Three houses, three barns, and two woodsheds were burned — almost totally. Much of the household effects of Abe Rohrbach and Ed. Elliot [1022 S. Fourth] were carried out and saved, suffering only from rough usage. The firemen worked until 5 o'clock this morning before thoroughly extinguishing the fire. George Miller [Mueller] is the heaviest loser. He valued his house [1010 S. Fourth] at $2,400 and his barn at $400 — the house was insured for $1,500 and barn for $200, insured in the German Insurance company of Buffalo, N.Y. Abe Rohrbach occupied the house, and fixed his loss on broken furniture and destroyed stable articles at about $500, with an insurance on the furniture of $1,000. Edward Elliot's loss is $1,800 to $2,000, with an insurance of $600 on his house and $100 on his stable. Thos. McCallan's stable [1006 S. Fourth] which was burned was valued at $200, with an insurance of $150. Had there been a better force of water, the fire would have been more quickly extinguished. ST. C,RO1X ROAlT SHOP GEO. M ULLER, Proprietor. Manufacturer of STEAM LAUNCHES. Sail Boats. Bateaux and Fancy Row Boats, Built to Order. Builder of Boats of Every Description, Lumbermen's Toole, etc. Cedar Boats a Specialty. 3Z2 to 32o W.•Myrtle, STII,I,WATER, MiN N. 1015 South Fourth Street is today, a new house built in 1986, but this is the second house on these two lots. The first one was built as early as 1873. 71 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Daniel F. Day purchased the lots occupied by the house at 1019 South Fourth Street in September of 1871 from Edmund and Ida Butts. Butts was an attorney who dealt extensively in real estate. Within two years, Day had put up a home on the property. We know this for certain because he did not pay the contractor, and a lien was filed in May 1873 against the owner and the property. This particular lien is very interesting because it gives us an idea of how families determined the style of their houses. "[John Green, dealer in hardware stoves and tinware] "agrees to furnish all the materials and erect and build a dwelling house...said dwelling house to be of wood also of good merchantable lumber all the work to be done in a good substantative and workmanlike manner; in, size to be 20 by 28 feet two stories in height with 20 foot posts [studs]. The windows to be 14 in number — number 6 on first story and number 7 on second and one in loft to be of same size and pattern as those in the dwelling house of J.M. Knight [804 South Third Street] in Stillwater and glazed...The lower floors to be doubled and the upper floor single all to be well laid...The sides and ends of said house to be covered with rough boards and the boards with tar paper and sided with good siding...the cornice to be of the same style and finish as that on the dwelling house of Alex Underwood in said city. Gutters of tin to be put on the rough steps at the outside doors." The total of the lien, the cost of this house, was $880.44. The 1874 Tax Assessor's record notes the value of the house and lots at $1,080. Day is listed in the City Directories as a laborer.199 In April of 1872, Hersey, Bean & Brown, a lumber company on Stillwater's south Main Street, filed a lien on Lots 13 & 14, Block 12, against Edward and Ann Elliot "for erecting a dwelling house." The unpaid amount was $174.22. From this lien, we can date the first house on these lots, a house which today has the number 1022 S. Fourth Street. The tax assessor's records for 1873 assign a value of $300 to the structure on the lots. Edward Elliot was born in Ireland about 1830; his wife, Ann, was born in New Brunswick about 1837. They had eight children living with them: William J., 22; Mattie, 18; Edward, 15; Allan, 12; Katie, 10; Annie, 8; Nora, 5; and George, 2. The house, it appears, also had the numbers 1022 W. Hancock, and 506 W. Hancock. Around 1897, the property was sold to the Malloy family.20° After the Second World War, in a period of expansion for the city of Stillwater, several new houses were built on lots that had previously contained an older house. 710 S. Fourth Street, built in 1966, had previously been the site of the home of Henry and Dominica Desteffany, which they had built in the 1870's.201 912 S. Fourth Street was built in 1946 on what had previously been a vacant lot. FIFTH STREET HOUSES t is difficult to date the home at 708 S. Fifth Street because it is not, in the land or tax assessor records, separated out from the house at 313 W. Willard. From the value of the combined lots, I would guess this house was built in the early 1870's. The property was owned for many years by A.M. Dodd who lived on Willard. In March of 1868, the Canadian born Herman and Katie Steinhorst purchased Block 6, Lots 7, 8, & 9, from Elizabeth Churchill. Somewhere between 1865 and 1870 (a period for which we have no tax assessor's records), they built a $350 house that later took the number, 712 S. Fifth Street. Herman was a carpenter who built at least one other house in the neighborhood. There were three children in the family: Alfred, Frank and Caroline. Eventually the family moved to Oak Park. 199 A Liens 89; SAM 7, Roll 4; T Deeds 619; 1877, 1887 Stillwater City Directories. zoo A Liens 87; SAM 5, Roll 2; 1877-1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census #135; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2143. 201 T Deeds 419; X Deeds 192; Z Deeds 147; City of Stillwater Building Permits #1988, #2051, #2078; 1880 Census #I58; 1877-1883 Stillwater City Directories. 72 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The contractor, August Kutz, and his carpenter sons, Charles, Herman, and Rinehold, built 713 S. Fifth Street in the spring of 1888. The homeowner was Robert Schneider, a machinist, who had purchased the property from Sarah Withrow in April of 1883. The building permit lists the cost of the house at $600, and gives its size as 18 feet by 26 feet, one -and -a -half stories. Three years after building the house, Schneider took out a mortgage from the Stillwater Fire Department Relief Association.202 Elizabeth Churchill sold Lot 26, Block 5, to Patrick and Bridget Collins in May of 1872. The following year, the assessor noted a house valued at $175 on the property. Patrick was born in Ireland; Bridget in Canada; their three children: William, John, and Eddie, were born in the United States. Patrick was trained as a stone mason, but he eventually became the Assistant Health Officer of the City of Stillwater. The Collins family lived in their house at 715 S. Fifth Street for more than 30 years before Patrick's death in 1907.2o3 In 1868, three years after the end of the Civil War, Elizabeth and William Giossi purchased Lot 10, Block 6, from Elizabeth Churchill. A year and a half later, they purchased the adjoining Lot 11. By 1870, they had built a house, which took the number 718 S. Fifth Street, estimated at $400, on their two lots. William worked in the Staples Mill.204 In 1879, the Giossi family sold the property to Albert Drews, a miller.205 Two years after the Giossi family built their home at 718 S. Fifth Street, Dietrich J. and Margaret Muhlenbruch purchased the adjacent lots: 12, 13, & 14 from Elizabeth Churchill. Within that same year, a house, valued by the tax assessor at $500, had been constructed on the lots. Muhlenbruch, who later changed his name to the much more generic, John D. Millbrook206, was a stone mason. When house numbers were assigned, this home became 804 S. Fifth Street. The Millbrooks lived in the home through the 1890's.207 A German-born widow, Johanna Morgan, age 43, purchased Lot 21, Block 5, in 1874, and a year later, she also bought Lot 22. A penciled note in the yearly assessor's record notes the lots are "with house," and indicates the building's value at $640, a substantial house for the time. But Johanna needed a larger house, for the 1880 Census tells us that she had seven children living with her. Georgia, 28, and Fredericka, 26, were dressmakers. John, 21, and Silas, 25, were tinners. In addition, there were the other children, Josephine, 24; Charles, 14; and Ella, age 12. The original number of this house was 727 S. Fifth Street, which ignored the existence of the east -west Abbott Street. [According to the "Philadelphia Plan" of house numbering which Stillwater adopted, there should be 100 house numbers between each intersecting street.] The house number was later changed to 807 S. Fifth Street.208 The tax assessor's records indicate the home at 817 S. Fifth Street was built about 1884, probably by a member of the Goodman family who lived behind this house at 816 S. Fourth Street.209 John H. Johnson purchased Lots 16 & 17, Block 5, from Hans Hanson on September 3, 1879. It appears Hanson had built a house that later took the number 823 S. Fifth Street on the lots around 1873. Johnson was a sawyer for the East Side Lumber Company. In 1889, Sven Berglund, a well-known local contractor, added a 16-foot by 16-foot, $150, one-story kitchen to the house.21° In a burst of civic boosterism, the Stillwater Gazette of November 14th, 1871, listed all the improvements within the city for the past year. Under the list of improvements for Fifth Street, there is a notation: "H. Packard, res. and barn." Howard and Deborah Packard, both of them Maine born, received the warranty deed 2°2 City of Stillwater Building Permit #281; 10 Deeds 630; 11 Mtgs 127. 203 X Deeds 370; SAM 78, Roll 9; 1877, 1881-2, 1894 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census, #178 204 R Deeds 453; V Deeds 518; SAM 7, Roll 2; Stillwater City Directory, 1877. 2°s 8 Deeds 207; Stillwater City Directory, 1881-82. 2°6 There was this odd practice in the 191h Century of switching a man's first two names around. Thus William D. Evans will suddenly become David W. Evans. This can be very confusing. If foreign names are involved, it is even more confusing. 207 X Deeds 352; SAM 5, Roll 2; Stillwater City Directories, 1881-1894. 208 Z Deeds 8, 229; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877, 1881-82-83 Stillwater City Directories 1880 Census, #176 200 SAM 78, Roll 14; 10 Deeds 164. 210 5 Deeds 207; 0 Mtgs 91; SAM 78, Roll 9; City of Stillwater Building Permit #329; 1877 & 1881 Stillwater City Directories. 73 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition from Elizabeth Churchill to their lots 18 & 19, Block 6, in January of 1877, six years after they built their substantial home at 824 S. Fifth Street. Packard was a guard at the state prison north of downtown Stillwater. The 1880 Census lists the Packards, both in their 50's, living with William & Caroline Whiting, and their two adolescent children. This house has, in the rear, what appears to be another house tacked on to the main structure. This rear structure appears to be a typical small house of the Civil War period with its center door and symmetrical windows in front. Perhaps it was the first house on the property.211 Charles Glaser, a grocer in the neighborhood, had the home at 904 S. Fifth Street built in the summer of 1911. The building permit specifies the cost at $2,200, and the dimensions as 28 feet by 30 feet, two stories high. The basement was to be full size and 7%2 feet deep. In order to build this newer house, he had to move an older house at 309 W. Churchill Street to another place on the two lots.212 Next door, at 908 S. Fifth Street, Charles Glaser built a second house in the winter of 1911, this one to cost $1,800 with dimensions of 26 feet by 30 feet, two stories high. Both of Glaser's houses were built on speculation; that is, to sell to a third party.213 Fred Pankonin and his wife, Teresa, both Prussian born, built their house at 909 S. Fifth Street about 1881. They purchased the north half of Lot 25 and all of Lot 26, Block 12, from Elizabeth Churchill in June of 1881, and in August of that same year, they took out a mortgage from the Stillwater Building Assocation. Fred worked as a mill hand; they had two daughters: Lizzie and Anna.2la Henry Roettger bought Lot 4, Block 11, from Elizabeth Churchill in August of 1874. He built a house on his lot that took the number, 912 S. Fifth Street, valued at $600 by the tax assessor. Two years later he sold his lot to Jacob Bean, a wealthy mill proprietor. The following year, Bean bought the adjacent Lot 5 from Elizabeth Churchill.215 The Maine -born Rufus E. Goff and his Minnesota -born wife, Josephine, had the dwelling at 913 S. Fifth Street built about 1880. Goff purchased Lot 24 from Emma Marsh in the summer of 1879. In 1888, a local carpenter, R. W. Phelps, made a one -and -one-half story, 14-by-20-foot bedroom addition to the original one -and - one -half story 14-by-20-foot building. Before adding the addition, Phelps also moved the original house 16 feet west on the lot. In 1910, Goff had another 12-by-12, one-story addition constructed by Frank Linneroth. Rufus was listed in the 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory as a lumberman.216 Emma Marsh sold the Danish -born Peter Jackson and his wife, Celia, lots 6 & 7 in Block 11, in November of 1879. But by the time he received his Warranty Deed, he had already been living in his house at 920 S. Fifth Street for two years. But Jackson was not one to stay. In August of 1880, the property was sold to Mary H. Allen who, in 1886, had a 20-foot-by-8-foot kitchen added to the house by Ely B. Woodard — who is listed in the 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory as a barber. In March of 1889, Allen sold the property to Anna Tobisch, a midwife.217 Edward and Catharine McFarlane had the house at 921 S. Fifth Street built in the early 1880's.218 The Irish-born Morris and Mary Quinlan and their son, John, were the first residents of 1002 S. Fifth Street, which they had built in 1877. Two years later, they received their Warranty Deed from Emma Marsh. Morris was listed in the city directories as a gardener; considering the location of their house at this time, I would guess this to mean he raised produce — probably to sell in the city. But perhaps the house may not have 211 1877, 1881-82, 1884 Stillwater City Directories; Z Deeds 440; 1880 Census, #173 212 City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1462 213 City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1444 214 8 Deeds 295; P Mtgs 488; 1880 Census #165; SAM 5, Roll 6; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 215 SAM 7, Roll 4; Z Deeds 389, 432; I Deeds 302; 1877 Stillwater City Directory. 216 5 Deeds 449; City of Stillwater Building Permit #369, #1404; SAM 5, Roll 6; 1880 Census #168 217 SAM 7, Roll 6; 5 Deeds 270; 5 Deeds 549; 28 Deeds 235; City of Stillwater Building Permit #62; 1880 Census, 4 166. 218 21 Deeds 334; 1884 & 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. 74 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition been as rural as he wished, for in 1881, he sold the land to Robert Carter, who in turn sold it to William Brigan.219 Louis Avery built a large home at 1003 S. Fifth Street about 1882. The following year he received his Warranty Deed from Elizabeth Churchill. James Avery is listed as the resident of the house in the Stillwater City Directories.220 1008 S. Fifth Street is reported to have been built in 1906. No further information seems to be available. Marcel Gagnon appears to be living in 1016 S. Fifth Street as early as 1877, three years after he purchased Lots 12, 13, & 14, Block 11. He is listed as a florist and a gardener, and apparently he had a greenhouse either on this property or close by. Born in Canada, he was, at least in 1880, a single man of 53 living with the Edward Bell and George Gerard families. But some disaster must have occurred around 1894 because Marcel moved to Tacoma, Washington, and a new $1,000 home was built on Lot 12 by Michael Carroll, a Stillwater carpenter on behalf of Eugene Savage, a janitor at Central High School who is listed as living at 1008 S. Fifth Street. Given the occasional mistakes on the old records, it might be possible that the building permit for Lot 12 (1016 S. Fifth Street) is really the building permit for Lot 11 (1008 S. Fifth Street), which would explain why there is no information on 1008 S. Fifth Street.221 Lot 14, Block 11, was one of the three lots purchased by Marcel Gagnon in 1874 at which time the assessor's records indicate a considerable $600 improvement on it. Who actually lived in the house which took the number 1020 S. Fifth Street is uncertain, although Gagnon continued to be the recorded owner of the property until he sold it to John Hines in October of 1883. Hines was listed as a laborer.222 After the Second World War, in a time of expansion for Stillwater, there were several houses built on S. Fifth Street. 805 S. Fifth Street was built in 1947, replacing the earlier home of the Swiss -born Henry Hefty, a butcher with a local grocery store.223 Two newer houses were built at 808 S. Fifth Street and 811 Fifth Street in 1948 replacing at least one earlier home there that had, for a time, the house number 733 S. Fifth Street. It was the house of the Prussian -born Hohlt Gotlieb, a teamster.224 812 and 816 S. Fifth Street, two new houses built in 1965 replaced the old Edward and Ellen Yorks house which had been built about 1872.225 1013 S. Fifth Street was built in 1956 on what appears to have been an empty lot. An older home was moved from this Lots 15 and 16, Block 12 in 1899 which allowed the construction of 1019 S. Fifth Street in 1948.226 In 1980, 801 S. Fifth Street was constructed on what had been a vacant lot. SIXTH STREET HOUSES Elizabeth Churchill deeded over Lot 1, Block 7, to an H. Mahlstrom who in turn built a large $700 house that took the number, 712 S. Sixth Street. Two years later, the assessed value had risen to $1,000. Alas, the house went into foreclosure with Hans Hanson, the mortgagee. By 1882, the house and property had passed into the hands of William E. Cummings, who had a jobbing shop on the corner of S. Third 219 SAM 7, Roll 6; 1880 Census, #166; 1881-82 Stillwater City Directory; 5 Deeds 146; 8 Deeds 101; 12 Deeds 2. 22° 7 Deeds 184; SAM 5, Roll 6; 1884 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 221 1877, 1890-91, 1894 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census, #164; City of Stillwater Building Permit #818 222 12 Deeds 475; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877 & 1881-82 Stillwater City Directories. 223 1877-1887 Stillwater City Directories; 5 Deeds 376; 1880 Census, #177 224 1881-1894 Stillwater City Directories; 5 Deeds 405; 1880 Census #175 2231 Deeds 370; SAM 7, Roll 3; X Deeds 628; 1887 Stillwater City Directory. 226 City of Stillwater Building Permit #974 75 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The German-born Jacob Laun, and his Ohio wife Annie, built a small home at 723 S. Sixth Street (above) about 1877. Laun is listed in the Stillwater City Directory of 1884 as a peddler. Perhaps it was a hazardous occupation: in 1880, Jacob was 34 years old; ten years later, his wife is listed as a widow. The house at 1009 S. Third Street (below) was one of several built by neighborhood carpenter, Lawson Dailey. Photographs Courtesy Washington County Historical Society. 76 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition and Oak Streets; his wife was a dressmaker, and their son, Albert, was an apprentice at the St. Croix Drug Company.227 A young man by the unusual name of Elephalet Goff, and his wife, Mary, were the first residents of 715 S. Sixth Street. He was born in 1849 in Illinois; she was born in 1851 in Indiana. They had two children, Bertha and Fred. They bought Lot 31, Block 6, in her name in September of 1878, and a year later, they bought a second lot, 32, in his name. It appears they had this home built in 1878. Elephalet worked in the lumber business.228 The home at 719 S. Sixth Street was built in 1879, possibly by Samuel Packard, a bridge tender. The assessed valuation was approximately $390. It was a simple one -and -one-half story house, four rooms, with a partial basement, and, an elegant touch for workingman's house, a bay on the north side. In July of 1882, Packard sold the property to Edward J. and Emma Davis. (He was also known as James E. Davis.) In 1892, under new owners, John and Jessie Sinclair, a 14-foot-by-18-foot ell was added on the south side, and the interior woodwork updated. By 1903, the house had passed into the possession of Mrs. Zona Doyle, a teacher at the Central Schoo1.229 It appears the house at 720 S. Sixth Street was built about 1874 by Daniel McQuillan who owned a saloon and billiards hall on Main Street in downtown Stillwater. In the first Stillwater City Directory, published in 1877, McQuillan is listed as living on Sixth, south of Goodwood (Willard). This is apparently another case of using unrecorded documents on a piece of property in this Addition, for the first official record of the property is a deed from Elizabeth Churchill to James Fowler, Jr. in July of 1881. Fowler, a young man of 24, his wife, Eliza, and their year -old son, Sanford, were natives of New York State. Although he listed his occupation as chemist, Fowler had taken an entrepreneurial bent in Stillwater opening a furniture store on N. Main Street in downtown Stillwater. The furniture business may have not been good, for he soon sold their house to Ange Christianson, who in turn, sold it to Joseph Eichten, who, in his turn, sold it to John Pretzel in 1890. Pretzel was a cooper (barrel maker) who worked for the Joseph Wolf brewery.239 Ellen and John Goff purchased Lot 11 in Block 7, in the spring of 1868. When the tax assessor made his rounds in 1870, he placed a value of $200 on the building upon the lot - a small house. Four years later, this home at 722 S. Sixth Street, had increased in value to $660, suggesting a large addition to the original home. John Goff is listed in the Stillwater City Directory of 1882-83 as a cooper, i.e. barrel maker. They must have liked the neighborhood because they remained in this house for the next quarter century. 231 The German-born Jacob Laun, and his Ohio wife, Annie, built a small home at 723 S. Sixth Street about 1877. Laun is listed in the Stillwater City Directory of 1884 as a peddler. Perhaps it was a hazardous occupation: in 1880, Jacob was 34 years old; ten years later, his wife is listed as a widow.232 John Henry Lohmann, Jr, and his wife, Augusta, purchased Lot 12, Block 7, from from Elizabeth Churchill in Sept. 1882. They built a modest $500 home, which took the number, 802 S. Sixth Street. Lohmann briefly ran a saloon on the South Main Street. 233 In July of 1876, Tobias Ambuhl purchased Lot 27, Block 6, from Elizabeth Churchill. He immediately set out to have a house built at 805 S. Sixth Street with much of the labor done by his neighbors. Herman Steinhorst, a carpenter who lived at 712 S. Fifth Street, did much of the basic construction. John Millbrook, a mason living at 804 S. Fifth Street, did the lath and plaster and the chimney for the house. We know this today 227 SAM 7, Roll 2; X Deeds 493; 1884-1887 Stillwater City Directories. 228 12 Deeds 238, 239; SAM 7, Roll 7; 1877-1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census #185. 229 5 Deeds 527; 10 Deeds 299; 31 Deeds 612; 56 Deeds 532; City of Stillwater Building Permit #659; SAM 7, Roll 8; Stillwater City Directories. 230 8 Deeds 316, 365, 368; 7 Deeds 103; 31 Deeds 120; 1880 Census, #192; SAM 7, Roll 4; 1877, 1881-82, 1890-91 Stillwater City Directories. 231 Y Deeds 153; SAM 7, Roll 2; 232 SAM 7, Roll 6; 1880 Census # 187; 1877, 1884, 1890-91 Stillwater City Directories; 5 Deeds 599; 28 Deeds 54. 23 SAM 78, Roll 12; 7 Deeds 139; 1884 Stillwater City Directory. 77 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition because both of these workmen filed liens against the house: Steinhorst for $65; Millbrook for $133.55. Ambuhl, a mill hand for Hersey, Bean & Brown sold the house to Alexander Bradley two years later.234 There was an earlier house on Lots 25 and 26, Block 6, in the location of today's 809 S. Sixth Street. However, it appears that the present house at this address is a later house built near the turn of the century. In 1872, Churchill sold the two lots to Frederick Bennecke who apparently built a house on the lots. They were subsequently sold to Henry C. and Mattie Pierce, a guard at the prison. In 1884, the Pierces sold to Joseph and Rosina Remmele.235 Shenanda E. Bradley, a 42 year -old woman from New York State purchased Lot 14 from Elizabeth Churchill in April of 1872. The tax assessor making his rounds that year made a pencil notation: "S. E. Bradley, lot=$60, house=$300", a notation marking the construction of 810 S. Sixth Street. Two years later, E. B. Bradley purchased Lot 13 from Churchill. The 1877 Stillwater City Directory lists an A. B. Bradley, teamster, living on 6th N. of Churchill. But the 1880 Census lists Shenanda Bradley as living with the family of John Starkwhether, a carpenter, his wife, Mary, and their three children. Two years later, the Stillwater City Directory lists a Mrs. E. B. Bradley as residing at 732 S. Sixth Street, which was the original house number for this house. By 1887, the Stillwater City Directory lists Mrs. E. B. Bradley living at 810 S. Sixth Street. Without a fair amount of additional research, it is impossible to know if Shenanda E. Bradley was in fact, the wife of E. B. Bradley.236 The records are confused and conflicting regarding the house at 813 S. Sixth Street, and I cannot reach any conclusions. Although you would never know it today by its appearance, 814 S. Sixth Street was built in the summer of 1872. We know this because Julius Lippert, a cook, who bought the property that same summer, had a lien filed against him by Phillip Mueller. Mueller claimed Lippert owed him $118.75 because he worked "...lst and last days of July 1872...making, constructing, altering & repairing a certain dwelling house..." It seems Lippert had given Mueller $50 in cash and a promissory note (unpaid) for the remainder of his bill. Two years later, Lippert sold the property to a Swiss butcher, John Neideren, and his Prussian born wife, Annie, who lived there with their five children: Edward, John, Ulrich, another son, Rosa, and a sister-in-law. Lippert meanwhile moved to the house behind, 813 S. Seventh Street.237 The first house built in Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition stood on the southwest corner of S. Sixth and W. Churchill Streets. Today that location is occupied by a small lovely Queen Anne house built in the 1890's with the number 902 S. Sixth Street. The first house was built in 1857-58 by Charles and Mary Wagner who purchased the lot from Elizabeth Churchill in July of 1857 for $250. The following year, in May of 1858, the Wagners took out a $1,000 mortgage from the eccentric and wealthy Englishman, Morgan May — for whom the Township is named. Two years later, May foreclosed on the house and property and sold it to Mrs. Mary Jackman. In 1866, Mary bought three additional lots. In 1883, Mary sold the house and four lots to Maria C. Adams. This large house is quite evident on the 1870 Bird's Eye View Map. In May of 1894, a lumberman, John J. Kilty, bought Lots 1 & 2, and presumably built the compact Queen Anne house that graces those lots today. 238 Stillwater City Building Permit #1592 gives us the information that 908 S. Sixth Street was built in the spring of 1915. The owner of the property who had the house built was J. Ernest Blanke who lived — and continued to live — in the neighborhood at 1017 S. Seventh Street. The permit lists the cost of the house at $1,500, and the dimensions of the building as 26 feet by 32 feet, one -and -one-half stories. 234 Z Deeds 388; 5 Deeds 41; A Liens 146, 147; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1877, 1881-82 Stillwater City Directories. 236 SAM 7, Roll 3; X Deeds 207; Z Deeds 213; 10 Deeds 15; 12 Deeds 437; 1880 Census #190; 1882-1884 Stillwater City Directories. 236 T Deeds 725; Z Deeds 241; 1880 Census, #194. 232 X Deeds 77; A Liens 91; SAM 7, Roll 3; 1880 Census #195; 1887, 1890-91 Stillwater City Directories. 238 I Deeds 79; D Mtg 198; P Deeds 262; Q Deeds 428; 10 Deeds 591; 40 Deeds 220 78 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 911 S. Sixth Street was, according to Stillwater City Building Permit #2209, built in the spring of 1928 by the owner of the property, Herman Millarch, a painter. According to the building permit, the cost was to be $570.01! The dimensions were 20 feet by 22 feet deep with 10-foot studs, giving a maximum height of 18 feet. The house was to have a fireproof slate roof, and the ground floors were to be of oak. Why was the price so low: there is a note on the permit that Herman will "build it my self." This Greek Revival house at 916 S. Sixth Street was built in 1872 when the tax assessor, making his yearly rounds, made a note about a new house "back of Jackman." The value of the house was set at $500, meaning it was a substantial house. Elizabeth G. and Harvey Ferguson bought Lot 5, Block 10, from Churchill in November, 1872, and Lot 6, Block 10 in December, 1874. Both Harvey and Elizabeth were natives of New Brunswick, following the lumber trade west. Harvey was a river pilot. They had two children: Maggie and Harvey, Jr.239 August Arndt bought Lots 22 and 23, Block 11, in October of 1880. He built a modest house soon afterwards, that took the number 919 S. Sixth Street. August and his wife, Augusta, were born in Prussia. They had three boys: John, Clement, and Paul. August was a shoemaker.24° William Zorn purchased Lots 7 & 8, Block 10, from Frasier Ferguson in March of 1882. Zorn soon after built a small house on his lots which took the number, 922 S. Sixth Street.241 Mrs. Melvina Fox, a midwife, had the home at 923 S. Sixth Street built about 1882, although she did not actually receive a deed to the property until March of 1883. The 1880 Census, # 201, lists the following household which included Melvina: "Melvina Fox, 48, b. Kentucky, living with: Thomas Malone, 29, son, and Mary his wife, 25, and Henry, son, and his wife, Nora, 19, and Matilda, her daughter and Mary Sunberg, 19, daughter; James Sunberg, 17, son, Sarah Sunberg, 15, daughter; Ida Sunberg, 12, a daughter, and grandchildren: Henry, Thomas, Meluina, Robert, James, Ida, Edward, Henry, and Ann." In the same house were also: David Sinclair, 25; wife Sarah, 19, and their one child, Amy, aged one month. In those days, space and privacy requirements were different.242 Josiah Millet, who was born about 1836 in Maine, appears to have been a man of many talents. He is listed in various places as a bookkeeper, an explorer, and a Master of the Boom. Whatever his many talents, we know that he and his wife, Clara, and their six children were the first residents of 1004 S. Sixth Street, which they had built in 1875. Many years later, in 1932, local carpenter, Emil Bieging, was hired to make repairs after fire damage. 243 In July of 1922, Robert Schmoeckel applied for City of Stillwater building permit #1901 to have contractor, Henry J. Mohr, build him a house at 1007 S. Sixth Street. The cost was to be $3,000. It was to be a two-story house, 26 feet by 28 feet, with wood floors and a foundation five feet above the ground. Henry was a carpenter who lived on W. Olive Street. James and Henrietta Webster purchased Lot 11, Block 10, in August 1902. Although there don't seem to be any records remaining, it appears they built 1010 S. Sixth Street soon afterwards. James is listed in the Stillwater City Directory as a painter.244 It appears Albert Schmoeckel had the house at 1015 S. Sixth Street built about 1883 when he took out a mortgage on the property. Albert and his wife, Augusta, were both born in Prussia; they had four children: Albert, Minnie, Robert and Emma. Albert was a stone mason.245 239 SAM 7, Roll 3; X Deeds 191; Z Deeds 606; 1880 Census, #199; 1877, 1881-82, 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 240 5 Deeds 613; 1882-1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census, #200. 241 SAM 78, Roll 14; 12 Deeds 266; 1884-1887 Stillwater City Directory. 2424 Deeds 591. 243 SAM 7, Roll 5; 5 Deeds 442; 1877 Stillwater City Directory; 1880 Census #206; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2356. 244 48 Deeds 410 249 1880 Census, #204; 1877-1890 Stillwater City Directories. 79 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The house at 1020 S. Sixth Street was built about 1878 when Emma Marsh deeded Lot 14, Block 10, to Joseph Arndt in January 1878. Arndt worked as a butcher for a local grocer.246 When Thomas and Kate Ratican built their home in May of 1882 at 1021 S. Sixth Street, he did not pay the St. Croix Lumber Company the $101.74 worth of lumber they furnished him — at least not until the lumber company filed a lien against his property. Four years later he took out a City of Stillwater building permit to replace his old porch, and make $75 worth of improvements. To do the work, he hired Michael Carroll, carpenter living on S. Main Street who had done other construction in the neighborhood. Ratican was a lumberman from eastern Canada following the lumber trade as it moved west. The Raticans had four children.247 In 1990, a new home was built at 1016 S. Sixth Street on a lot that was once the site of an earlier home. In 1961, a newer house was constructed at 1002 S. Sixth Street on what appears to be a previously vacant lot. SEVENTH STREET HOUSES here is a note in the tax assessor's records for 1875: "Carl Zanke paying" indicating that, although there were no recorded deeds, apparently Zanke was paying the taxes on the property. From the assessor's records in 1880, it appears he built a small house, which eventually took the number, 702 S. Seventh Street. In March of 1887, Churchill finally gave him a deed to the property, and in June of 1889, he sold the house and property to Henry Hefty. Zanke does not appear in the Stillwater City directories and I have no further information on him.248 The history of 702 and 706 S. Seventh Street are combined because both are a part of Lots 1 & 2, Block 8. The early records only seem to record one house on the two lots, but it is difficult to say for sure. In June of 1889, Carl Zanke (who owned all of both lots) sold them to Henry Hefty. In 1899, Hefty sold the south part of the lots to Theodore Erlitz, and in 1900, Hefty sold the north part of the lots to John Luchsinger.249 715 S. Seventh and 719 S. Seventh Streets have a confusing history. 715 is on Lots 32 & 33, Block 7; 719 is on Lots 30 and 31, Block 7. From the records, we know that in 1872, Lizzie and Henry Rheiner had an unrecorded contract of some kind for all four lots, and there was a $300 house on the property. I would assume that house eventually took either the number 715 or 719 S. Seventh Street, but I have no way of knowing which was the first house on the four lot parcel. In 1879, Lizzie and Henry actually received the deed from Churchill to the four lots. The Rheiners then sold the four lots to a man by the name of August Domke. The next record we have is a building permit taken out by Julius Sierberlich for an addition to a house on Lots 32 and 33 (715 S. Seventh). That was in 1888, and the permit is for a kitchen addition to an existing house 20 by 28 feet, one —and - a -half stories high.25° The home at 720 S. Seventh Street was built in 1877 by natives of Maine, Annie and Michael McLean. He worked for a time at the Hersey, Bean & Brown lumber mill below the bluff on S. Main Street. The original house was quite small with an assessed valuation of around $200.251 246 V Deeds 760; 1877-1887 Stilwater City Directories; City of Stillwater Building Permit #36 247 1880 Census, #207; City of Stillwater Building Permit #36; A Liens 307; 246 SAM 7, Roll 3; 19 Deeds 505; 11 Deeds 599. 249 11 Deeds 599; 48 Deeds 142, 210. 25° SAM 7, Roll 3; 5 Deeds 88; 8 Deeds 236; City of Stillwater Building Permit #326. 251 SAM 7, Roll 6; 8 Deeds 269; 1877 & 1890 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census #231. 80 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition George F. Allen sold Lot 11, and the N. 10 feet of Lot 12, Block 8, to George and Amy McNally in November of 1874, and it appears they built the home at 722 S. Seventh Street on the lots soon afterwards. Both George and Amy were natives of New Brunswick, and at one point in time, they had three boarders in their residence, all of them also from New Brunswick. He was born in 1830; she was born in 1831. By 1890, George was dead, and Amy was living in the house as a widow.252 August Weideman, a laborer, bought Lot 29 from Frank Domke in 1883. At some time either before or after his purchase, he built his home at 725 S. Seventh Street.253 George Allen bought the lots where 726 S. Seventh Street stands today from Churchill and Nelson in 1873. It appears he built this house there in 1878. Allen is listed as a laborer in the Stillwater City Directories, and he lived at this address for at least the first 20 years.254 A handwritten note on the 1871 assessor's entry for Lots 27 & 28, Block 7, reads "Domke's house" and it assigns a value of $200 to the building, which today has the number, 731 S. Seventh Street. August Domke was a mill hand at the Hersey Bean Mill on S. Main Street.255 810 S. Seventh Street was built about 1890 by Albert Erlitz, a musician, who bought the lots from Elizabeth Churchill in November of 1888.256 William (or Wilhelm) Stack, a stone mason, purchased Lot 25 & 26, Block 7, from Churchill and Nelson in August of 1872, and he quickly built a house there, which today has the number, 811 S. Seventh Street. The assessor put the value of this first house at $300.257 The first resident of 812 S. Seventh Street was Thomas and Mary Collopy, natives of Ireland. They received their deed from Churchill in Nov. of 1871 about the same time they built their home. Within a short time, Thomas seems to have died or disappeared, and Mary was left to raise their three children, Ella, Thomas and John, by herself.258 The home at 817 S. Seventh Street was apparently built about 1875 by Heinrich Wagner, a laborer. By 1882, the property had passed to Frederick Webber, a mason and plasterer. At one time this had the number 743 S. Seventh Street.259 Dennis Keyes, a carpenter, purchased Lots 17 & 18, Block 8, from Churchill in June of 1871. The tax assessor's records a house worth $200 on the lots by 1872. Today that building has the number, 818 S. Seventh Street.26o In 1872, Elizabeth Churchill sold lots 3 & 4, Block 9, to a man named Charles L. Comb. He in turn sold the two lots to George Caplazi that same year. In June of 1887, Caplazi sold the lots to Albert Plaster, a painter with the Minnesota Thresher Manufacturing Company. However, this house at 910 S. Seventh Street was built in 1882; perhaps Plaster had an unrecorded Contract on the property at this earlier date, for it is Plaster who is recorded as living at this address in the 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory.261 Thomas Levi was the apparent builder of the house at 911 S. Seventh Street. Although his purchase of the property is not recorded until 1876, it appears he built this house in 1874. Seven years later, he sold the 252 Z Deeds 144; Y Deeds 328; 1877 & 1890 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census #230. 253 12 Deeds 103; Stillwater City Directory for 1884. 254 Z Deeds 144; SAM 7, Roll 7; 1877-1891 Stillwater City Directories. 255 Z Deeds 243; 1877-1884 Stillwater City Directory. 256 28 Deeds 274; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. 257 X Deeds 128; 1877 Stillwater City Directory. 258 SAM 78, Roll 8; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census, #227 259 1884 & 1890 Stillwater City Directories; X Deeds 454, 456; 10 Deeds 527; 26o SAM 5, Roll 2; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; T Deeds 480. 261 SAM 5, Roll 6; X Deeds 222; 10 Deeds 522; 24 Deeds 161. 81 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition property to John Sheehan, a laborer who lived there for several years. It appears this house once had the number 909 S. Seventh Street. In 1933, a new 22-foot-by-51/2-foot porch was added to the house.262 In March of 1884, Joseph and Annie Arndt bought Lots 24 & 25, Block 10, from Elizabeth Churchill. In 1886, the tax assessor added a value of $600 to the two lots indicating a house which took the number, 913 S. Seventh Street bad been built. Joseph was a native of Canada; Annie was from Prussia. The couple had six children: Mary, 17; Frank, 14; John, 13; daughter, 9; Albert, 4; Lilly 2. The 1887 Stillwater City Directory lists him living at this address; his occupation is listed as cooper (barrel maker).263 August and Henrietta Batke (or Bardkey) were natives of Prussia. In 1885, they bought Lot 5, Block 9, and about 1891, built a small house there which took the number, 916 S. Seventh Street. They had five children: Emil, William, Amelia, Emma, Edna. August is listed as a laborer in the City Directory.264 In 1876, local lumber magnate, Isaac Staples, filed a lien of $43.25 for "building materials" against the property of Margaret Warner who lived at what is today the site of 918 S. Seventh Street. This lien would seem to indicate that at least the beginnings of what is today 918 S. Seventh Street had taken place in 1876. The 1881 Stillwater City Directory lists: Warner, Mrs. M. [resides] 7th bet. Churchill & Hancock.265 Emil Zorn purchased Lots 22 & 23, Block 10, from Churchill and Nelson in August of 1873. The tax assessor's records indicate he must have built a small house which took the number, 921 S. Seventh Street, on his lots soon thereafter. In March of 1876, he sold the property to John and Anna Warmann. John is listed in the 1877 Stillwater City Directory as working for Isaac Staples and living on "Ph S. of Churchill".266 The property, which is the site of 922 S. Seventh Street was bought and sold seven times between 1872 and 1886. Finally in September of 1886, Bertha and Emil Keitzmann bought the property and the house and stayed there. He was a carpenter.267 (See also 924 S. Seventh Street) 923 S. Seventh Street was built in 1877 by Michael and Wilhelmina Zorn, both immigrants from Prussia. Michael was born in 1815; his wife was five years younger. He worked as a mill hand at the Hersey, Bean & Brown mill on S. Main Street until he retired in the 1880's. His son, William, and his wife, Emma, and their granddaughter, Ida, as well as his son, Herman, lived with them in the house.268 Bertha and Emil Keitzmann appear to have been the first residents of 924 S. Seventh Street; at least they are listed as the residents in the 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. They purchased three lots, 7, 8, & 9 in September of 1886. At some point, those three lots were divided among two houses. The present house with the number 924 S. Seventh Street was built about 1920. It either replaced Keitzmann's earlier house, or Keitzmann's earlier house took the later number 922 S. Seventh Street when the present 924 S. Seventh was built in 1920. However, in checking the Stillwater City Directories, I find that the Keitzmanns lived at 924 S. Seventh from 1919 to 1928.269 John Sprich purchased Lots 10 & 11, Block 9, in 1881 at which time it appears a small home, 1006 S. Seventh Street, was built on the lot. The 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory lists Adolph Sprich as a carpenter living at this address. In 1924, local carpenter, Frank Linner, constructed a $700 addition to the house.270 262 Z Deeds 378, 601; SAM 7, Roll 5; 1882-83 & 1887 Stillwater City Directory, City of Stillwater Building Permit 2380. 263 7 Deeds 236; 1880 Census #208; SAM 5, Roll 8; 264 15 Deeds 418; 1880 Census #221; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. 261 19 Deeds 44; A Liens 176. 266 X Deeds 191; 1 Deeds 347; 1877 Stillwater City Directory; SAM 7, Roll 4. 267 19 Deeds 161; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. 268 10 Deeds 156; SAM 7, Roll 6; 1877 & 1887 Stillwater City Directories; 1880 Census #216. 269 X Deeds 164; 10 Deeds 593; I9 Deeds 161; City of Stillwater Building Permit #2704. 270 1 Deeds 472; 8 Deeds 167; 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory; City of Stillwater building Permit #2035. 82 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Gustav and Amelia Tollas, both born in Prussia, purchased Lots 18 and 19, Block 10, from Elizabeth Churchill in September of 1890. It appears he built his house at 1009 S. Seventh Street very soon afterwards for he is listed as living there in the 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory. The couple had seven children: Augusta, Laura, Frederick, George, Charles, Nina, and Amelia. Gustav worked as a plasterer. The family had lived in the neighborhood previously at 833 S. Seventh Street.271 1013 S. Seventh Street is listed in the Washington County Assessor's office as being built in 1912. 1014 S. Seventh Street is listed in the Washington County Assessor's Office as being built in 1920. In May of 1895, Ernest and Christian Blanke had William Hall build them a $750 house, which took the number, 1017 S. Seventh Street. In March of 1919, 24 years later, J. E. Blanke took out a building permit to construct a 20-by-22-foot barn on his Lot 15. The barn was to be "built complete of old lumber from a building torn down.272 The history of the dwelling at 1018 S. Seventh Street is confusing and uncertain. About the only fact that is certain is that by 1890, Herman Zorn was the owner and resident of the house.273 After the Second World War, in a time of expansion for Stillwater, 714 S. Seventh Street was built in 1949 on what appears to have a vacant lot. 815 S. Seventh Street was built in 1975. HANCOCK STREET HOUSES a20 W. Hancock and 516 W. Hancock Street were built in 1964. For whatever reasons, there have never been many houses south facing on the north side of W. Hancock Street HOLCOMBE STREET HOUSES According to Judy and Tyler Smith who were kind enough to contact me, their home at 611 S. Holcombe Street was moved to this location around 1964 when Highway 280 was being built in the Midway district of St. Paul/Minneapolis. It appears that the home at 615 S. Holcombe Street was built about 1880 by Luella Tuttle. The Tuttle family owned quite a bit of property in this area of the city.274 701 S. Holcombe and 913 S. Holcombe Street were built after the Second World War; the former in 1955, and the latter in 1948. Almeda Tuttle purchased Lots 24-28, Block 8, in 1880, and it appears, built a house around the turn of the century, which today has the number, 705 S. Holcombe. The Tuttle family lived at 601 W. Abbott, but owned considerable property in the neighborhood.275 271 31 Deeds 218; 1880 Census #217. 272 City of Stillwater Building Permits #853, #1709, #1837; Stillwater City Directory for 1898. 273 The 1890-91 Stillwater City Directory; 30 Deeds 37. 274 4 Deeds 320; 40 Deeds 155; SAM 78, Roll 13. 275 4 Deeds 319. 83 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition August Loeber, a Prussian immigrant, and his wife, Otelia, built the home at 917 S. Holcombe Street about 1874. Loeber worked as a clerk for one of the lumber companies. They lived in the house for more than two decades.276 William and Catherine Huser purchased Lots 20 & 21, Block 9, from Albert Zinke in April of 1874. About that time he built the house that remains at 921 S. Holcombe Street. Huser is listed in the Stillwater City Directory for 1877 as a teamster. Ten years later, only his wife is listed as living at this address.277 Alexander Albert Garbe bought Lot 19 from Churchill and Nelson in September of 1872, and, according to the tax assessor's records, he built his dwelling that today has the number, 1001 S. Holcombe Street, soon afterwards. Two years later, he bought the second lot, #20, of the two lots which make up this property. Garbe and his family lived in this residence for more than two decades.278 WILLARD STREET Blair McBeath, an attorney and manager of the collection department for the Northwest Thresher Company, contracted with local contractor, Frank Linner (pronounced Linear) & Co. in the summer of 1911 to build him a $4,000 two-story house, 30 feet by 32 feet with a hip roof. This attractive house took the number 203 E. Willard Street. From all evidence, this seems to replace an earlier house on these lots that was built by Michael O'Brien about 1874. The house number of that earlier house appears to have been 219 E. Willard.279 The story of 215 and 219 W. Willard Street is unclear. In the December 13, 1870, Stillwater Gazette, there is a citywide list of improvements meant to bolster the image of the city. Under residences, there is a note: "M. Kinsella, foundation for residence $1000". The following year, in the November 14, 1871, Stillwater Gazette, there is an additional note: Fourth Street, M. Kinsella, $500. Michael and Bridget Kinsella were building on Lots 28, 29, & 30, Block 5, that would be on the south side of Willard, between S. Fourth and S. Fifth Streets. On these three lots, the Kinsella's had both a house and a store, which may — or may not — have occupied the same building. The 1877 Stillwater City Directory lists: "Kinsella, Michael, grocer, cor. 5th & Goodwood, res. Same." [Goodwood was the first name of Willard Street.] In December of 1878, Michael Kinsella died in his store and his obituary was in the Stillwater Gazette, December 25, 1878. His store at Willard and Fifth Streets was in "what is known as Nelson's Field." In 1878, the assessed valuation of the three lots, including any buildings on them, was $1,800, indicating either one very large house, or two modest structures. The 1879 Bird's Eye View Map indicates two buildings on the lots. The question then becomes, what is the relationship between these early buildings, and the houses at 215 and 219 W. Willard that are there today? In June of 1902, a building permit for a $700 house to be built on Lot 30 was issued by the city. The owner (but not the occupant) was J. Ernest Blanke who lived at 1017 S. Seventh Street. The builder was E. Hall of Lindstrom. The building was to be 22 front feet and 30 feet deep, one -and -a -half story. While today, 219 W. Willard is a story -and -a -half house, the present owner tells me that it had originally been a two-story house. Thus neither residence really fits the description in the building permit, but then sometimes the building permits had the wrong lot numbers on them. 276 Z Deeds 36; 1880 Census #239; Stillwater City Directories 1877 & 1884; SAM 7, Roll 4. 277 SAM 7, Roll 4; X Deeds 565, 566. 278 SAM 7, Roll 3; X Deeds 105, 593; 1877 & 1884 Stillwater City Directories. 279 City of Stillwater Building Permit # 1463; 1906-7 Stillwater City Directory; T Deeds 740; 1884 Stillwater City Directory. 84 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition It is appealing — at least to us historians — to think that perhaps some part of Kinsella's store, the first of the South Hill grocery stores, built 132 years ago, remains in either 215 or 219 W. Willard Street. But unless some new evidence comes to light, we will probably never know for sure. 305 W. Willard Street was built in 1957. The oldest house which remains today, dating from before the Civil War, sits on a high hill at 313 W. Willard Street. Elizabeth Churchill sold Rudolph Lehmicke Lot 3 of Block 6, in April of 1861. He built a modest house on the lot valued at $450 in the 1863 Tax Assessor's records.280 Lehmicke, who was later to become a Washington County Probate Court Judge, moved out around 1865, and Kate and Thomas Powell moved in and purchased three additional lots from Elizabeth Churchill.281 By 1871, A.M. Dodd, who was later to become Register of Deeds for Washington County, had purchased the house. Three years later, he purchased two additional lots, 5 & 6, from Elizabeth Churchill thereby owning all of the six lots fronting W. Willard Street between S. Fifth and S. Sixth Streets.282 Frank Schwartz, a mill laborer, had local builder, William Bieging, build him a dwelling, 18 by 26 feet, one -and -one-half story, with a cost of $450 in April of 1887. This house took the number, 409 W. Willard Street. There was an older 1870's house just to the east with the number 401 W. Willard, which is now gone.283 It appears there was a small house at 415 W. Willard Street as early as 1877. The 1877 Stillwater City Directory lists: "Henry & Hannah Gabbert, lab, res. Goodwood, e. 7th". The 1881-82 Stillwater City Directory lists: "Theodore Reynolds, coachman, E. L. Hersey, r. Willard bet. 6th & 7th". By 1887, there is a third resident of the house: "Anton Wesestra, lab, res. 415 W. Willard". In May of 1885, Churchill sold the lots on which 421 W. Willard Street stood, to Theodore Plaster. However, the first Stillwater City Directory in 1877 already lists Theodore Plaster, blacksmith, residing at the corner of 7th and Willard. Peter J. Shattuck, a riverman, purchased Lots 3 & 4, Block 8, from Patrick O'Connell in September of 1882. According to the tax assessor's yearly record, he built a house valued at over $500 that same year, a house which today has the number, 511 W. Willard Street. Shattuck sold the property in 1892.284 John Hogan, a lumberman who worked at the river log Boom, bought his lots from Elizabeth Churchill in August of 1881. He must have built a small house soon afterwards, which took the number, 515 W. Willard Street. Hogan is listed as a resident at that address in the 1884 and 1890-91 Stillwater City Directories.285 Ludwig Joseph Mueller built the home at 521 W. Willard Street about 1891. He is listed in the Stillwater City Directory as a laborer.286 0303030303(.030303 3030t3030S0303030303 30303C.P303030103030t303 3030303030t30S 280 N Deeds 286; SAM 78, Roll 4 281 P Deeds 200, Q Deeds 551, R Deeds 481. 282 Z Deeds 211; 1877-83 Stillwater City Directories; SAM 78, Roll 8 & subsequent 283 City of Stillwater Building Permit #194. 284 8 Deeds 364; 10 Deeds 427; 35 Deeds 536; 1884 and 1887 Stillwater City Directories. 283 8 Deeds 345 2867 Deeds 169; 19 Deeds 254; City of Stillwater Building Permit (woodshed) #868; SAM 7, Roll 19. 85 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Appendix A Building dates (SORTED BY DATE) The following is a listing of the houses in the neighborhood by the date they were built. For over six months, I have researched these houses and their building dates. I have used the records of the yearly site visits by the tax assessor, which are now in the Minnesota State Archives; I have used the City of Stillwater Building Permits; I have used the deeds and mortgages found in the Washington County Recorder's Office. In short, I have thoroughly researched the dates that I present below. In many cases, particularly for those homes built before 1900, my building dates in bold will be different than the dates (in parenthesis) you have for your house. This difference in dates is generally the result of a real estate agent using the (in parenthesis) building date found in the Assessor's Office when listing the home for sale. Before 1900, these (in parenthesis) dates in the Assessor's Office are known to be generally inaccurate, and only meant to serve as a general guideline. 1863 (1875) Willard 313 W. 1868 (1872) Second 713 S. 1870 (1860) Second 807 S. 1870 (1872) Sixth St. 712 S. 1870 (1870) Third 703 S. 1870? (1870) First 920 S. 1870? (1870) Fifth 718 S. 1870? (1880) Fifth 712 S. 1870? (1880) Willard 219 W. 1870? (1885) Sixth St. 722 S. 1870? 1875 Willard 215 W. 1870's (1875) 1870's (1875) 1870's (1875) 1870's (1875) 1870's (1876) Fourth 713 S. Fourth 715 S. Seventh 706 S. Sixth St. 813 S. Fourth 820 S. 1870's (1862) Churchill 310 W. 1870's (1864) Fifth 708 S. 1870's (1872) Churchill 314 W. 1871 (1872) Third 1871 (1875) First 1871 (1892) Third 905 S. 711 S. 804 S. 1871 (1864) Fourth 816 S. 1871 (1873) Churchill 322 W. 1871 (1874) Seventh 812 S. 1871 (1875) Fourth 802 S. 1871 (1876) Seventh 731 S. 1871 (1878) Churchill 309 W. 1871 (1880) Fifth 824 S. 1872 (1880) Holcombe 1001 S. 1872 (1880) Sixth 916 S. 1872 (1885) Churchill 513 W. 1872 (1900) Churchill 421 W. 1872 (1862) Seventh 811 S. 1872 (1862) Seventh 818 S. 1872 (1864) Churchill 319 W. 1872 (1864) Sixth 814 S. 1872 (1874) Fifth 804 S. 1872 (1875) Sixth 810 S. 1872 (1876) Churchill 502 W. 1872?(1865) Seventh 719 S. 1872? (1872) Seventh 715 S. 1872? (1882) Churchill 514 W. 1872 (1878) Fourth 807 S. 86 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 1872 (1860) Second 720 S. 1872 (1872) Churchill 317 E. 1872 (1872) Fourth 801 S. 1872 (1872) Fourth 921 S. 1872 (1872) Second 723 S. 1872 (1880) Fourth 909 S. 1873 (1876) Fifth 715 S. 1873 (1880) Churchill 521 W. 1873 (1885) Fifth 823 S. 1873 (1888) Fourth 1006 S. 1873 (1860) Fourth 1009 S. 1873 (1864) Fourth 919 S. 1873 (1870) Second 903 S. 1873 (1876) Third 1021 S. 1873 (1880) Fourth 1019 S. 1873? (1880) Fourth815 S. 1874 (1862) Fifth 912 S. 1874 (1864) Fifth 1020 S. 1874 (1870) Fourth 924 S. 1874 (1872) Seventh 722 S. 1874(1874) Seventh 911 S. 1874(1874) Seventh 921 S. 1874 (1875) Sixth St. 720 S. 1874 (1878) Holcombe 917 S. 1874 (1880) Fifth 807 S. 1874 (1880) Fourth 716 S. 1874 (1880) Holcombe 921 S. 1874 (1875) Third 704 S. 1874 (1877) Third 904 S. 1874 (1880) Third 916 S. 1874 (1890) Second 814 S. 1875 (1873) Seventh 817 S. 1875 (1882) Sixth St. 1004 S. 1875 (1870) Second 709 S. 1875 (1875) Second 1001 S. 1876 (1880) Sixth St. 805 S. 1876 (1885) Seventh 918 S. 1876 (1875) Second 1004 S. 1876 (1875) Third 1010 S. 1876 (1876) Sixth Ave. 916 S. 1876 (1880) Second 914 S. 1876 (1880) Third 1002 S. 1877 (1875) Willard 421 W. 1877 (1870) Fifth 920 S. 1877 (1872) Seventh 923 S. 1877 (1874) Seventh 720 S. 1877 (1875) Sixth St. 723 S. 1877 (1875) Willard 415 W. 1877 (1878) Fifth 1002 S. 1877 (1873) Third 1014 S. 1877 (1874) Third 814 S. 1877 (1877) Third 1022 S. 1877 (1890) Fourth 719 S. 1877 (1895) Second 704 S. 1878 (1868) Sixth St 715 S. 1878 (1872) Seventh 726 S. 1878 (1875) Fourth 806 S. 1878 (1880) Fourth 720 S. 1878 (1880) Fourth 724 S. 1878 (1890) Fourth 810 S. 1878 (1890) Sixth St.1020 S. 1878 (1864) Second 911 S. 1878 (1870) Sixth Ave. 1016 S. 1878 (1878) Third 907 S. 1879 (1874) Second 1013 S. 1879 (1877) First 802 S. 1879 (1872) Sixth St 719 S. 1880's (1860) Second 910 S. 1880's (1875) First 1009 S. 1880's (1878) Fifth 921 S. 87 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 1880's (1901) Third 1001 S. 1880's (1875) Third 918 S. 1880 (1880) Holcombe 615 S. 1880 (1880) Seventh 702 S. 1880 (1880) Seventh 1006 S. 1880? (1878) Fifth 913 S. 1880 (1864) Third 801 S. 1880 (1864) Third 919 S. 1880 (1870) Third 807 S. 1880 (1885) Third 920 S. 1880 (1888) Third 805 S. 1880 (1895) Second 708 S. 1881 (1872) Seventh 910 S. 1881 (1874) Fifth 909 S. 1881 (1875) Willard 511 W. 1881 (1875) Willard 515 W. 1881 (1888) Sixth St. 919 S. 1881 (1875) First 712 S. 1881 (1875) Second 819 S. 1881 (1880) First 805 S. 1882 (1868) Sixth St. 1021 S. 1882 (1875) Sixth St. 923 S. 1882 (1880) Churchill 505 W. 1882 (1880) Fourth 916 S. 1882 (1882) Fifth 1003 S. 1882 (1885) Sixth St. 802 S. 1882 (1865) Second 1017 S. 1882 (1880) Second 920 S. 1882 (1880) Third 1006 S. 1882 (1880) Third 1009 S. 1882 (1890) Second 1012 S. 1882 (1890) Third 1007 S. 1883 (None given) Fourth 817 S. 1883 (1874) Sixth St. 1015 S. 1883 (1876) Seventh 725 S. 1883 (1878) Sixth St. 922 S. 1883 (1880) 1883 (1870) 1883 (1872) 1883 (1874) 1883 (1875) 1883 (1875) 1883 (1875) 1883 (1876) 1883 (1880) 1883 (1880) 1883 (1880) 1883 (1885) Fourth 1010 S. First 720 S. Churchill 303 E. Sixth Ave. 928 S. First 1007 S. Fourth 1001 S. Sixth Ave. 812 S. Fourth 913 S. First 801 S. Second 1018 S. Sixth Ave. 718 S. First 923 S. 1883? (1875) Churchill 215 E. 1883? (1880) First 1884 (1880) Fifth 1884 (1894) First 1884 (1876) Third 1884 (1880) First 1884 (1884) Third 1017 S.. 817 S. 912 S. 1013 S. 1002 S. 1003 S. 1885 (1872) Sixth Ave. 816 S. 1885 (1864) Sixth Ave. 1002 S. 1885? (1885) Third 718 S. 1885 (1870) Seventh 913 S. 1885? (1885) Seventh 922 S. 1885 (1870) First 709 S. 1885 (1879) Sixth Ave. 822 S. 1885 (1880) First 717 S. 1885 (1880) First 1013 S. 1886 (1872) Second 915 S. 1886 (1875) First 917 S. 1886 (1880) Churchill 218 E. 1886 (1880) First 919 S. 1886 (1882) Sixth Ave. 924 S. 1886 (1890) Third 913 S. 1886? (1880) Second 905 S. 88 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 1887 (1875) Willard 409 W. 1888 (1872) Sixth Ave. 910 S. 1888 (1874) First 1888 (1883) Fifth 1888 (1875) Third 915 S. 713 S. 719 S. 1888 (1880) Second 717 S. 1888 (1880) Sixth Ave. 704 S. 1889 (1876) Third 808 S. 1890's (None given) Third 822 S. 1890 Sixth St. 902 S. 1890 (1872) Seventh 810 S. 1890 (1872) Seventh 1009 S. 1890? (1890) Sixth St. 809 S. 1890 (1890) 1890 (1890) 1891 (1888) 1891 (1862) 1891 (1875) 1892 (1880) 1892 (1878) 1892 (1878) 1894 (1889) Second 806 S. Second 808 S. Second 822 S. Seventh 916 S. Willard 521 W. First 918 S. Churchill 404 W. Churchill 410 W. Second 904 S. 1894 Seventh 1018 S. 1894 (1890) Fifth 1895? 1876) First 1895 (1890) First 1895 (1893) Third 1016 S. 1006 S. 704 S. 821 S. 1895 (1896) Fourth 915 S. 1896 (1870) Second 815 S. 1896 (1892) Third 813 S. 1897 (1897) First 1018 S. 1900 Fourth 1022 S. 1901 (None given) Fourth 901 S. 1901 Sixth St. 1010 S. 1902 (1902) Third 811 S. 1902 Churchill 219 W. 1902 Holcombe 705 S. 1906? (1906) First 808 S. 1906 (1906) Third 906 S.. 1906 Fifth 1008 S. 1911 (1911) Willard 203 E. 1911 Churchill 416 W. 1911 (1910) Fifth 904 S. 1911 (1911) Fifth 908 S. 1912 (None given) Third 901 S. 1912 Seventh 1013 S. 1913 (1913) Second 712 S. 1913 Sixth St. 908 S. 1914 (1914) Third 712 S. 1914 Churchill 424 W. 1915 (1915) Churchill 114 W. 1918 (1913) Second 1008 S. 1920 Seventh 924 S. 1920 Seventh 1014 S. 1921 (1908) Seventh 1017 S. 1921 (1921) First 703 S. 1922 (1920) Second 1007 S. 1923 (None given) Fourth 823S. 1923 Sixth St. 1007 S. 1928 Sixth St. 911 S. 1939 (1939) Third 715 S. 1941 1946 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1948 1948 Fourth 704 S. Fourth 912 S. Churchill 304 E. First 817 S. Sixth Ave. 1010 S. Fifth 805 S. Churchill 413 W. Fifth 808 S. Fifth 811 S. Fifth 1019 S. 89 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 1948 1949 1950 1951 1955 1955 1956 1957 1960 1960 1961 1964 Holcombe 913 S. Seventh 714 S. Churchill 522 W. Churchill 313 W. Churchill 509 W. Holcombe 701 S. Fifth 1013 S. Willard 305 W. Holcombe 611 S. Sixth Ave. 808 S. Sixth St. 1002 S. Hancock 516 W. 1964 Hancock 520 W. 1964 Churchill 307 E. 1965 Fifth 812 S. 1965 Fifth 816 S. 1966 Fourth 710 S. 1975 Seventh 815 S. 1975 Sixth Ave. 712 S. 1980 Fifth 801 S. 1986 Fourth 1015 S. 1990 Sixth Street 1016 S. Commercial Fourth 826 S. Commercial Fourth 902 S. 90 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Appendix B Building Dates (SORTED BY ADDRESS) he following is a listing of the houses in the neighborhood by the address and date they were built. for over six months, I have researched these houses and their building dates. I have used the records of the yearly site visits by the tax assessor, which are now in the Minnesota State Archives; I have used the City of Stillwater Building Permits; I have used the deeds and mortgages found in the Washington County Recorder's Office. In short, I have thoroughly researched the dates that I present below. In many cases, particularly for those homes built before 1900, my building dates in bold will be different than the dates (in parenthesis) you have for your house. This difference in dates is generally the result of a real estate agent using the (in parenthesis) building date given in the Assessor's Office when listing the home for sale. Before 1900, these (in parenthesis) dates in the Assessor's Office are known to be generally inaccurate, and only meant to serve as a general guideline. Churchill E 215 1883? (1875) Churchill E. 218 1886 (1880) Churchill E. 303 1883 (1872) Churchill E. 304 1946 Churchill E 307 1964 Churchill E. 317 1872 (1872) Churchill W. 114 1915 (1915) Churchill W. 219 1902 Churchill W. 309 1871 (1878) Churchill W. 310 1870's? (1862) Churchill W. 313 1951 Churchill W. 314 1870's? (1872) Churchill W. 319 1872 (1864) Churchill W. 322 1871 (1873) Churchill W. 404 1892 (1878) Churchill W. 410 1892 (1878) Churchill W. 413 1948 Churchill W. 416 1911 Churchill W. 421 1872 (1900) Churchill W. 424 1914 Churchill W. 502 1872 (1876) Churchill W. 505 Churchill W. 509 Churchill W. 513 Churchill W. 514 Churchill W. 521 Churchill W. 522 Fifth S. 708 Fifth S. 712 Fifth S. 713 Fifth S. 715 Fifth S. 718 Fifth S. 801 Fifth S. 804 Fifth S. 805 Fifth S. 807 Fifth S. 808 Fifth S. 811 Fifth S. 812 Fifth S. 816 Fifth S. 817 Fifth S. 823 Fifth S. 824 1882 (1880) 1955 1872 (1885) 1872? (1882) 1873 (1880) 1950 1870's? (1864) 1870? (1880) 1888 (1883) 1873 (1876) 1870? (1870) 1980 1872 (1874) 1947 1874 (1880) 1948 1948 1965 1965 1884 (1880) 1873 (1885) 1871 (1880) 91 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. Fifth S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. 904 908 909 912 913 920 921 1002 1003 1008 1013 1016 1019 1020 0703 0704 0709 0711 0712 0717 0720 0801 0802 0805 0808 0817 0912 0915 0917 0918 0919 0920 0923 1002 1006 1911 (1910) 1911 (1911) 1881 (1874) 1874 (1862) 1880? (1878) 1877 (1870) 1880's? (1878) 1877 (1878) 1882 (1882) 1906 1956 1894 (1890) 1948 1874 (1864) 1921 (1921) 1895 (1890) 1885 (1870) 1871 (1875) 1881 (1875) 1885 (1880) 1883 (1870) 1883 (1880) 1879 (1877) 1881 (1880) ???? (1906) 1946 1884 (1894) 1888 (1874) 1886 (1875) 1892 (1880) 1886 (1880) ???? (1870) 1883 (1885) 1884 (1880) 1895? (1876) First S. First S. First S. First S. First S. Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth Fourth 1007 1009 1013 1017 1018 704 710 713 715 716 719 720 724 801 802 806 807 810 815 816 817 820 823 826 901 902 909 912 913 915 916 919 921 924 1001 1006 1883 (1875) 1880's (1875) 1885 (1880) 1883? (1880) 1897 (1897) 1941 1966 1870's (1875) 1870's (1875) 1874 (1880) 1877 (1890) 1878 (1880) 1878 (1880) 1872 (1872) 1871 (1875) 1878 (1875) 1872 (1878) 1878 (1890) 1873? (1880) 1871 (1864) 1883 (none given) 1870's (1876) 1923 (none given) Commercial 1901 (None given) Commercial 1872 (1880) 1946 1883 (1876) 1895 (1896) 1882 (1880) 1873 (1864) 1872 (1872) 1874 (1870) 1883 (1875) 1873 (1888) 92 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fourth S. 1009 1873 (1860) Fourth S. 1010 1883 (1880) Fourth S. 1015 1986 Fourth S. 1019 1873 (1880) Fourth S. 1022 1900 Hancock W. 516 1964 Hancock W. 520 1964 Holcombe S. 611 1960 Holcombe S. 615 1880 (1880) Holcombe S. 701 1955 Holcombe S. 705 1902 Holcombe S. 913 1948 Holcombe S. 917 1874 (1878) Holcombe S. 921 1874 (1880) Holcombe S. 1001 1872 (1880) Second S. 0704 1877 (1895) Second S. 0708 1880 (1895) Second S. 0709 1875 (1870) Second S. 0712 1913 (1913) Second S. 0713 1868 (1872) Second S. 0717 1888 (1880) Second S. 0720 1872 (1860) Second S. 0723 1872 (1872) Second S. 0806 1890 (1890) Second S. 0807 1870 (1860) Second S. 0808 1890 (1890) Second S. 0814 1874 (1890) Second S. 0815 1896 (1870) Second S. 0819 1881 (1875) Second S. 0822 1891 (1888) Second S. 0903 1873 (1870) Second S. 0904 1894 (1889) Second S. 0905 1886? (1880) Second S.0910 1880's (1860) Second S. 0911 1878 (1864) Second S. 0914 1876 (1880) Second S. 0915 1886 (1872) Second S. 0920 1882 (1880) Second S. 1001 1875 (1875) Second S. 1004 1876 (1875) Second S. 1007 1922 (1920) Second S. 1008 1918 (1913) Second S. 1012 1882 (1890) Second S. 1013 1879 (1874) Second S. 1017 1882 (1865) Second S. 1018 1883 (1880) Seventh S. 702 1880 (1880) Seventh S. 706 1870's (1875) Seventh S. 714 1949 Seventh S. 715 1872? (1872) Seventh S. 719 1872? (1865) Seventh S. 720 1877 (1874) Seventh S. 722 1874 (1872) Seventh S. 725 1883 (1876) Seventh S. 726 1878 (1872) Seventh S. 731 1871 (1876) Seventh S. 810 1890 (1872) Seventh S. 811 1872 (1862) Seventh S. 812 1871 (1874) Seventh S. 815 1975 Seventh S. 817 1875 (1873) Seventh S. 818 1872 (1862) Seventh S. 910 1881 (1872) Seventh S. 911 1874 (1874) Seventh S. 913 1885 (1870) Seventh S. 916 1891 (18620 Seventh S. 918 1876 (1885) Seventh S. 921 1874 (1874) Seventh S. 922 1885? (1885) Seventh S. 923 1877 (1872) 93 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Seventh Seventh Seventh Seventh Seventh Seventh Seventh Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. Sixth Ave. S. 924 S. 1006 S. 1009 S. 1013 S. 1014 S. 1017 S. 1018 S. 0704 S. 0712 S. 0718 S. 0808 S 0812 S. 0816 S. 0822 S. 0910 S. 0916 S. 0924 S. 0928 S. 1002 S. 1010 S. 1016 Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street Sixth Street 712 715 719 720 722 723 802 805 809 810 813 814 902 908 1920 1880 (1880) 1890 (1872) 1912 1920 1921 (1908) 1894 1888 (1880) 1975 1883 (1880) 1960 1883 (1875) 1885 (1872) 1885 (1879) 1888 (1872) 1876 (1876) 1886 (1882) 1883 (1874) 1885 (1864) 1947 1878 (1870) 1870 (1872) 1878 (1868) 1879 (1872) 1874 (1875) 1870? (1885) 1877 (1875) 1882 (1885) 1876 (1880) 1890? (1890) 1872 (1875) 1870's (1875) 1872 (1864) 1890 1913 Sixth Street S.911 1928 Sixth Street S. 916 1872 (1880) Sixth Street S. 919 1881 (1888) Sixth Street S. 922 1883 (1878) Sixth Street S. 923 1882 (1875) Sixth Street S. 1002 1961 Sixth Street S. 1004 1875 (1882) Sixth Street S. 1007 1923 Sixth Street S. 1010 1901 Sixth Street S. 1015 1883 (1874) Sixth Street S. 1016 1990 Sixth Street S. 1020 1878 (1890) Sixth Street S. 1021 1882 (1868) Third S. 0703 1870 (1870) Third S. 0704 1874 (1875) Third S. 0712 1914 (1914) Third S. 0715 1939 (1939) Third S. 0718 ???? (1885) Third S. 0719 1888 (1875) Third S. 0801 1880 (1864) Third S. 0804 1871 (1892) Third S. 0805 1880 (1888) Third S. 0807 1880 (1870) Third S. 0808 1889 (1876) Third S. 0811 1902 (1902) Third S. 0813 1896 (1892) Third S. 0814 1877 (1874) Third S. 0821 1895 (1893) Third S. 0822 1890's (None given) Third. S. 0901 1912 (none given) Third S. 0904 1874 (1877) Third S. 0905 1871 (1872) Third S. 0906 1906 (1906) Third S. 0907 1878 (1878) Third S. 0913 1886 (1890) 94 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Third S. 0916 1874 (1880) Third S. 0918 1880's (1875) Third S. 0919 1880 (1864) Third S. 0920 1880 (1885) Third S. 1001 1880's (1901) Third S. 1002 1876 (1880) Third S. 1003 1884 (1884) Third S. 1006 1882 (1880) Third S. 1007 1882 (1890) Third S. 1009 1882 (1880) Third S. 1010 1876 (1875) Third S. 1013 1884 (1876) Third S. 1014 1877 (1873) Third S. 1021 1873 (1876) Third S. 1022 1877 (1877) Willard E. 0203 1911 (1911) Willard W.215 1870? 1875 Willard W.219 1870? (1880) Willard W.305 1957 Willard W.313 1863 (1875) Willard W.409 1887 (1875) Willard W.415 1877 (1875) Willard W.421 1877 (1875) Willard W.511 1881 (1875) Willard W.515 1881 (1875) Willard W.521 1891 (1875) 95 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Appendix C These are the names, addresses and occupations for this neighborhood from the 1894-1895 R.L. Polk and Co. City Directory. If you had lived in this area a century ago, these would have been your neighbors, the people you knew. The first address is the home address; a second address (when given) would be the address of their work place. These Directories are not always complete, and they have their share of misinformation. Despite the mistakes, however, I think this is a good representation of who lived in the neighborhood and what they did for a living. Res. means generally the home owner; Bds. means a boarder, often an adult child of the home owner. Churchill E. 215, McDonough, John, laborer, bds. Churchill E. 215, McDonough, Miles, lumberman, bds. Churchill E. 215, McDonough, Peter, drayman, res. Churchill E. 218, Nichol, James A. lumberman, res. Churchill E. 303, Shaunessy, Daniel, laborer, bds. Churchill E. 303, Shaunessy, James P. (Nordstrom & Shaunessy), bds. Churchill E. 303, Shaunessy, Mary (wid. John), res. Churchill E. 303, Shaunessy, Mary, milliner, bds. Churchill W. 117, Walsh, James W., lumberman, res. Churchill W. 215, McDonough, John, laborer, bds. Churchill W. 215, McDonough, Miles, lumberman, bds. Churchill W. 215, McDonough, Peter, drayman, res. Churchill W. 218, Loeber, Christina, domestic, Churchill W. 218, Nichol, James A., lumberman, res. Churchill W. 219, Olson, Elmer, clerk, bds. Churchill W. 219, Olson, Joseph, street commissioner, res. Churchill W. 303, Giebler, George, butcher D. J. Hooley, res. Churchill W. 310, Currie, Sarah J., (widow, John) res. Churchill W. 310, Sandahl, Charles, cook, res. Churchill W. 319, Garen, Florence, Furniture & Undertaker 310 S. Main, res. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. 322, Thompson, Alice, student Stillwater Business College, bds. 322, Thompson, Charles, lumberman, bds. 322, Thompson, Levi, Wood and Coal, 115 N. Main, res. 404, Barter, Arthur, lumberman, res. 404, Barter, Robert, lumberman, res. Churchill W. 410, McClellan, Alexander, lumberman, res. 96 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Churchill W. Fifth S. 0712, Fifth S. 0713, Fifth S. 0713, Fifth S. 0715, Fifth S. 0715, Fifth S. 0718, Fifth S. 0804, Fifth S. 0804, Fifth S. 0804, Fifth S. 0804, Fifth S. 0805, Fifth S. 0807, Fifth S. 0807, Fifth S. 0807, Fifth S. 0811, Fifth S. 0816, 421, Johnson, Harry S., stenographer, bds. 421, Kane, Thomas A., teamster, res. 424, Chase, William L, driver Bronson & Folsom, res. 502, McGrath, Andrew, lumberman, res. 502, McGrath, John, lumberman, bds. 502, McGrath, Nancy (widow John), res. 505, Mosier, Thomas, rafter, bds. 505, O'Brien, John, rafter, bds. 505, Singleton, William, teamster, bds. 505, Whelan, James, laborer, bds. 505, Whelan, John, laborer G. H. Atwood, res. 505, Whelan, William, rafter, bds. 513, Nelson, John M., res. 514, Curtis, John Jr., mason, bds. 514, Curtis, John, mason, res. 514, Noonan, Timothy, horseshoer Wm. Noonan, res. 521, Kern, George, laborer G. H. Atwood, res. Fifth S. 0817, Chestnut, bds Fifth S. 0817, Weiss, Balthasar, ice, res. Olson, Mary, milliner L. Albenberg, bds. Olson, Oscar J. manager R. A. Kirk, res. Collins, John, bds. Collins, Patrick, Asst Health Officer, res. Lane, Mary (widow John), res. Millbrook, Christina, milliner A.C. Schuttinger, bds. Millbrook, David, mason, res. Millbrook, Herman, clerk Joseph Dahm, bds. Millbrook, Mary, clerk Singer Mnfg. Co, bds. Ziegler, Fritz, Saloon 302 N. Main, res. Morgan, Frederica, dressmaker G. C. Morgan, bds. Morgan, Georgia C., dressmaker 117 E. Chestnut, bds. Morgan, Hannah (widow John), res. Hohlt, Gottlieb, drayman, res. Sliger, Amelia, res. Goodman, James, Insurance, Real Estate, and Employment Agency, 14 Tepass Block, 231 E. McFarlane, Edmund J., travel agent, res. 97 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fifth S. 0817, McFarlane, Edward, travel agent, bds. Fifth S. 0817, Ulrich, Amanda, domestic Fifth S. 0823, Peterson, Anne (widow Andrew) bds. Fifth S. 0824, Clark, George, laborer, res. Fifth S. 0824, Gowan, George, lumberman, res. Fifth S. 0904, Becker, Emma V., dressmaker, bds. Fifth S. 0904, Becker, Ferdinand, teamster, res. Fifth S. 0904, Becker, Frederick, clerk. J. J. Eichten, bds. Fifth S. 0904, Becker, John C., teamster, bds. Fifth S. 0909, Pankonin, Ferdinand, laborer, East Side Lbr. Co, res. Fifth S. 0912, Wentzel, Frank, collector, Stillwater Gazette, bds. Fifth S. 0912, Wentzel, Melvin H. porter, Union Depot, bds. Fifth S. 0912, Wentzel, William J. works G. H. Atwood, res. Fifth S. 0913, Goff, Rufus E., lumberman, res. Fifth S. 0920, Tobisch, Ferdinand, canvasser, res. Fifth S. 0920, Tobisch, Mrs. Anna, Midwife, res. Fifth S. 0920, Tobisch„ Frank, florist Frank Berry, bds. Fifth S. 0921, Greeder, William, lumberman, res. Fifth S. 0921, McFarlane, Annie, folder Clewell & Easton, bds. Fifth S. 0921, McFarlane, Catherine M., bds. Fifth S. 1002, Kreger, Henry, driver, res. Fifth S. 1003, Brigan, Albert, laborer, bds. Fifth S. 1003, Brigan, Hiram, lumberman, bds. Fifth S. 1003, Brigan, William, lumberman, res. Fifth S. 1003, Kemper, Frank H., driver L. Thompson, res. Fifth S. 1004, Smith, Charles G., laborer, res. Fifth S. 1008, Savage, Eugene, janitor Central School, res. Fifth S. 1008, Savage, Harry, laborer, bds. Fifth S. 1020, Dougherty, Thomas, lumberman, bds. Fifth S. 1020, McGrath, Frank P., teamster, bds. Fifth S. 1020, McGrath, John V., laborer, bds. Fifth S. 1020, McGrath, Paul, lumberman, bds. Fifth S. 1020, McLeer, Michael J., rafter Musser S. L. L. & Mnfg, Co, res. First S. 0709, Moorhead, James H., res. First S. 0709, Wilton, Isabel (wid John), res. First S. 0711, Kuhn, John M. photographer 109 S. Main, res. First S. 0711, Kuhn, Louis J. photographer J. M. Kuhn, bds. First S. 0711, Seymour, Lewis W., cashier Minn Mercantile Co, bds. 98 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition First S. 0717, Miller, Annie, dressmkr, bds. First S. 0717, Miller, Elizabeth, milliner Mrs. L. Seeba, bds. First S. 0717, Miller, John A., clerk, bds. First S. 0717, Miller, John L., house mover, res. First S. 0717, Miller, Lawrence, clk, Minn Thresher Mnfg. Co, bds. First S. 0717, Miller, Rose, milliner Mrs. L. Seeba, bds. First S. 0717, Miller, Tracy, ashier L. Albenberg, bds. First S. 0717, Seeba, Mrs. Lena, milliner 211 E. Chestnut, res. First S. 0801, Prince, Henry B., Ins. Agts, Real Estate and Loans, res. First S. 0802, Gates, Charles D., carpenter, res. First S. 0805, Cowles, Wm. C., bds. First S. 0805, Cowles, Wm. E., reporter Stillwater Messenger, res. First S. 0912, Ryan, John A., laborer, res. First S. 0915, Cook, Christopher C., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co, res. First S. 0915, Gast, Herman, laborer, bds. First S. 0915, Gist, Herman, laborer, bds. First S. 0917, Archibald, Judson, lumberman, res. First S. 0918, Ries, Charles E., clk Joseph Wolf, res. First S. 0918, Rump, Annie, domestic. First S. 0919, Carroll, Minnie, domestic. First S. 0919, Glynn, Patrick, rafter, res. First S. 0919, Lyons, Henry J. laborer, res. First S. 0923, Blankenhorn, Louis, laborer, G. H. Atwood, bds. First S. 0923. Blankenhorn, Frederica, (wid. Phillip), res. First S. 1002, Wolf, Louis, bartender 402 S. Main, res. First S. 1007, Meyer, William J., harnessmkr G. Borrowman, res. First S. 1009, Zieger, Louis F., laborer Florence Mill Co, res. First S. 1013, Wojahn, August, carpenter, res. First S. 1017, Doyle, Austin, laborer, bds. First S. 1017, Doyle, Edmund W., teamster, bds. First S. 1017, Doyle, Stephen, lumberman, res. Fourth S. 0701, Schmid, Stephen, janitor, St. Michael's Church, res. Fourth S. 0702, Gruber, Gottlieb, umbrella mender, res. Fourth S. 0702, Waseschi, Clara (widow Anton) res. Fourth S. 0703, Sachi, Anton, compositor, St. Croix Post, res. 99 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fourth S. 0706, Dustin, Mark, cook, bds. Fourth S. 0706, Leonard, Albert H., rafter, bds. Fourth S. 0706, Leonard, William H., laborer, res. Fourth S. 0706, Nelson, Frank, hostler Stewart & O'Shea, res. Fourth S. 0710, McPike, Alice, dressmaker, bds. Fourth S. 0710, McPike, Charles, lumberman, res. Fourth S. 0713, Barter, Ernest, rafter, Musser Mnfg. Co, bds. Fourth S. 0713, Kerr, Evelyn W. (Gagne & Kerr) res. Fourth S. 0716, Hart, Patrick F. engineer, res. Fourth S. 0716, Kehoe, Mark, laborer, bds. Fourth S. 0719, Edwards, George F., painter, res. Fourth S. 0719, Mooney, Charles, teamster, res. Fourth S. 0720, Utecht, John (Utecht Bros), res. Fourth S. 0724, Litfin, Frank, engineer, Florence Mill Co, res. Fourth S. 0801, Barron, Ernest J., laborer, bds. Fourth S. 0801, Barron, James P., laborer, bds. Fourth S. 0801, Barron, Thomas E., laborer, bds. Fourth S. 0801. Barron, Patrick, laborer, res. Fourth S. 0802, Mealey, Alfred, lumberman, bds. Fourth S. 0802, Mealey, George, bartender 209 E. Chestnut, bds. Fourth S. 0802, Mealey, John, policeman, res. Fourth S. 0806, Johnson, Catherine, dressmaker, bds. Fourth S. 0806, Johnson, James 0, clerk L. Albenberg & Co, res. Fourth S. 0806, Kuehn Rudolph A, (Kuehn & Nehring [florists]), res. Fourth S. 0806, Nehring, Robert (Kuehn & Nehring), bds. Fourth S. 0807, Curtis, Frank, driver T.C. Kilty, bds. Fourth S. 0807, Kilty, James D., clerk, bds. Fourth S. 0807, Kilty, Timothy, res. Fourth S. 0810, Wolf, Clara, domestic. Fourth S. 0810, Michaud, David (Lupien & Michaud), res. Fourth S. 0815, Kilty, John J., mngr T.C. Kilty, 313 E. Chestnut, res. Fourth S. 0816, Goodman, Phillip, res. Fourth S. 0817, Johnson, Julda, domestic. Fourth S. 0817, Kelly, James, bds. Fourth S. 0817, Kilty, Timothy C., Commission Wood & Coal, 313 E. Chestnut, res. Fourth S. 0817, Meagher, Sarah, dressmkr, res. Fourth S. 0820, Cote, Arthur, laborer, res. 100 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fourth S. 0820, Belisle, Philomene (wid. Narcisse), carpet weaver, res. same. Fourth S. 0820, Belisle, Samuel, clerk Linder & Erickson, bds. Fourth S. 0822, Bergin, Patrick, rafter, res. Fourth S. 0822, Hiltz, George, lumberman, bds. Fourth S. 0822, Hiltz, John, laborer, res. Fourth S. 0822, Ward, James H., grocer, res. 909 S. 4th. Fourth S. 0909, Snyder, Bernice, domestic Fourth S. 0909, Ward, James H., grocer 822 S. Fourth, res. Fourth S. 0902, Hooley, Dennis J. meats Fourth S. 0906, Forsythe, Alexander, laborer D. J. Hooley, bds. Fourth S. 0906, Giebler, John, driver D. J. Hooley, bds. Fourth S. 0906, Giebler, Lena, domestic Fourth S. 0906, Hooley, Dennis J. meats 902 S. 4th, res. Fourth S. 0906, Larson, Carl, driver D. J. Hooley, bds. Fourth S. 0910, Kelley, Joseph, laborer, bds. Fourth S. 0910, McLellan, Walter J., laborer, res. Fourth S. 0913, McGee, Edward, mason, res. Fourth S. 0915, Walsh, Theresa C., artist, bds. Fourth S. 0916, Dyson, Charles (Fitzgerald & Co.) res. Fourth S. 0916, Nordstrom, Charles A., laborer, res. Fourth S. 0919, Cochran, Michael, laborer, res. Fourth S. 0919, White, Henry, lumberman, res. Fourth S. 0921, Crowley, James, rafter, bds. Fourth S. 0921, Crowley, John, rafter, bds. Fourth S. 0921, Crowley, Timothy, lumberman, res. Fourth S. 0924, Clancy, Maurice, res. Fourth S. 0924, Quigley, Margaret, domestic Fourth S. 1001, Buggy, Edward, teamster, res. Fourth S. 1001, Keen Frank, lumberman, res. Fourth S. 1006, McCallan, Gertrude, telephone operator, bds. Fourth S. 1006, McCallan, Lillie, principal, Nelson School, bds. Fourth S. 1006, McCallan, Nettie, teacher, bds. Fourth S. 1006, McCallan, Thomas, tailor 216 Main, res. Fourth S. 1010, Garbe, Emil J., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co., res. Fourth S. 1010, Gedatus, Paul, laborer, bds. Fourth S. 1010, Meisner, August C., tailor, res. Fourth S. 1010, Meisner, Henry L, teamster, bds. Fourth S. 1010, Tollas, Charles, laborer, bds. Fourth S. 1010, Meisner, James E., clerk O'Neal Bros, bds. 101 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Fourth S. 1010, Meisner, Joseph, elevator operator Torinus block, bds. Fourth S. 1010, Meisner, William E., bds. Fourth S. 1019, Morissey, Ellen, dressmkr, res. Fourth S. 1019, Morrissey, Thomas, res. Fourth S. 1014, Arndt, John, travel agent, res. Fourth S. 1022, Carroll, William, Saloon 102 S. Main, res. Fourth S. 1022, Roettger, Clara A., domestic, bds. Hancock W. 524, Elias, Mrs. Katherine, res. Holcombe S. 0615, Tuttle, Benton T., lumberman, res. Holcombe S. 0615, Tuttle, Thomas B., lumberman, res. Holcombe S. 0913, Gust, Willam, laborer H. A. Kunzmann, res. Holcombe S. 0917, Loeber, August, clerk, R. A. Kirk, res. Holcombe S. 0921, Huser, Albert, clerk C. Heitman, bds. Holcombe S. 0921, Huser, Catherine (widow William) res. Holcombe S. 1001, Garbe, Alexander A., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co., res. Holcombe S. 1001, Garbe, Alexander C., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co., bds. Holcombe S. 1001, Garbe, August F., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co., bds. Holcombe S. 1009, Klatt, Charles, laborer, res. Holcombe S. 1009, Klatz, Charles, laborer, res. Second S. 0704, Dailey, Lawson W., res. Second S. 0704, Doe, Frederick P., clerk A.K. Doe, bds. Second S. 0704, Nelson, Christine, domestic. Second S. 0708, Karst, John (Eagle Hardware Co.) res. Second S. 0708, Stewart, Edward, lumberman, bds. Second S. 0712, Brower, Rose, domestic, Second S. 0712, Pennington, Fred (Sauntry, Pennington & Co, logs, res. Second S. 0713, Blaisdell, Ethel, student, Stillwater Business Col., res. Second S. 0713, Blaisdell, Mrs. Mary, res. Second S. 0717, Lupien, Emma D, dressmkr A. C. Schuttinger, bds. Second S. 0717, Lupien, Joseph (Lupien & Michaud) res. Second S. 0723, Griffin, Edith, bookkeeper P.N. Peterson, bds. Second S. 0723, Griffin, Frank H., laboer G.H. Atwood, bds. Second S. 0723, Griffin, James H. carpenter Josiah Batchelder, res. Second S. 0723, Griffin, Victor, wks G. H. Atwood, bds. Second S. 0806, Dwyer, James W., sawyer St. Croix L Co., res. Second S. 0808, Grace, Frank L. (F.L. Grace & Co), res. 102 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Second S. 0809, Bowman, George M., cashier, CM & St. P Ry, res. Second S. 0814, Mary A. Marsh (wid. Michael) res. Second S. 0814, Thayer, Thomas A., Agt C M & St. P Ry, Water nr. Chestnut, res. Second S. 0819, Shattuck, Francis, lumberman, bds. Second S. 0819, Shattuck, Thomas, policeman, res. Second S. 0903, Sullivan, Eliza, dressmaker, bds. Second S. 0903, Sullivan, John, lumberman, res. Second S. 0905, Nelson, Alexander, rafter, res. Second S. 0905, Sullivan, Timothy, laborer, res. Second S. 0910, Scott, Bessie, seamstress, bds. Second S. 0910, Scott, Fred, Druggist 202 E. Chestnut & S. Stillwater, res. Second S. 0911, Carlson, Alfred F., res. Second S. 0911, Carlson, Sophia, (wid. John), bds. Second S. 0911, Orff, Frank J., teamster, res. Second S. 0912, Gust, Bertha (wid. Wm) res. Second S. 0914, Phalen, James W., policeman, res. Second S. 0915, Lowe, George E., eng. C St. P M. & O. Ry, res. Second S. 0915, Seibert, Catherine (wid. Jacob), res. Second S. 0920, Kelm, Adolph, oiler Florence Mill Co, bds. Second S. 0920, Kelm, Ferdinand, lab. Florence Mill Co., bds. Second S. 0920, Kelm, Gustav, machinist, bds. Second S. 0920, Kelm, Herman (Hillskotter & Kelm) res. Second S. 0920, Kilm, Herman, Jr., cooper, bds. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, Zacharias, res. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, Delphina, dressmkr, res. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, Isaac E., clk J. O'Shaughnessy, bds. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, Isaac, laborer, res. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, John, laborer, bds. Second S. 1001, Arsanault, Thomas, laborer, G. H. Atwood, bds. Second S. 1001, Boudage, Peter, laborer, bds. Second S. 1001, Bugle, Peter, rafter, res. Second S. 1001, Martineau, Armino, laborer, bds. Second S. 1001, Smith, Daniel, raftsman, bds. Second S. 1002, Maggie McMahon, dressmkr, bds. Second S. 1004, Kellogg, Delbert, laborer, bds. Second S. 1004, Kellogg, Luman T., res. Second S. 1004, Kellogg, Wm. H., lab. C. T. Goodrich, bds. Second S. 1007, Crocker, Richard, raftsman, res. 103 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Second S. 1007, Hidde, Millie, sewer T. Miller, bds. Second S. 1008, Ballard, Sydney, painter, bds. Second S. 1008, Smith, Merritt, popcorn, res. Second S. 1012, Belisle, Joseph, Wood, carpets, parquet flooring..., res. Second S. 1012, Grant, Edward, foreman Durant & Wheeler, res. Second S. 1013, Lee, Orris E., lawyer, 11 Torinus blk, res. Second S. 1017, Masterman, Joseph P. clerk County Auditor, res. Second S. 1018, Hansen, Andrew E., travel agent, res. Second S. 1018, Willman, Frederick, jeweler 201 S. Main, res Second S. 1102, Sullivan, Alice, teacher, bds. Second S. 1102, Sullivan, Catherine, teacher Central School, bds. Second S. 1102, Sullivan, Daniel J. travel agent, res. Second S. 1102, Sullivan, Elizabeth, teacher, bds. Second S. 1102, Sullivan, John H., res. Seventh S. 0702, Monson, Christian, driver F. Garen, bds. Seventh S. 0702, Monson, Ole, Boots and Shoes Made To Order, res. Seventh S. 0707, Krevinghause, Henry, driver C. Heitman, bds. Seventh S. 0715, Seiberlich, Leopold P. carpenter, res. Seventh S. 0716, Seiberlich, Joseph, cabinetmaker Simonet Bros, res. Seventh S. 0719, Arsanault, Andrew, rafter, res. Seventh S. 0719, Kutz, Herman (H. Kutz & Co. [contractors & builders]), res. Seventh S. 0720, McLane, Michael'D., laborer, res. Seventh S. 0720, Keeler, William, tallyman, bds. Seventh S. 0722, Jamieson, William, lumberman, bds. Seventh S. 0722, McNally, Amy E. (widow George) res. Seventh S. 0725, Biers, Frank F., laborer, res. Seventh S. 0725, Weideman, August, engineer Doud Sons & Co, res. Seventh S. 0725, Wojahn, Augusta (widow Martin), bds. Seventh S. 0726, George F. Allen, rafter Musser S. L. L. & Mnfg Co. res. Seventh S. 0731, Beecroft, Isaiah, laborer, res. Seventh S. 0809, Sheahan, John, res. Seventh S. 0810, Erlitz, Albert, mason, res. Seventh S. 0811, Then, Joseph, carpenter, res. 104 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Seventh S. 0812, Ratican, George Jr., rafter, bds. Seventh S. 0812, Ratican, George, rafter Musser S L L & Mnfg, Co. res. Seventh S. 0812, Ratican, Thomas, barber S. H. Hadley, bds. Seventh S. 0817, Underhill, Robert, rafter Musser S L L & Mnfg. Co, res. Seventh S. 0817, Weber, Frederick, res. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, Catherine A., stenographer Minn Thresher Mnfg. Co., bds. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, Dennis, laborer, res. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, Jeremiah, lumberman, bds. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, John W., clerk, bds. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, Robert J., lumberman, bds. Seventh S. 0818, Keyes, William F., lumberman, bds. Seventh S. 0818, Walsh, William F., mail carrier, bds. Seventh S. 0910, Plaster, Albert T., laborer, East Side Lbr. Co, res. Seventh S. 0913, Arndt, Joseph, cooper, res. Seventh S. 0916, Bartkey, August, laborer, res Seventh S. 0916, Butke, August, laborer, res. Seventh S. 0918, Apmann, John, laborer, res. Seventh S. 0921, Barthol, Joseph, laborer, res. Seventh S. 0923, Zorn, Herman Jr., laborer, bds. Seventh S. 0923, Zorn, Michael, res. Seventh S. 0924, Kietzmann, Adolph, baker E. Gust, bds. Seventh S. 0924, Kietzmann, Edward, apprentice St. Croix Post, bds. Seventh S. 0924, Kietzmann, Emil Jr, laborer, bds. Seventh S. 0924, Kietzmann, Emil, carpenter St. Croix Lbr. Co, res. Seventh S. 1006, Sprich, Adolph, carpenter, bds. Seventh S. 1006, Sprich, Charles F., laborer G. H. Atwood, bds. Seventh S. 1006, Sprich, Emil, carpenter, res. Seventh S. 1009, Tollas, Frederick, laborer G. H. Atwood, res. Seventh S. 1009, Tollas, George A., bds. Seventh S. 1017, Blanke, Christian, bds. Seventh S. 1017, Blanke, Ernest, laborer, res. Seventh S. 1018, Zorn, Herman, laborer East Side Lbr. Co, res. Seventh S. 1018, Zorn, Mrs. Antenea, dressmaker, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0718, Jack, Charles B., lawyer, 12 Mower blk, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0808, Walsh, Robert, laborer G H Atwood, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0812, Drake, Addison H., barber, res. 105 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition, Sixth Ave. S. 0816, Strudwick, Joseph, tinner H Heisel & Co., bds. Sixth Ave. S. 0816, Whalen, Edward, lumberman, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0816, Yost, Nicholas, Painter & Paperhanger, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0822, Drews, Leo H., clerk, bds. Sixth Ave. S. 0904, Collopy, John E., wagonmaker, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0910, Stache, Richard, laborer, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0910, Stocker, Richard, laborer, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0924, O'Rourke, John F., guard, Minn State Prison, res. Sixth Ave. S. 0928, Ward, James E., laborer, res. Sixth Ave. S. 1002, Assels, Thomas, laborer,res. Sixth Ave. S. 1002, McRae, John, lumberman, res. Sixth Ave. S. 1002, Tozier, Walter, laborer, res. Sixth Ave. S. 1002, Wagner, Hannah, domstic. Sixth Ave. S. 1010, Doherty, Patrick, laborer, res. Sixth Ave. S. 1016, Greeder, Gottlieb, teamster, res. Sixth S. 0712, Cramer, Henry, carpenter, res. Sixth S. 0712, Lueken, Henry, cooper, res. Sixth S. 0712, Scheurer, William, baker C. Heitman, res. Sixth S. 0715, Goff, Eliphalet N., lumberman, res. Sixth S. 0715, Goff, Frederick, lumberman, bds. Sixth S. 0719, Sinclair, John, rafter Musser S L L & Mnfg. Co, res. Sixth S. 0720, Pretzel, John, cooper Joseph Wolf, res. Sixth S. 0722, Goff, Emma B., clerk, bds. Sixth S. 0722, Goff, John S., cook, res. Sixth S. 0723, Wohlers, William, laborer, res. Sixth S. 0802, Reutimann, Frank, Painter & Paperhanger 304 N. Main, res. Sixth S. 0805, McCarthy, James R., lumberman, res. Sixth S. 0809, Soller, Alfred, carpenter, res. Sixth S. 0809, Tuller, Alfred, carpenter, res. Sixth S. 0810, Manthey, Anton, laborer G. H. Atwood, res. Sixth S. 0814, Heron, Benjamen, rafter, bds. Sixth S. 0814, Heron, Charles, lumberman, bds. Sixth S. 0814, Heron, Esther (widow Benjamen) res. 106 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Sixth S. 0814, Heron, Henry, laborer, bds. Sixth S. 0902, Kilty, John, lumberman, res. Sixth S. 0904, Collopy, John E. wagon maker 232 S. 2d, res. Sixth S. 0916, Foster, Edward G, clerk, County Treasurer, res. Sixth S. 0919, Arndt, August, shoemaker, McLaughlin & Kilty, res. Sixth S. 0919, Arndt, John, bds Sixth S. 0922, Zorn, William, laborer G. H. Atwood, res. Sixth S. 0923, Fox, Melvina (widow William), nurse, res. Sixth S. 1004, Short, James A, driver O"neal Bros, res. Sixth S. 1004, Walsh, Amy, bds. Sixth S. 1007, Hendrickson, Christian, bds. Sixth S. 1007, Hendrickson, Lena (widow Peter), res. Sixth S. 1015, Schmoeckel, Albert, mason, res. Sixth S. 1015, Schmoeckel, Emma, seamstress, bds. Sixth S. 1015, Schmoeckel, Minnie, clerk A. C. Schuttinger, bds, Sixth S. 1016, Cates, B. Ellsworth, lumberman, bds. Sixth S. 1016, Cates, Timothy L, laborer, res. Sixth S. 1016, Hodnett, Albert, laborer, bds. Sixth S. 1016, McInnis, Angus, laborer, bds. rear Sixth S. 1016, McInnis, Daniel, laborer, res. rear Sixth S. 1021, Ratican, Thomas J., lumberman, bds. Sixth S. 1021, Ratican, Thomas, lumberman, res. Sixth S. 1021, Ratican, William J., lumberman, bds. Sixth S. 1022, Arndt, Joseph, butcher, res. Third S. 0702, O'Shaughnessy, John, Boots & Shoes, 224 E. Chestnut, res. Third S. 0704, Tozer, David Jr., supt. David Tozer, bds. Third S. 0704, Tozer, David, Pres. Stillwater Lumber Co., res. Third S. 0704, Tozer, Fred M., bookkeeper David Tozer, bds. Third S. 0712, Kreger, Bertha, domestic. Third S. 0713, Culbertson, Mary, domestic Third S. 0713, McCarthy, Daniel J., clerk Minn Thresher Mnfg. Co, bds. Third S. 0713, McCarthy, John B. res. Third S. 0718, Dewey, Frank M., farmer, bds. Third S. 0718, Dewey, John J., machinist, res. Third S. 0718, Dewey, Mrs. May, dressmaker, res. Third S. 0718, Doe, Alpheus E., lawyer, 12 Mower blk, res. 107 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Third S. 0719, Barthol, Mary, domestic Third S. 0719, Gillespie, Catherine (wid John), res. Third S. 0719, Lawler, Michael, explorer, bds. Third S. 0801, Gates, William R., compositor, Stillwater Gazette, res. Third S. 0804, Hursey, Arthur W., bds. Third S. 0804, Hursey, Etta L., student, Stillwater Business College, bds. Third S. 0804, Hursey, Wilmot A., oil dealer, res. Third S. 0805, Rice, Benjamen F, harnessmkr 209 N. 2nd, res. Third S. 0808, Davis, Horace W., bkpr Musser Mnfg. Co, res. Third S. 0808, Fisher, Martha, domestic. Third S. 0809, Christianson, Inga, (wid. Daniel), bds. Third S. 0814, Goggin, Mary (wid. Wm) bds. Third S. 0814, Joy, Oscar L., foreman, Musser SLL & Mnfg. Co, res. Third S. 0821, Reier, Rose, domestic. Third S. 0822, Capron, Mary E., (wid. Wm M.), res. Third S. 0903, Burlingham, Daniel L., Burlingham & Wilson, res. Third S. 0903, Oberg, Louisa, domestic. Third S. 0904, Johnson, Matilda, domestic. Third S. 0904, Joy, Frank E., Chief, Stillwater Fire Dept, res. Third S. 0907, Foley, James W., bookkeeper Mulvey & Carmichael, res. Third S. 0907, Gleeson, Timothy P. mngr Singer Mnfg. Co, res. Third S. 0907, Swanson, Anna, domestic. Third S. 0908, Anderson, Adolph, driver, A.C. Schuttinger,bds. Third S. 0910, Hintz, Mary, domestic. Third S. 0910, Schuttinger, August G., General Merchandise & Ladies Bazaar, 214-218 S. Main, res. Third S. 0910, Spencer, Eda M., clerk A.C. Schuttinger, bds. Third S. 0915, Deardorff, Charles L., collector A.W. Pattee, res. Third S. 0915, Gillespie, James, cook, res. Third S. 0916, Burns, Daniel, laborer, res. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Ambrose, cook, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Ellen, dressmkr, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Mary, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Michael, lumberman, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Richard A., cook, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Richard, lumberman, res. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Sylvester, lumberman, bds. Third S. 0916, Cloney, Thomas H., cook, bds. 108 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Third S. 0918, Lund, Ida, domestic. Third S. 0918, Masterman, Joseph, bds. Third S. 0918, Masterman, Wellington C., ins. agt, 18 Torinus blk, res. Third S. 0919, Matthews, John, res. Third S. 0920, Allord, Henry, clk, A. Rohrbach, bds. Third S. 0920, Allord, Joseph, wks, G. H. Atwood, res. Third S. 1001, Glynn, Jeremiah, rafter, bds. Third S. 1001, Glynn, John, lumberman, res. Third S. 1001, Lefler, Anne, domestic. Third S. 1001, Rivard, Adelaide (wid Frank) bds. Third S. 1001, Rivard, Prosper N. grocer 1003 S. 3d, res. Third S. 1001, Vincent, Victor, clerk P.N. Rivard, bds. Third S. 1002, Keyes, Patrick, guard Minn State Prison, rms. Third S. 1002, Smith, Granvill W., Chief of Police, City Hall, res Third S. 1006, Lammers, Louisa A., clerk Register of Deeds, bds. Third S. 1006, Ponath, Martha, domestic. Third S. 1006, Swanson, Frederick P., bookkeeper Musser-S L L & Mnfg Co, res Third S. 1007, Kolliner, Jacob R, clerk L. Albenberg & Co, res. Third S. 1007, Lindahl, Amy, domestic Third S. 1009, Heisel, Henry (H. Heisel & Co.) res. Third S. 1009, Hink, Lena, domestic. Third S. 1009, Waters, Bernard A., conductor C St. P M & 0 Ry, res. Third S. 1010, Brennan, Dennis, foreman, Ann River L. Co., res. Third S. 1012, Arsanault, Antoince, laborer, res. Third S. 1013, Dixon, Nancy E., (wid. Robert H.), res. Third S. 1013, Gail, Frederick W., Lawyer 12-13 Torinus blk, res. Third S. 1014, Desautell, Henry, res. Third S. 1014, Longen, Emily, (wid. Nicholas), res. Third S. 1018, Lillia, Amanda, domestic. Third S. 1019, Rohrbach, Abraham, clothing 126 S. Main, res. Third S. 1022, Boyle, Dennis, logs and pine lands, 5 Mower Blk, res Third S. 1022, Johnson, Anne, domestic. Willard W. 313, Lustig, Charles, bartender 410 E. Chestnut, res. Willard W. 401, Glass, Mary L. (widow Peter), dressmaker, res. Willard W. 401, Glass, Nicholas, laborer, bds. Willard W. 409, Schwartz, Albert, teamster, East Side Lbr. Co, bds. 109 Churchill, Nelson Si Slaughter's Addition Willard W. 409, Schwarz, Frank, laborer Florence Mill Co, res. Willard W. 409, Schwarz, Frederick, laborer, bds. Willard W. 409, Schwarz, William, foreman, bds. Willard W. 421, Plaster, Gustav, painter Minn Thresher Mnfg. Co, bds. Willard W. 421, Plaster, Minnie, milliner Mrs. L. seeba, bds. Willard W. 421, Plaster, Theodore, laborer, res. Willard W. 511, Murphy, Terence, laborer, res. Willard W. 511, Sennitt, Frances A. dressmaker, res. Willard W. 511, Sennitt, Michael, res. Willard W. 515, John Hogan, laborer, res. Willard W. 521, Muller, Joseph L, laborer, res. 110 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition APPENDIX D These addresses and names are taken from the Polk's 1930-1931 Stillwater City Directory. These are the people who used to live in your neighborhood just 75 years ago. They had children and spouses, heartache and sorrows, as well as moments of joy — just like you. They worried about their jobs, repaired their houses, grew older and had health problems — just like you. They lived in your houses, visited over your back fences, traded garden produce, and sometimes had spats. In short, they lived in your place then — just as you live in your place today. Will you and your family be remembered in the future, or will your names be as forgotten as most of these names are? 215 E. Churchill Richard R. McDonough 218 E. Churchill George E. Carolson Mrs. Mathilda Stadein 303 E. Churchill Mrs. Caroline Klatt 114 W. Churchill Stillwater Nash Garage 117 W. Churchill Frank D. Callahan, confectioner William A. Smith, barber Ernest J. Weiss 219 W. Churchill Edward Strebel 309 W. Churchill Roy H. Kerr 310 W. Churchill Eugene R. White 319 W. Churchill Mrs. Sarah J. Garen 322 W. Churchill Nicholas Lies 404 W. Churchill George Giebler 410 W. Churchill Henry Simon 416 W. Churchill Raymond J. Steinacker 421 W. Churchill George E. Giebler 424 W. Churchill Emil F. Huhner 502 W. Churchill Fred H. Smith 505 W. Churchill Frank J. Schaffer 513 W. Churchill Mrs. Amanda Plaster 514 W. Churchill Frank D. Lutterall Mrs. Susan A. Mackey 521 W. Churchill Albert Peaslee 612 S. Fifth 708 S. Fifth 712 S. Fifth 713 S. Fifth 715 S. Fifth 718 S. Fifth 804 S. Fifth 805 S. Fifth 807 S. Fifth 816 S. Fifth 817 S. Fifth 823 S. Fifth 824 S. Fifth 904 S. Fifth Alfred L. Sjowall Victor C. Johnson Oretha V. Weiss Lloyd Hoffman Mrs. Louise Plourde Herman W. Meister Anne A. Lane Dietrich Weiss Clifford W. Johnson Bert J. Morgan Daniel A. Holmes Mrs. Elizabeth Holmes (nurse) Emil A. Hohlt John Johnson Edward F. Pavek Mrs. Phoebe Lindsay 908 S. Fifth 909 S. Fifth 912 S. Fifth 913 S. Fifth 920 S. Fifth 921 S. Fifth 1002 S. Fifth 1003 S. Fifth 1008 S. Fifth 1016 S. Fifth 1020 S. Fifth 703 S. First 704 S. First 709 S. First 711 S. First 712 S. First 717 S. First 720 S. First 801 S. First 802 S. First 805 S. First 808 S. First 912 S. First 915 S. First 917 S. First 918 S. First 919 S. First 923 S. First 1002 S. First 1006 S. First 1007 S. First 1009 S. First 1013 S. First 1017 S. First Nelson School Gust A. Kelm William A. Sandberg Edmund Hall Edward Deragisch William Greeder August J. Mellecke William Brigan John McLaughlin Henry J. Kreger Mrs. Catherine Savage Carey J. Monson Matthew F. Butler Patrick F. McDonald William F. Mackey Morton Douglas Otto C. Bieging Fred Holcombe Carl J. Peterson Alfred N. Bottolfson James A. Sinclair Mrs. Ida E. Bourne Vincent H. Rice Albert Dahlke Fred H. Borgstrom Herman E. Kelm William H. Glaser Elmer L. Wieland Mrs. Elsie Wieland (nurse) Charles J. Ries Roy Radinzel Rudolph E. Mundt Louis Wolf Leonard F. wolf Earl F. Reeves Harry Lutz William G. Wojahn Clyde W. Catlin Merrill F. Knapp 111 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 710 S. Fourth 713 S. Fourth 715 S. Fourth 716 S. Fourth 719 S. Fourth 720 S. Fourth 724 S. Fourth 801 S. Fourth 802 S. Fourth 806 S. Fourth 807 S. Fourth 810 S. Fourth 815 S. Fourth 816 S. Fourth 817 S. Fourth Joseph A. Giossi James H. Tibbets Reuben C. Peterson William L. Olson John A. Upstill John A. Scully Chester R. Johnson Elliot E. Flowers Julius Schiefelbein Joseph E. Barron Peter J. Merimonti (contractor) Paul Merimonti Karl F. Sprich Charles W. Grandstand Clifford W. Powers William A. Knowles Andrew Williams (painter) Tri-State Ice Cream Co. Charles Lindahl Paul A. Noack 820 S. Fourth Alfred J. Kearney 824 S. Fourth Stillwater Oil Co. filling station Kearney's Grocery Max Dubin, confectionary 901 S. Fourth Mrs Lillian Weiss (grocery) Harry B. Weiss 902 S. Fourth Hooley Meat Co, Inc. 906 S. Fourth Mrs. Ellen Hooley 909 S. Fourth Carl W. Quist 910 S. Fourth Robert Hooley Mrs. Rose Nippolt 913 S. Fourth Edward McGee 915 S. Fourth William Meier 916 S. Fourth Norman Plaster William O. Skramstad 919 S. Fourth James Shattuck 921 S. Fourth John A. Crowley 924 S. Fourth Antoinette McCallan 1001 S. Fourth Roy J. McGlinch Richard Mockler 1006 S. Fourth William H. Sheaff Ellen Johnson (dressmaker) 1009 S. Fourth Albert Krueger 1010 S. Fourth William P. Nolan 1012 S. Fourth Leonard J. Nolan (electrician) 1019 S. Fourth Mrs. Mary Downs 1022 S. Fourth Mrs. Margaret Malloy 201 E. Hancock Mrs. Cyrilla Leyh, confectionary 615 S. Holcombe Alexander Erlitz (trucking) Edward H. Schultz (general repair) 705 S. Holcombe George C. Kutz John D. Weiss 913 S. Holcombe Vacant 917 S. Holcombe Vacant 921 S. Holcombe Albert W. Schmoeckel 1001 S. Holcombe Charles H. Lacosse 1005 S. Holcombe Mrs. Katie Dorn 1015 S. Holcombe Ann Brown 663 S. Second Mrs. Clara Roney 704 S. Second Eslie P. Bruce Elmer L. Carlson 708 S. Second George H. Burns William T. Burns 709 S. Second James Montgomery 712 S. Second Demeter Kalinoff 713 S. Second Mrs. Elizabeth Deragisch William T. Heffernan 717 S. Second Joseph M. Lupien 720 S. Second Mrs. Mary Register 723 S. Second Oscar G. Olsen Hannah Olsen 806 S. Second Emil J. Sandeen 807 S. Second Mrs. May Clarke 808 S. Second Alfred W. Illa Richard E. Erickson 814 S. Second Luke A. Jamieson Norman Magnuson 815 S. Second Theodore Plaster 819 S. Second Irving Bloom Richard E. Nelson 822 S. Second Mrs. Christina Holcombe 903 S. Second Vacant 904 S. Second Thoreen & Sandeen, contractors John F. Thoreen 905 S. Second Carl E. Nelson 910 S. Second Frank F. Yerka Vern A. Yerka 911 S. Second Mrs. Theresa Schmit Paul C. Salmore 914 S. Second Charles H. Malloy 915 S. Second Gordon C. Kelson Mrs. Caroline Ziegler 920 S. Second Paul G. Bahnemann 1001 S. Second Alois Diel Mrs. Ada Anderson 1004 S. Second Ignace Arsenault 1007 S. Second Herbert B. Johnson 1008 S. Second Anna L. Sacker (nurse) 1012 S. Second Herman J. Dietz 1013 S. Second Orris E. Lee Barbara S. Lee (nurse) 1017 S. Second Paul E. Utecht 1018 S. Second Roy F. Curley 112 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 702 S. Seventh 706 S. Seventh 715 S. Seventh 719 S. Seventh 720 S. Seventh 722 S. Seventh 725 S. Seventh 726 S. Seventh 731 S. Seventh 810 S. Seventh 811 S. Seventh 812 S. Seventh 817 S. Seventh 818 S. Seventh 910 S. Seventh 911 S. Seventh 913 S. Seventh 916 S. Seventh 918 S. Seventh 921 S. Seventh 923 S. Seventh 924 S. Seventh William E. Buege Magdalena Luchsinger John Shannon Leopold P. Seiberlich Herman A. Kutz Frank Schwartz Herman Van Hollan Amanda Weideman Reinhardt G. Weideman Vacant Mrs. Hannah Lang William A. Scheurer Verne C. Roettger Harry W. Froehner August A. Schiefelbein Robert W. Broeker Mrs. Mary Guyer John E. Brown Edward A. Anderson Charles W. Underhill Henry C. Reider Charles J. Durocher Vacant Edwin C. Seim David J. Crotto Adolph Johnson Mrs. Bertha Kitzmann 1006 S. Seventh Mrs. Fanny McIntyre Walter L. McIntyre 1009 S. Seventh Arthur B. Simonson 1013 S. Seventh Andrew Love 1017 S. Seventh William R. Moelter (fruits) 1018 S. Seventh Herman Zorn corner Hancock & S. Seventh: Edwin Ehnert, market gardener 704 Sixth Avenue S. 718 Sixth Avenue S. 808 Sixth Avenue S. 810 Sixth Avenue S. 816 Sixth Avenue S 822 Sixth Avenue S. 904 Sixth Avenue S. 910 Sixth Avenue S. 916 Sixth Avenue S. 924 Sixth Avenue S. 928 Sixth Avenue S. 1002 Sixth Avenue S. 1010 Sixth Avenue S. 1016 Sixth Avenue S. Willis P. Hart Irving J. Daly Alfred W. Illa Albert W. Zollner Ernest Anez Frederick H. Barnholdt Frank J. Collopy Mrs. Marie Stache John Conroy John F. O'Rourke Narcisse Bellisle Jennie Bellisle (dressmaker) Thomas Glynn August C. Jesse Victor J. Witzel 712 S. Sixth 715 S. Sixth 718 S. Sixth 719 S. Sixth 720 S. Sixth 722 S. Sixth 723 S. Sixth 802 S. Sixth 805 S. Sixth 809 S. Sixth 810 S. Sixth 813 S. Sixth 814 S. Sixth 902 S. Sixth 908 S. Sixth 911 S. Sixth 916 S. Sixth 919 S. Sixth 922 S. Sixth 923 S. Sixth 1004 S. Sixth 1007 S. Sixth 1012 S. Sixth 1015 S. Sixth 1016 S. Sixth 1020 S. Sixth 1021 S. Sixth 703 S. Third 704 S. Third 712 S. Third 713 S. Third 719 S. Third 801 S. Third 804 S. Third 805 S. Third 807 S. Third 808 S. Third 811 S. Third 813 S. Third 814 S. Third 821 S. Third 822 S. Third 901 S. Third 904 S. Third 905 S. Third Irvine W. London Harry L. Ingersoll Irving J. Daly John M. Ertle Roy J. Pretzel Vacant William M. Greeder Anton E. Brostrom William M. Soens Walter A. Klein Gustaf Lebrenz John W. Jewell John M. Greeder Clifford T. Callahan Ignas H. Peshak Paul H. Burtzlaff Mrs. Eva Gardner Herman Mellecke Adolph Kitzman Paul F. Mielke Alma Zorn Henry J. Schraeder (painter) Mrs. Mary McCarthy Robert Schmoeckel (contractor) Vacant Emil Kelm William C. Cates Walter F. Haynes (plumber) Mrs. Mary E. Elias James P. O'Shaughnessy Vacant Robert W. McGarry Charles F. Englin Irving B. Johnson Phinley L. Patterson Jamie A. Goggin Mrs. Julia M. Kilty Joseph H. Muckenhauser Joseph J. Muckenhauser Merle V. Loft Rev. Albert C. Ernst Mrs. Ella S. Sutton James W. Foley John L. Anderson August G. Schuttinger George W. Steed Rev. John W. Pieper Walter Johnson (grocers) Stillwater Grocers & Butchers Assn. Ezra J. McCollum Walter Johnson 113 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 906 S. Third 907 S. Third 913 S. Third 916 S. Third 918 S. Third 919 S. Third 920 S. Third 1001 S. Third 1002 S. Third 1003 S. Third 1006 S. Third 1007 S. Third 1009 S. Third 1010 S. Third Ernest E. Johnson Ernest I. Johnson John W. Whalen Guy A. Perry Mrs. Maria Keene George W. Register George H. Belideau Lloyd Shattuck John Niederer Mrs. Cecelia Bergen Erwin J. McDonald Frank T. McNulty Mathew Schmidt Julius A. Rasmussen Charles J. Smith (groceries) Mrs. Alice Swanson Albert Asmus Albert Johnson (piano tuner) Joseph Desautels 1013 S. Third John A. Kearney 1014 S. Third Henry Desautels 1019 S. Third Lewis H. Seymour 1022 S. Third Mrs. Katherine Boyle 203 E. Willard Andrew W. Kearney 215 W. Willard Albert E. Ranum Mrs. Alice MacDonald 219 W. Willard Ernest J. Olstad 313 W. Willard Irving W. Thompson 401 W. Willard Frank Arndt 409 W. Willard Henry J. Lueken 415 W. Willard Carl N. Casanova 421 W. Willard Paul Groth 511 W. Willard Leonard Olson 515 W. Willard Thorwald Gunnar 521 W. Willard Marvin A. Jackson 114 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition APPENDIX E These addresses and names are taken from the Polk's 1956 Stillwater City Directory. These are the people who used to live in your neighborhood 50 years ago. They had children and spouses, heartache and sorrows, as well as moments of joy — just like you. They worried about their jobs, repaired their houses, grew older and suffered bad health just like you. They lived in your houses, visited over your back fences, traded garden produce, and sometimes had spats. In short, they lived in your place then — just as you live in your place today. Will you and your family be remembered in the future, or will your names be as forgotten as most of these names are? 215 E. Churchill Richard R. McDonough 218 E. Churchill George E. Carlson George A. Carlson 303 E. Churchill Brutus E. Westmoreland 304 E. Churchill Paul R. Splettstoesser 114 W. Churchill Stillwater Nash Company 115 W. Churchill John Decurtins, barber McCarthy Appliance Co. 207 W. Churchill Florence McLaughlin Mrs. Grace H. Corcoran 219 W. Churchill William C. McKnight 309 W. Churchill Roy H. Kerr 310 W. Churchill Eugene R. White 313 W. Churchill Thomas J. Ammerman Gilbert B. Dornfeld 314 W. Churchill Leo J. Smith 319 W. Churchill Lorin C. O'Shea 322 W. Churchill Earl F. Schmoeckel Mrs Martha H. Tonskemper 404 W. Churchill Norman C. Peterson 410 W. Churchill Walter C. Smith 413 W. Churchill Floyd H. Lundt 416 W. Churchill Stillwater Delivery mess. service Rueben A. Jacobson 421 W. Churchill Anthony E. Paskvan 424 W. Churchill George E. Giebler 502 W. Churchill Stanley J. Donahue 505 W. Churchill Frank J. Schaffer 513 W. Churchill William B. Zabel 514 W. Churchill Mrs. Katherine M. Whelan Frank G. Turchl 521 W. Churchill Raymond J. Reichkitzer 522 W. Churchill Emil H. Diethert 708 S. Fifth 712 S. Fifth 713 S. Fifth 715 S. Fifth 718 S. Fifth 804 S. Fifth 805 S. Fifth William H. Glaser Oretha V. Weiss Rueben C. Peterson Robert V. Bonse Charles A. Plourde Mrs. Mary A. Nelson Mrs. Lottie M. Reider 807 S. Fifth 808 S. Fifth 811 S. Fifth 816 S. Fifth 817 S. Fifth 820 S. Fifth 823 S. Fifth 824 S. Fifth 904 S. Fifth 908 S. Fifth 909 S. Fifth 912 S. Fifth 913 S. Fifth 920 S. Fifth 921 S. Fifth 1002 S. Fifth 1003 S. Fifth 1008 S. Fifth 1013 S. Fifth 1016 S. Fifth 1019 S. Fifth 1020 S. Fifth 703 S. First 704 S. First 709 S. First 711 S. First 712 S. First 717 S. First 720 S. First 801 S. First 802 S. First 805 S. First 808 S. First 817 S. First 912 S. First 915 S. First 917 S. First 918 S. First Edward V. Grammenz Odell I. Flowers Howard W. Harvieux Benjamen Bonse Mrs. Elizabeth M. Holmes Paul A. Noack, jr. Mary K. Brosious Richard G. Thompson James E. Donahue Clifford W. Powers Mrs. Rose Mariana James E. Meister Edmund Hall Mrs. Mary M. Deragisch Norman V. Anderson Fred. F. Holtorf John R. Sherin Howard J. McLaughlin Minnie Chandler Theodore E. Webster Mrs. Corinne Tucker Robert J. Selb Russell W. Meister Herman W. Meister Mrs. Elphie Colombo Fern Selb Charles P. McGarry Otto C. Bieging Fred E. Holcombe Ernest Schad Thomas R. Becker Myron K. Thompson Nick J. Michaels Roger E. Buege Albert A. Dahlke Francis E. Brown Roland W. Munson Russell H. Borden Emery J. Nelson David C. Junker Charles J. Ries John C. Ries 115 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 919 S. First Phillip A. Holmes DeForrest G. Hudson 923 S. First Mrs. Ella Mundt 1002 S. First Roy F. Curley Gilbert A. Willett Howard P. Madsen 1006 S. First Harold M. Pauley, real estate & insurance 1007 S. First Earl F. Reeves 1009 S. First Walter H. Luedtke 1013 S. First William K. Hall Mrs. Louise Harvieux 1017 S. First Mrs. Clara Elias Cecil V. Berglund 704 S. Fourth 710 S. Fourth 713 S. Fourth 715 S. Fourth 716 S. Fourth 719 S. Fourth 720 S. Fourth 724 S. Fourth 801 S. Fourth 802 S. Fourth Mrs. Ethel A. Gower Joseph A. Giossi Mrs. Clara P. Coty Alice M. McCarthy Mrs. Emma Hathaway Ernest Smith Lenore Iserman Wilmer L. Lentz Robert W. Nelson Mrs. Marie E. Hagen Merimonti Electric Motor Shop Peter J. Merimonti Paul J. Merimonti 806 S. Fourth George H. Belideau 807 S. Fourth Jerold E. Murphy 810 S. Fourth James F. Fredricksen Herbert B. Johnson 815 S. Fourth Carl Noack 816 S. Fourth Mrs. Hannah M. Williams 817 S. Fourth Albert W. Richert Mrs. Hulda Willet Edwin D. Balfanz 820 S. Fourth Herbert Johnson 823 S. Fourth Stillwater Oil Co. gas station 824-826 S. Fourth Kearney Food Market 901 S. Fourth Meister's Confectionary 902 S. Fourth Hooley's Super Market 903 S. Fourth Mrs. Lillian Weiss 909 S. Fourth Vacant 912 S. Fourth Vacant 913 S. Fourth Robert W. Kohl 915 S. Fourth Robert J. Hooley 916 S. Fourth Mrs. Laura D. Winkel Evan J. Thompson 919 S. Fourth Mrs. Magdalen Shattuck 921 S. Fourth John L. Hinz 924 S. Fourth Antoinette McCallan 1001 S. Fourth Walter H. Benshoof Donald L. Anderson 1006 S. Fourth William F. Knowles 1009 S. Fourth William H. Wieden 1010 S. Fourth Hon. William P. Nolan 1019 S. Fourth Jerry W. Downs Gerald A. Downs 1022 S. Fourth Vivian E. Watson Mrs. Catherine Gillis Mrs. Eva Dennis 524 W. Hancock Donald W. Hendrickson 615 S. Holcombe 701 S. Holcombe 705 S. Holcombe 917 S. Holcombe 921 S. Holcombe 1001 S. Holcombe 1005 S. Holcombe 704 S. Second 708 S. Second 709 S. Second 712 S. Second 713 S. Second 717 S. Second 720 S. Second 723 S. Second 806 S. Second 807 S. Second 808 S. Second 814 S. Second 815 S. Second 819 S. Second 822 S. Second 903 S. Second 904 S. Second 905 S. Second 910 S. Second 911 S. Second 914 S. Second 915 S. Second 920 S. Second Ernest J. Richert Howard L. Rogness George C. Kutz Martin W. Michaelis Mrs. Ida C. Schmoeckel Mrs. Rose W. LaCosse Alma K. Dorn Mrs. Blanche Gagnon William T. Burns Robert G. Burns John O. Bjugan Mrs. Alice Kalinoff Wade J. Montgomery James R. Stevensen Mrs. Madeleine Lupien Lawrence M. Schadegg Oscar G. Olsen George D. Jansen Mrs. Ethel Kobs Muriel Clarke John M. Eastwood Arnold A. Nippoldt Mrs. Mary Jahress Leo Collins Lester Thompson Harrison D. Hanke Selma V. Holcombe Olive Crimmins Lyle J. Leffler Edward W. Simonet, jr. Carl E. Nelson Vern A. Yerka Kenneth E. Munson Hattie Schmitt Leonard C. Zabel Edward J. Malloy Mrs. Alvina Kelson Bertil E. Christenson 116 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Howard E. Landgreen 1001 S. Second Mrs. Alma C. Langness Ruth Anderson 1004 S. Second Eugene Lammers 1007 S. Second John G. Wright 1008 S. Second Mrs. Pauline Secker 1012 S. Second Earl L. Vitalis 1013 S. Second Mrs. Helen M. Clarke 1017 S. Second Mrs. Florence E. Utecht 1018 S. Second Willard F. Zolldan Simpey Kuramoto 702 S. Seventh Randolph W. Turnblad 706 S. Seventh LeRoy J. Concannon 714 S. Seventh Neal D. Jacobson 715 S. Seventh William J. McLaughlin Arnold R. Hansen 719 S. Seventh Carl P. Kutz 720 S. Seventh Frank R. Schwartz 722 S. Seventh Mrs. Emma A. VanHollan 725 S. Seventh Charles W. Radke 726 S. Seventh Claude T. Hounschell 731 S. Seventh Arthur E. Bartkey (painter) 810 S. Seventh Joel S. Runk 811 S. Seventh Bert Bennett 812 S. Seventh Mrs. Minnie H. Groth 817 S. Seventh Erwin F. Martkey 818 S. Seventh John E. Brown 910 S. Seventh Alphie M. Anderson 911 S. Seventh Wesley F. Underhill 913 S. Seventh Charles J. Durocher 916 S. Seventh Mrs. Katherine F. Millarch 918 S. Seventh Fred. R. Weiss 921 S. Seventh Mrs. Martha Crotto 923 S. Seventh Vacant 924 S. Seventh Mrs. Florence Sutherland 1006 S. Seventh Walter L. McIntyre 1009 S. Seventh William T. Junker 1013 S. Seventh Eugene C. Buck 1017 S. Seventh Wilbert F. Kniebel 1018 S. Seventh Mrs. Antena Zorn Harry L. Thompson 704 Sixth Ave. S. Lyle J. Eckberg 718 Sixth Ave. S. Irving J. Daly 808 Sixth Ave. S. Donald C. Meyer Mrs. Evelyn J. Illa 812 Sixth Ave. S. Earl E. Roettger 816 Sixth Ave. S. Ernest R. Evert 816 %2 Sixth Ave. S. James Nichols 822 Sixth Ave. S. Harry E. Barnholdt 904 Sixth Ave. S. Joseph V. Montpetit 910 Sixth Ave. S. Charles M. Colombo 916 Sixth Ave. S. David C. Bjorkman 924 Sixth Ave. S. Norbert L. Radke 928 Sixth Ave. S. Jennie E. Belisle Erwin P. Larson 1002 Sixth Ave. S. Bert L. Swanman 1010 Sixth Ave. S. Myron E. Melstrom 1016 Sixth Ave. S. Warren D. Reese 712 S. Sixth 715 S. Sixth 719 S. Sixth 720 S. Sixth 722 S. Sixth 723 S. Sixth 802 S. Sixth 805 S. Sixth 809 S. Sixth 810 S. Sixth 813 S. Sixth 814 S. Sixth 902 S. Sixth 908 S. Sixth 911 S. Sixth 916 S. Sixth 919 S. Sixth 922 S. Sixth 923 S. Sixth 1004 S. Sixth 1007 S. Sixth 1010 S. Sixth 1015 S. Sixth 1016 S. Sixth 1020 S. Sixth 1021 S. Sixth 703 S. Third 704 S. Third 712 S. Third 715 S. third 718 S. third 719 S. third 801 S. Third 804 S. Third 805 S. Third 807 S. Third 808 S. Third 811 S. Third 813 S. Third 814 S. Third 821 S. Third 822 S. Third Irvine W. London Ernest W. Dielenthels John M. Ertle Roy J. Pretzel Robert W. Whalen Charles C. Mittag Edward A. Buege Mrs. Joyce Anderson Walter A. Klein John W. Jewell Earl Lee Wayne B. Hayes Ralph T. Slaughter William M. Greeder Mrs. Mabel Mellecke David K. Seggelke Richard W. Mockler Mrs. Fydella Schrader Robert M. Greeder Alma A. Zorn Mrs. Fydella M. Schraeder Raymond J. McCarthy Robert H. Schmoeckel Geraldine Galles Mrs. Eva S. Johnson Harry Schmoeckel Roy C. Cates Sabin Anderson Robert Riley James P. O'Shaughnessy Mrs. Olive T. Waldref Merrill J. McGarry Emil E. Johnson Charles F. Englin Leslie E. Emanuelson Raymond J. Stieger John C. Kilty Joseph J. Muckenhausen Judson E. McKusick (upholstery) Condell J. McPherson John H. Bunnelle Vacant Russell H. Thoreson Phillip Easton Carl M. Quist 117 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition 901 S. Third 904 S. Third 905 S. Third 906 S. Third 907 S. Third 913 S. Third 916 S. Third 918 S. Third 919 S. Third 920 S. Third 1001 S. Third 1002 S. Third 1003 S. Third 1006 S. Third 1007 S. Third 1009 S. Third 1010 S. Third Paul W. Glaser Vacant Mrs. Grace T. Smith Rallon B. Lay Royal J. Masterman Mrs. Linnea Wake Elwood D. Nelson Leslie E. Krongard Lowell R. Johnson Walter Johnson Gerald L. McGee Gerald J. Runk Vacant Vacant Vacant Earl G. Dornfeld Carl E. Johnson Lawrence J. Hurley Otto J. Reichert 1013 S. Third George W. Fels 1014 S. Third Joseph H. Madden 1019 S. Third Violet L. Wright 1021 S. Third Richard A. Schnell 1022 S. Third Edward F. Boyle 203 E. Willard Lloyd W. Taylor 212 W. Willard Mrs. Josephine Lohmer 215 W. Willard Albert E. Ranum 219 W. Willard Jean A. Olstad 309 W. Willard Vacant 313 W. Willard Louis F. Garavalia 409 W. Willard Richard I. Muller 415 W. Willard Carl N. Casanova 421 W. Willard Vacant 511 W. Willard Richard F. Olson 515 W. Willard Paul M. Sagal 521 W. Willard Mrs. Frances C. Estelle 118 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Bibliography Birds Eye Views of Stillwater, 1870 and 1879. Drawn by Albert Ruger. Originals in the Washington County Historical Society, Warden's House Museum, and the Minnesota Historical Society. Reprints available from Empson Archives, P.O. Box 791, Stillwater, MN 55082. Paul Caplazi. Unpublished manuscript, April, 1944. The Charter and Ordinances of the City of Stillwater. Compiled by C. F. Gregory, City Attorney. Stillwater, Lumberman Steam Printing Co, 1881. Fifty Years in the Northwest, by W. H. C. Folsom. Pioneer Press Company, 1888. History of the St. Croix Valley, edited by Augustus B. Easton. Chicago, H.C. Cooper Jr. & Co., 1909. History of St. Louis City and County, including Biographical Sketches of Representative Men, by J. Thomas Scharf. Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts & Co. 1883. History of the White Pine Industry in Minnesota by Agnes M. Larson, University of Minnesota Press, 1949. History of Washington County and The St. Croix Valley, North Star Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 1881. Homes in the Heartland; Balloon Frame Farmhouses of the Upper Midwest, 1850-1920. Fred W. Peterson, University Press of Kansas, 1992. Joseph R. Brown, Adventurer on the Minnesota Frontier, 1820-1849 by Nancy & Robert Goodman, Lone Oak Press, [1996], Minnesota. Census of Washington County, 1885 Minnesota Biographies, 1655-1912. Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society, Volume XIV. Sanborn Insurance Maps, 1884, 1891, 1898, 1904, 1910, 1924. St. Croix Union [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] Sectional Map of the City of Stillwater, [1878]. There is a copy of this map hanging in the Washington County Recorder's Office. Stillwater City Directories, 1876-1964 Stillwater Daily Gazette [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] Stillwater Fire Dept. Runs by Address, 1896-1906 [typescript] Stillwater Historic Contexts: A Comprehensive Planning Approach. Stillwater: Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission, July 1993. Stillwater Gazette [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] 119 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Stillwater Lumberman [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] Stillwater Messenger [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] Stillwater Public Library. Stillwater Building Permits [on microfilm] Stillwater Public Library. St. Croix Collection. United States. Census of Minnesota Territory. Washington County. Stillwater. United States. Census of 1860, 1870, 1880, Washington County: Stillwater. Washington County Probate Court Files. Washington County Recorder's Office: Books of Deeds, Books of Mortgages, Books of Bonds, Books of Plats. Washington County Tax Assessor's records for 1861-1900. Minnesota State Archives. Microfilm copies can be found at the Minnesota Historical Society, and the Stillwater Public Library. 120 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Recommendations The following are my recommendations for Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition. They are based on the assumption it is desirable to maintain and promote the historic character of this neighborhood. It is my belief that the long-term prosperity and value of Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition and Stillwater's other older neighborhoods lies in preserving their old fashioned character. This is the hallmark that distinguishes Stillwater from the myriad of other suburban developments surrounding the Twin Cities, and makes Stillwater a unique place to live. LOT SIZE REQUIREMENTS Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition is almost exclusively older houses — many on two or even three lots. This neighborhood is remarkable because it has so little infill housing of a later date. However, that could change soon. As the pressure to build within Stillwater continues, the empty lots will become a greater and greater source of temptation to developers and real estate speculators. Under the present city ordinances, any lot of 7,500 square feet is a buildable lot. If present trends continue, more and more of these now-unbuilt lots will be built upon. It is quite possible that in 20-30 years, the density of Churchill Nelson & Slaughter's Addition could increase by 25 per -cent or more. Because there are presently no design building restrictions in Stillwater residential neighborhoods, these new houses will not only increase the density of the area — thus destroying some of its appeal — they will also add further to the architectural jumble, and obliterate what historic streetscape remains today. Because no one builds small houses any more, (and the city has no design guidelines for blending into a neighborhood) these newer houses of 2,000-4,000 square feet will overwhelm the small 7,500 square foot building lots, and destroy the scale of the streetscape that is one basis, albeit subtle, of Stillwater's attraction. Spacious yards and open spaces are a characteristic of Nineteenth Century neighborhoods. I recommend the City of Stillwater change the minimum buildable lot size from 7,500 square feet to a minimum of 10,000 square feet. I also recommend the City explore the possibility of design guidelines for the older parts of Stillwater. HISTORIC DESIGNATION In this survey, as in previous five surveys, I have tried to identify homes that are significant or unique; homes that are typical of a long forgotten time; or homes that are particularly representative of Stillwater. But these surveys of mine are soon forgotten, and the significance I have ascribed to a particular dwelling may be forgotten as soon as the next owner moves in. I urge the City of Stillwater and the Heritage Preservation Committee to initiate a process of designating and marking the historically significant houses in Stillwater. This will have the benefit of apprising the present owner that his home has value as a city landmark, and it will enable those interested in the history of the city to find the historical homes that have been well preserved. 121 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition The City of Stillwater should initiate its own historic designation for houses throughout the city that are a significant part of Stillwater's history. EDUCATION ON REMODELING OLDER HOMES The city — or some local organization should make some efforts to provide information to the public on maintaining and remodeling or repairing the older homes. In Stillwater, older homes that have maintained their original integrity command a higher price than those homes have been changed from their original appearance. But the average homeowner who might be concerned about preserving the integrity of his house is presently hard pressed to find good information on how to improve or update his house without destroying it historic value. A simple brochure containing some basic guidelines to be distributed by realtors, neighborhood groups, and the city could — over a period of years — make a substantial difference on the overall appearance of the city. THE DEMOLITION OF HOUSES Every year, a few more old homes in Stillwater are demolished, despite a city ordinance regulating and discouraging the process. In some cases, it is a matter of business or church expansion; in some cases it is the owners wishing to build a new house on the same lot; and in several cases lately, it has been a matter of demolishing the old house to increase the value of the lot, which can then be used for a new more expensive house. This latter situation has been particularly true of those lots with a river view. While this practice may be lucrative for the developer, I believe it detracts from the community as a whole: the old houses are part of a legacy, an inheritance, left for future generations. One of the additional steps the city might take to encourage preservation would be to have architects and builders on call that are sympathetic to repairing and restoring older houses. This professional insight and advocacy might discourage one of the most frequent rationales — that the house is beyond repair — used to justify demolition. 122 Churchill, Nelson, & Slaughter's Addition Adams, Maria C., 25, 78 Allard family, 59 Allen, George, 81 Allen, George F., 81 Allen, Mary H., 74 Ambuhl, Tobias, 77 Arndt, August & Augusta, 79 Arndt, Joseph, 80 Arndt, Joseph & Annie, 82 Arnold, Allen & Martha, 53 Avery, Louis & James, 75 Baird & Johnson, 61 Barron, Patrick, 63 Barry, James, 64 Barter, Robert, 31 Bartlett, Bertha, 7 Batke, August & Henrietta, 82 Bean, Jacob, 74 Becker, Fridolin, 27 Beiging, William, 49 Belisle, Isadore, 59 Belisle, Oliver, 53 Bennecke, Frederick, 78 Berglund, Sven, 36, 49, 52, 73 Bieging & Schmidt, 42, 51 Bieging, Emil, 31, 33, 53, 70, 79 Bieging, William, 85 Billoou, Louis, 61 Blake, John, 49 Blanchard, R. G., 49 Blanke, Ernest & Christian, 83 Blanke, J. E., 83 Blanke, J. Ernest, 78, 84 Blankenham, John F., 41 Blankenhorn, Fredereka Magdalena, 41 Bluff City Lumber Company, 51 Booth, A. L., 49 Borchard, Ernest, 39 Bradley, Alexander, 78 Bradley, E. B., 78 Bradley, Shenanda, 78 Brigan, William, 75 Brotherton, James, 53 Brown, Joseph R. Stillwater claim, 9 Burlingham, D. L., 49, 58 Butler, Mathew, 51 Butler, Mathew F., 37 Butts, Edmund, 26, 35, 36, 40, 41, 45, 49, 52, 56, 61, 62 Butts, Edmund & Augusta, 52 Butts, Edmund & Ida, 70, 72 Butts, Ida, 36 Caplazi, Albert & Chetien, 62 Caplazi, George, 81 Capron, Mary, 57 Carroll, Michael, 41, 63, 64, 75, 80 Carroll, Michael & Mary, 70 Carter, Robert, 75 Castle, Alice, 62 Castle, Alice E., 61 Chalmers, William, 56, 57 Chartrand, Frank, 47 Chase, George, 35 Christianson, Ange, 77 Churchill & Nelson donate courthouse site, 15 plat Addition, 13 Stillwater claim, 9 Churchill St. E. 117, 49 Churchill St. E. 215, 26 Churchill St. E. 218, 26 Churchill St. E. 303, 26 Churchill St. E. 304, 26 Churchill St. E. 307, 26 Churchill St. E. 317, 26 Churchill St. W. 114, 27 Churchill St. W. 117, 27 Churchill St. W. 219, 27 Churchill St. W. 309, 27 Churchill St. W. 310, 27 Churchill St. W. 313, 33 Churchill St. W. 314, 27 Churchill St. W. 319, 27 Churchill St. W. 322, 31 Churchill St. W. 404, Churchill St. W. 410, Churchill St. W. 413, Churchill St. W. 416, Churchill St. W. 421, Churchill St. W. 424, Churchill St. W. 502, Churchill St. W. 505, Churchill St. W. 509, Churchill St. W. 513, Churchill St. W. 514, Churchill St. W. 521, Churchill St. W. 522, Churchill, Elizabeth dies, 23 Churchill, Levi 31 31 33 31 31 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 123 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition dies, 15 early life, 7 Clancy, Maurice, 70 Clark, Matt, 42 Clarke, L. W., 52, 64 Clarke, Lewis, 47 Collins, Patrick & Bridget, 73 Collopy, Thomas & Mary, 81 Comb, Charles L., 81 Conklin, John, 70 Conklin, John F., 45 Cook, Christian, 40 Crowell, Charles & Ida, 39 Crowley, Timothy & Catherine, 70 Cummings, William E., 26, 75 Curtiss, John, 33 D i Dailey, Lawson, 44, 59, 61 Daschler, John & Magdalene, 41 Davis, Edward & Emma, 77 Davis, Horace W., 42, 48 Davis, James & Martha, 27 Day, Daniel F., 72 Desteffany, Henry, 62 Desteffany, Henry & Dominica, 72 Diamond, George, 35 Diers, Henry, 33 Dodd, A.M., 25, 49, 72, 85 Domke, August, 80, 81 Domke, Frank, 81 Donohue, Timothy, 27 Doyle, Daniel, 48 Doyle, Mrs. Zona, 77 Doyle, Stephen & Mary Ann, 37, 42 Drake, Addison & Sarah, 35 Drews, Albert, 25, 36, 73 Drews, Herman, 49 Durocher, Alexander, 61 Dwyer, James & Ellen, 47 E Eichten, Joseph, 77 Elliot, Edward & Ann, 72 Erlitz, Albert, 81 Erlitz, Theodore, 80 Everett, Lindsley, 49 F Fellows, William, 36 Ferguson, Frasier, 79 Ferguson, Harvey & Elizabeth G., 79 Fifth St. S. 0708, 72 Fifth St. S. 0712, 25, 72 Fifth St. S. 0713, 73 Fifth St. S. 0715, 73 Fifth St. S. 0718, 25, 73 Fifth St. S. 0801, 75 Fifth St. S. 0804, 73 Fifth St. S. 0805, 75 Fifth St. S. 0807, 73 Fifth St. S. 0808, 75 Fifth St. S. 0811, 75 Fifth St. S. 0812, 75 Fifth St. S. 0816, 75 Fifth St. S. 0817, 73 Fifth St. S. 0823, 73 Fifth St. S. 0824, 74 Fifth St. S. 0904, 74 Fifth St. S. 0908, 74 Fifth St. S. 0909, 74 Fifth St. S. 0912, 74 Fifth St. S. 0913, 74 Fifth St. S. 0920, 74 Fifth St. S. 0921, 74 Fifth St. S. 1002, 74 Fifth St. S. 1003, 75 Fifth St. S. 1008, 75 Fifth St. S. 1013, 75 Fifth St. S. 1016, 75 Fifth St. S. 1019, 75 Fifth St. S. 1020, 75 First St. S. 0703, 37 First St. S. 0704, 37 First St. S. 0709, 37 First St. S. 0711, 39 First St. S. 0712, 39 First St. S. 0717, 39 First St. S. 0720, 39 First St. S. 0801, 39 First St. S. 0802, 39 First St. S. 0805, 39 First St. S. 0808, 40 First St. S. 0817, 40 First St. S. 0912, 40 First St. S. 0915, 40 First St. S. 0917, 41 First St. S. 0918, 41 First St. S. 0919, 41 First St. S. 0920, 41 First St. S. 0923, 41 First St. S. 1002, 41 First St. S. 1006, 41 First St. S. 1007, 41 First St. S. 1013, 41 First St. S. 1017, 42 124 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition First St. S. 1018, 42 Foley, James, 56 Foley, James W., 56 Foran, William, 57 Foster, Nelson, 51 Fourth St. S. 0704, 62 Fourth St. S. 0710, 72 Fourth St. S. 0713, 62 Fourth St. S. 0715, 62 Fourth St. S. 0716, 62 Fourth St. S. 0719, 62 Fourth St. S. 0720, 63 Fourth St. S. 0724, 63 Fourth St. S. 0801, 63 Fourth St. S. 0802, 63 Fourth St. S. 0806, 63 Fourth St. S. 0807, 64 Fourth St. S. 0810, 64 Fourth St. S. 0815, 64 Fourth St. S. 0816, 64 Fourth St. S. 0817, 64 Fourth St. S. 0820, 64 Fourth St. S. 0823, 64 Fourth St. S. 0826, 64 Fourth St. S. 0901, 64 Fourth St. S. 0902, 65 Fourth St. S. 0909, 65 Fourth St. S. 0912, 72 Fourth St. S. 0913, 65 Fourth St. S. 0915, 65 Fourth St. S. 0916, 65 Fourth St. S. 0919, 65 Fourth St. S. 0921, 70 Fourth St. S. 0924, 70 Fourth St. S. 1001, 70 Fourth St. S. 1006, 70 Fourth St. S. 1009, 70 Fourth St. S. 1010, 70 Fourth St. S. 1015, 71 Fourth St. S. 1019, 72 Fourth St. S. 1022, 72 Fowler, James & Eliza, 77 Fox, Mrs. Melvina, 79 Francis, Thomas, 39 G Gagnon, Marcel, 75 Gail, Frederick, 35 Garbe, Alexander Albert, 84 Gaslin, Lydia & George, 56 Gast, Wilhelm & Bertha, 40 Giebler, George, 31 second house, 31 Gieriet, John, 59 Gilbert, William, 45 Gillespie, James, 59 Gillespie, Michael, 59 Gillispie, James & Mary, 65 Giossi, William & Elizabeth, 25, 73 Glaser, Charles, 74 Glaser, Charles & Carrie, 27, 65 Glaspie, John & Kate, 47, 48, 53 Glynn, Patrick, 41 Godfrey, Caroline & Augustus, 45 Goff, Elephalet & Mary, 77 Goff, Ellen & John, 25, 77 Goff, Rufus & Josephine, 74 Goodman, 73 Goodman, Phillip, 64 Gorham, Charles & Addie, 39 Gotlieb, Hohlt, 75 Gower, Ethel, 62 Grace, Frank & Augusta, 48 Griffen, James, 47 Hagen, Henry, 40 Hagstrom, Robert, 44 Hall, George D., 45 Hall, Hubert, 45 Hall, Watson, 49 Hall, William, 83 Hancock W. 516, 83 Hancock W. 520, 83 Hancock, Hilary, 13, 15, 35 Hannigan, D., 33 Hanson, Andrew, 52 Hanson, Hans, 27, 73 Hanson, James & Minnie, 37 Harris, W. H., 45 Heffernam, William, 45 Hefty, Fred & Bethany, 36 Hefty, Henry, 75, 80 Heller, Julius, 41 Herald, Walter, 31 Hersey, Bean & Brown, 39, 72, 78, 80, 82 Hilltop Moving Picture House, 27 Hogan, John, 85 Holcombe St. S. 0611, 83 Holcombe St. S. 0615, 83 Holcombe St. S. 0701, 83 Holcombe St. S. 0705, 83 Holcombe St. S. 0913, 83 Holcombe St. S. 0917, 84 Holcombe St. S. 0921, 84 Holcombe St. S. 1001, 84 Holcombe, Charles & Christine, 48 Hooley Meat Company, 65 125 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Hooley, Charles, 65 Hooley, Dennis J., 65 Hooley, Jack, 65 Hooley, Matt, 65 Hooley, Roy, 27, 65 Hursey, Wilmot, 56 Huser, William & Catherine, 84 J 1 Jack, Charles, 35 Jackman, Mrs. Mary, 25, 78 Jackson, Christine & August, 57 Jackson, Peter & Celia, 74 Jewell, Mary, 35 Johnson, Alfred, 31 Johnson, Emil, 53 Johnson, John H., 73 Johnson, Mike, 39 Johnson, Mrs. Ida, 58 Johnson, Walter, 57, 58, 61 Joy, Frank & Mary, 58 Junker, Mayor David, 44 K 1 Kadel, Frederick, 33 Kalinoff, Demeter & Alice, 45 Karst, John, 45 Kearney's Korner Market, 64 Keating, Bridget, 27 Keefe, John & Catherine, 36 Keitzmann, Bertha & Emil, 82 Kellogg, Almina, 51 Kelly, James, 26, 39, 41 Kern, Frederick & Thekla, 52 Kern, John, 33 Keyes, Dennis, 81 Kilty, J. J., 64 Kilty, John J., 25, 56, 78 Kilty, Timothy & Abbie, 63 Kilty, Timothy & Patrick, 64 Kinsella, Michael & Bridget, 84 Knight, J. M., 56 Knight, J.M. & Sarah, 58 Kreuger, Albert, 70 Krone, Charles, 36 Kutz, August, 73 L Larson, John, 44 Laun, Jacob & Annie, 77 Lehmicke, Rudolph, 25, 85 Lemoine, Edward & Philomena, 64, 70 Levi, Thomas, 81 Link, Joseph & Wilhelmina, 63 Linner, Frank, 33, 39, 45, 53, 58, 61, 82, 84 Linneroth, Frank, 74 Lippert, Augusta, 36 Lippert, Julius, 78 Loeber, August & Otelia, 84 Lohmann, John Jr. & Augusta, 77 Loomis, Frederick, 39 Low, George & Ossina, 40, 47 Luchsinger, John, 80 M 1 Magnuson, David, City Attorney, 44 Mahan, John, 26 Mahlstrom, H., 26, 75 Mahoney, Margaret, 37 Maloy, Anna, 63 Maloy, John J., 41 Marcel, Alfred, 59 Marsh, Fayette, 39 dies, 23 marries, 17 May, William, 59, 63 McBeath, S. Blair, 84 McCallom, Mary Ann, 70 McCarthy, John, 53 McCarthy, Patrick, 51 McCarthy, Patrick & Betsey, 49 McClellan, Alexander, 31 McDermott, Phillip & Eliza, 31 McFarlane, Edward & Catharine, 74 McGarry, Robert, 37, 53 McGee, James & Edward, 65 McGoldrick, Mary, 26 McGoldrick, Mary & Patrick, 48 McGrath, John & Nancy, 33 McGrath, Mary, 65 McIntyre, Harlow, 59 McKenzie, Charles & Daniel, 53 McKusick, John Stillwater claim, 9 McLean, Michael & Annie, 80 McMahon, Alice, 26 McNally, George & Amy, 81 McPherson, William, 48 McQuillan, Daniel, 77 McRae, John & Emma, 36 Mealey, John & Elizabeth, 63 Meier, W. E., 64 Meister's Bar, 64 126 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Meyer, William & Fredrika, 41 Millarch, Herman, 79 Millbrook, John, 77 Millbrook, John D., 73 Miller, John & Elizabeth, 39 Millet, Josiah & Clara, 79 Minnesota Thresher Manufacturing Company, 81 Moarity, Katie, 58 Mockler, Michael S., 51 Mohr, Henry, 51 Mohr, Henry J., 79 Moore, Winfield & Althea, 51 Morgan, Johanna, 73 Mosier, M.C., 51 Movie Theatre, 27 Mueller, Ludwig Joseph, 85 Mueller, Phillip, 78 Muhlenbruch, Dietrich & Margaret, 73 Muller, George, 70 N Neideren, John & Annie, 78 Nelson School, 42 Nelson, Emma marries, 17 Nelson, Emma Marsh dies, 17 Nelson, John M., 33 Nelson, Socrates business affairs, 9 dies, 15 early life, 7 Nelson's Field, 7, 37, 63, 64, 65, 84 Nelson's Hollow, 7 Nichol, Mary Ann & James, 26 Nielson, Mads, 37 Nordstrom, Charles, 65 Northey Brothers, 33, 45, 51, 56, 62 Northwest Thresher Company, 84 Norton, Samuel C., 48 0 O'Brien, Edward, 47 O'Brien, Michael, 84 O'Connell, Patrick, 85 O'Neal Brothers, 27 O'Neil, Daniel, 62 O'Shaughnessy, Aloysius, 52 Olsen, Edward, 53 Olsen, George, 65 Olson, Edward, 36, 65 Olson, George, 62 Olson, Joseph, 27 Orff, Judd, 59 Organ, Thomas & Margaret, 52 O'Shaughnessy, John & Mary, 52 P Packard, Howard & Deborah, 73 Packard, Samuel, 51,52,77 Paige, Amanda, 61 Pankonin, Fred & Teresa, 74 Patner, William, 45 Peaslee, Albert, 33 Pecha, Joseph, 52 Pennington, Fred, 45 Peters, John, 51 Peterson, Frank, 36 Phelps, R. W., 74 Pierce, Henry & Mattie, 78 Plaster, Albert, 81 Plaster, Theodore, 85 Powell, Kate & Thomas, 25, 85 Powers, J., 64 Pretzel, John, 77 Prince family, 39 Prince, Henry, 59, 61 Quinlan, Morris & Bridget, 63 Quinlan, Morris & Mary, 74 Quinn, Andrew & Wilhelmina, 35 Ratican, Kate & Thomas, 80 Reardon, Daniel, 33 Remmele, Joseph & Rosina, 78 Revoir, Francis & Mary, 59 Rheiner, Lizzie & Henry, 80 Richardson, Seward & Elizabeth, 37 Ries, Charles, 41 Rivard family, 59 Rivard, Prosper, 61 River Town Restoration, 44 Robinson, Dan, 49 Roettger, Henry, 74 Rooney, George & Sarah, 53 Savage, Eugene, 75 Schmidt, Eugene, 31, 56, 57 127 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Schmoeckel, Albert & Augusta, 79 Schmoeckel, Robert, 79 Schneider, Robert, 73 Schwartz, F., 63 Schwartz, Frank, 85 Scott, Fred, 49 Second St. S. 0704, 44 Second St. S. 0708, 45 Second St. S. 0709, 45 Second St. S. 0712, 45 Second St. S. 0713, 45 Second St. S. 0717, 47 Second St. S. 0720, 47 Second St. S. 0723, 47 Second St. S. 0806, 47 Second St. S. 0807, 47 Second St. S. 0808, 48 Second St. S. 0814, 48 Second St. S. 0815, 48 Second St. S. 0819, 48 Second St. S. 0822, 48 Second St. S. 0903, 49 Second St. S. 0904, 49 Second St. S. 0905, 49 Second St. S. 0910, 49 Second St. S. 0911, 49 Second St. S. 0914, 49 Second St. S. 0915, 51 Second St. S. 0920, 51 Second St. S. 1001, 51 Second St. S. 1004, 51 Second St. S. 1007, 51 Second St. S. 1008, 51 Second St. S. 1012, 51 Second St. S. 1013, 52 Second St. S. 1017, 52 Second St. S. 1018, 52 Selleck, Louise & Sturgess, 61 Settlemeyer, Jim, 51 Seventh St. S. 0702, 80 Seventh St. S. 0706, 80 Seventh St. S. 0714, 83 Seventh St. S. 0715, 80 Seventh St. S. 0719, 80 Seventh St. S. 0720, 80 Seventh St. S. 0722, 81 Seventh St. S. 0725, 81 Seventh St. S. 0726, 81 Seventh St. S. 0731, 81 Seventh St. S. 0810, 81 Seventh St. S. 0811, 81 Seventh St. S. 0812, 81 Seventh St. S. 0815, 83 Seventh St. S. 0817, 81 Seventh St. S. 0818, 81 Seventh St. S. 0910, 81 Seventh St. S. 0911, 81 Seventh St. S. 0913, 82 Seventh St. S. 0916, 82 Seventh St. S. 0918, 82 Seventh St. S. 0921, 82 Seventh St. S. 0922, 82 Seventh St. S. 0923, 82 Seventh St. S. 0924, 82 Seventh St. S. 1006, 82 Seventh St. S. 1009, 83 Seventh St. S. 1013, 83 Seventh St. S. 1014, 83 Seventh St. S. 1017, 83 Seventh St. S. 1018, 83 Seymour, Sabin & Company, 39, 45, 59, 62 Shattuck, Peter J.,33, 85 Shattuck, Thomas, 48 Sheehan, John, 82 Siebert, Robert & Catherine, 51 Sierberlich, Julius, 80 Simmons, John, 51 Sinclair, David & Sarah, 79 Sinclair, John & James & Tillie, 62 Sinclair, John & Jessie, 77 Sinclair, Thomas, 45 Sixth Ave. S. 0704, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0712, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0718, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0808, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0812, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0816, 35 Sixth Ave. S. 0822, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 0910, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 0916, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 0924, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 0928, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 1002, 36 Sixth Ave. S. 1010, 36 Sixth St. S. 0712, 26, 75 Sixth St. S. 0715, 77 Sixth St. S. 0719, 77 Sixth St. S. 0720, 77 Sixth St. S. 0722, 25, 77 Sixth St. S. 0723, 77 Sixth St. S. 0802, 77 Sixth St. S. 0805, 77 Sixth St. S. 0809, 78 Sixth St. S. 0810, 78 Sixth St. S. 0813, 78 Sixth St. S. 0814, 78 Sixth St. S. 0902, 25, 78 Sixth St. S. 0908, 78 Sixth St. S. 0911, 79 Sixth St. S. 0916, 79 Sixth St. S. 0919, 79 Sixth St. S. 0922, 79 128 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition Sixth St. S. 0923, 79 Sixth St. S. 1002, 80 Sixth St. S. 1004, 79 Sixth St. S. 1007, 79 Sixth St. S. 1010, 79 Sixth St. S. 1015, 79 Sixth St. S. 1016, 80 Sixth St. S. 1020, 80 Sixth St. S. 1021, 80 Slaughter, Robert, 13, 15 Smith, Judy & Tyler, 83 Smith, Merit, 51 Sprich, Adolph, 56, 57, 64, 82 Sprich, John, 82 St. Croix Lumber Company, 48, 61, 80 St. Croix Savings & Loan, 41, 51 St. Croix Valley Savings Bank, 39, 70 Stack, Wilhelm, 81 Starkwhether, John & Mary, 78 Stein, William, 39 Steinhorst, Herman, 77 Steinhorst, Herman & Katie, 25, 72 Stenstrom, Peter, 37 Stewart, Edward, 58 Stillwater Apostolic Church, 57, 58 Stillwater Building Assocation, 74 Stillwater Building Association, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 47, 48, 59 Stillwater Construction & Furnishing Company, 35, 40, 47, 58 Stillwater Fire Department Relief Association, 65, 73 Stillwater Manufacturing Company, 45 Stillwater Oil Company, 64 Stillwater Savings Bank, 41 Sullivan, James C., 59 Sullivan, John, 49 Sullivan, John & Timothy, 49 Sutherland, Thomas, 35, 53, 61, 70 Sutton, Thomas, 33 Swenson, Frederick, 61 The Cure, 48 Third St. S. 0703, 52 Third St. S. 0704, 53 Third St. S. 0712, 53 Third St. S. 0715, 53 Third St. S. 0718, 53 Third St. S. 0719, 53 Third St. S. 0801, 56 Third St. S. 0804, 56 Third St. S. 0805, 56 Third St. S. 0807, 56 Third St. S. 0808, 56 Third St. S. 0811, 56 Third St. S. 0813, 56 Third St. S. 0814, 57 Third St. S. 0821, 57 Third St. S. 0822, 57 Third St. S. 0901, 57 Third St. S. 0904, 58 Third St. S. 0905, 58 Third St. S. 0906, 58 Third St. S. 0907, 59 Third St. S. 0913, 59 Third St. S. 0916, 59 Third St. S. 0918, 59 Third St. S. 0919, 59 Third St. S. 0920, 59 Third St. S. 1001, 59 Third St. S. 1002, 59 Third St. S. 1003, 61 Third St. S. 1006, 61 Third St. S. 1007, 61 Third St. S. 1009, 61 Third St. S. 1010, 61 Third St. S. 1013, 61 Third St. S. 1014, 61 Third St. S. 1019-1021, 61 Third St. S. 1022, 62 Thompson, Levi & Aurora, 31 Thoreen, J. F., 49 Thueson, Bob, 65 Tobisch, Anna, 74 Tollas, Gustav & Amelia, 83 Tozer, Albert, 42 Tozer, David, 58, 62 Tozer, David & Margaret, 52, 56 Tuttle, Luella, 83 W J Wagner, Charles & Mary, 25, 78 Wagner, Heinrich, 81 Waldref, Olive, 53 Walsh, James, 64 Walters, George, 48 Ward, Francis, 36 Ward, Francis & James, 36 Ward, Thomas & Elsie, 65 Warmann, John & Anna, 82 Warner, Margaret, 82 Watson, George, 47 Webber, Frederick, 81 Webster, James & Henrietta, 79 Webster, Mortimer, 49, 51, 52, 61 Weideman, August, 81 Welch, James & Ellen, 64 Welsh, Michael, 56 129 Churchill, Nelson & Slaughter's Addition White, Benjamen, 41 White, Henry & Mary, 65 Whiting, William & Caroline, 74 Willard St. E. 203, 84 Willard St. W. 215, 84 Willard St. W. 219, 84 Willard St. W. 305, 85 Willard St. W. 313, 25, 85 Willard St. W. 415, 85 Willard St. W. 421, 85 Willard St. W. 511, 85 Willard St. W. 515, 85 Willard St. W. 521, 85 Wilman, Frederick, 52 Withrow, Sarah, 73 Wojahn, August, 41 Woodard, Ely B., 74 Woodruff, Henry, 35 Woodruff, Henry & Willis, 37 Woodruff, Willis, 35 Y Yorks, Edward & Ellen, 75 Yost, Nicholas, 35 Zanlce, Carl, 80 Zinke, Albert, 84 Zoller, Alfred, 65 Zoller, Jeffrey, 44 Zorn, Emil, 82 Zorn, Herman, 83 Zorn, Michael & Wilhelmina, 82 Zorn, William, 79 130 Other History Books from Empson Archives 5.'iis ff.Z.IT NFaii ry e V r_....:... ..... 96 Yz3'1.1H.t1lzo nil. POPLAR W. LA R� NOEN 0 ST. 'Y1. t1p SS. t'R 4NS et ABBOT sr. W. cn i;tvi W. 1. HUDSON ST. ui W. ORLEANS ,JERETT DR, L..St ILLO 3r. RIVER HEIGHTS RIDGE LN RIVERC$ E. CHL �:'=.9;14@l:k �ItttWpllC't 5:i �7E • BUR LIN 3T0 W R �C'5I . I;n m B4ttt ST. N. • 00 h � •ti 0 z V 4.4 a rJ p 01 Vic] o a, O b 0) 0 ti a• • 0 N o � O ti IsZ These books are keyed to the map above: 1-0 cei O i. cc' o °a 0 < Cr\f41-1 = N -80 cr\ r I: i. cj °" � • • '4 it y i■ - : o .� v' c C Q al 4f1 y o m.4 E . oc. r 4 L�Axx�� O O O O 0 0 0 0 0, xxxxx� dC4Li4p4 Available for the First Time in 134 Years TWO BIRD'S EYE VIEW MAPS of S7'ILIhWA7'ER. MINNES0R41 Drawn in 1870 -- Drawn Again in 1879 featuring *All Homes and Neighborhoods of the Day* *Churches Built by Those Early Congregations * *Bustling Waterfront Lumber Mills* *Trees, Hills, Bluffs, and Streams * In the Fall of 1869, four years after the Civil War, Albert Ruger, an accomplished urban illustrator, made a pencil sketch of Stillwater. The Stillwater Republican wrote that Ruger's sketch "shows every street, and the name of same, and the buildings are clearly defined, and properly located that every citizen can point out his own residence be it ever so small." In 1879 Albert Ruger returned to Stillwater to again draw the prosperous city, which had doubled in size. The Stillwater Gazette wrote, "The picture will be valuable as a present map of the city, and will in the future possess great interest for reference." Remarkably Accurate and Scrupulously Detailed plus A Thoroughly Documented Guidebook Complete with Footnotes Framed copies may be seen in the Reference Room at the Stillwater Public Library ---ONE (1870 or 1879) Bird's Eye View and Guidebook: $25, plus $1.63 tax, plus $5 for mailing tube and postage (FREE DELIVERY in ZIP Code 55082). ---BOTH (1870 & 1879) Bird's Eye Views and Guidebook: $40, plus $2.60 tax, plus $5 for mailing tube and postage (FREE DELIVERY in ZIP Code 55082). To Order Send a Check to: EMPSON ARCHIVES P.O. Box 791 Stillwater, MN 55082 or call 651-351-0172 '1'l1E END